Bessemer, Henry 192
Bevan, Nye 33
Biochemical Institute, Cambridge University 21, 22, 38, 39
Biochemistry and Morphogenisis (J. Needham) 52–3
biological agents
accusations of US use of, in Korean War 206–23
early Chinese use of 206
Japanese use of 209
Joseph Needham’s role in investigating 210–19
US research into, and ultimate decision to ban 209–10, 209n.43
voles as disease vector 207–9
Birds of South China, The (Caldwell) 154
Bish, Stanley 259, 261–2
Black Crow Sand Pass 131
Bland-Sutton, John 16–17
Blincoe, Alfred 17–18
bombs, biological agents in, Chinese 206
Book of Changes 198
Book of the Mystery-Penetrating Master, The 199
books and manuscripts
earliest Chinese book (Diamond Sutra) 105–6, 136, 143–4
Joseph Needham’s collection of Chinese 157, 181–3, 201–2, 252, 258
Boston, Richard 232
botany, Chinese 64, 68–9, 161–2
Bray, Francesca 241–2
work on Science and Civilisation in China 250, 254
bridges, Chinese 12, 125–6, 192–3
BritainChina Friendship Association 234–5
British Academy, Joseph Needham elected to 247
British Council 56
British Foreign Office 56, 216
British Museum, Aurel Stein’s collecting expedition for 140–45
British Peace Society 235
Brook, Charles 19
Brooke, Christopher 187
Bryan, Derek, marriage to Liao Hongying, and their advocacy for China 147–8, 235
Buck, Pearl 40
Buddhism and Buddhists in China 134–7
Burbridge, Peter 203
Burma Road 82
Caius College, Cambridge University 19, 34, 180, 233
College Council 238
Joseph Needham elected president of fellows (1959) 238–40
Joseph Needham’s oil portrait at 249, 251
Joseph Needham’s rooms at 41, 174–6
Joseph Needham’s status at 129, 174–80, 228–32, 237–41
tradition of ancient gates used by individuals from 251–2
Caldwell, John 154
callipers, Chinese 194
Cambridge Review 225
Cambridge University see also Caius College, Cambridge University
‘Blue’ award at 76n.15
Joseph Needham enters, as student 4, 18
Joseph Needham’s return to, after diplomatic mission to China 173
Joseph Needham’s status at 129, 174–80, 228–32, 237–41
students at, in 1968 era of social movements 240
Cambridge University Press, publisher of Science and Civilisation
in China decision to continue publishing 252
expansion of Science and Civilisation in China volumes 199–200
initial proposal for 176–7, 177, 178, 179
monographs emerging from Science and Civilisation in China 199n.40
camels 131–2
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 235
Campbell, Malcolm 23
Carnegie Institute 220
Celestial Lancets: A History of Acupuncture 199n.40
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States 172, 219
ceramics, Chinese 124
chain drives, Chinese 124
Chambers, Frank 18
Chang’an, China 132, 136, 167 104n.19 see also Xi’an China
Chang Jiang River see Yangzi River
Chatley, Herbert 203
Chemical Embryology (J. Needham) 29–30, 186
Chengdu, Sichuan Province, Needham’s visit to 84–6
Chen Lun 72
chess (game), Chinese xiangqi 194–5
Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalist Chinese leader) 43, 50, 76, 81–2, 98, 106, 119, 133, 146, 147, 205
Chi Chhoa-Ting 203
Chidzey, Blanche 27
Childers, Erskine 20
Children of Huang Shi, The (film) 122n.24
see also Nationalist government, China; People’s Republic of China
British mission to academics in 54–7
changes in, since Joseph Needham’s first visit 263–7
economy in World War II era 98–9
industry in World War II era 116–18
Japanese invasion and occupation of 8, 48–51, 53–4, 67, 79, 80–83, 116, 148–52, 155, 157–60
Joseph Needham expedition to northwestern 103–48
Joseph Needham expedition to southeastern 149–57
maps of 66–7, 105
Needham Question regarding science and technology in 40, 60, 163, 197, 230–31, 269–73
revolution in, 1911 8
scientific and technological achievements 9–10 see also inventions, Chinese
scientific and technological future of 273–5
states, kingdoms and dynasties see Appendix II
unchanging aspects of 267–73
western perceptions of, and prejudices about 7–10, 231–2
China advocates
Derek Bryan and Liao Hongying as 108, 129
Joseph Needham as 50–52, 53, 98–100, 233–6, 243–7
China Monthly Review 222–3
China National Aviation Corporation 1, 147
China Travel Service 110–11, 153
Chin Chuan So Chi (Li Xinheng) 126
Chinese Academy of Sciences 210
Chinese Industrial Cooperative (CIC) 117–18
Chinese language
calligraphy 47–8, 275
Joseph Needham’s study of 41–8
Joseph Needham’s typewriter and transliteration of 185n.37
modern 268
names and 42–3
origin of phrase gung ho 117
pinyin for Beijing 233n.47
transliteration of 44n.8
Chinese people
attitudes of 269–70
bureaucracy and attitudes of towards government 91
ingenuity of 89
modern 268
opinions of, about Japanese 80
scientists 97–8, 210, 214, 222 ‘traits’ of 138
water and hydraulics, in history of 109–13
Chinese Turkestan (Xinjiang), Joseph Needham’s expedition to 103–48
Chinghua University Radio Research Institute 102
Chongqing, China 50
as World War II-era capital of China 78–80
contemporary 263–7
Japanese attacks on World War II era 4–5, 80
Joseph Needham’s arrival in World War II era 1–6, 10–11, 74–9
Joseph Needham’s description of 83–4
rats in 84n.17
Christians and Christianity in China 114
Chungking 2 see also Chongqing, China
Chun Qiu Fan Lu (Dong Zhongshu) 174
Churchill, Winston 57, 74, 101
Cicero affair 51n.10
Cinnabar Mountains 131
Clark-Kerr, Archibald 116
Cold War International History project, Carnegie Institution 220
Columbia University 219
Communist Party, British 35
Communist Party and government, Chinese 98, 103, 205, 231, 182n.35 see also Mao Zedong (Chinese Communist leader); People’s Republic of China; Zhou Enlai (Chinese Communist leader)
Companionship of Honour awarded to Joseph Needham 259–60
compass, Chinese magnetic 101, 190 193
Complete Book of the Four Imperial Repositories, The (Siku Quanshu) 183n.36
Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings of Ancient and Modern Times, The (Chinese Imperial encyclopedia) 182–3
Confucius and Confucianism 133 162, 198
Cook, Stanley 229
&nb
sp; Cornford, John 35
Cornford-McLaurin Fund 35, 36
Corps of Messengers, British 74
Cort, J. H. 236
Crescent Moon Lake 134
Crick, Francis 250
Crook, David 61
Crowther, J. G. 56, 57, 60, 170
Cullen, Christopher 261
Cultural Revolution (1966–7) 240, 243, 244
names given to children during 42n.7
Czechoslovakia, ‘Prague Spring’ in (1968) 240
Dadu River 89, 192
Daily Worker (Britain) 60–61
Daoism 198, 199
Daquan River 133
Darwinism 14, 15
Deng Xiaoping (Chinese Communist leader) 247
Diamond Sutra 105–6, 136, 143–4
Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) 238n.51
Diebold, John 258
dinosaur fossil Lufengosaurus 162
DNA (deoxribonucleic acid), double helix model of 250
Dong Zhongshu 174
Driberg, Tom 242
Dujiangyan irrigation project 112 113
Dunhuang oasis and caves 105, 106, 109, 1337, 13942
East Asian History of Science trust 253
Eden, Anthony 59
Eggleston, Frederick 90–91
elements, five Chinese 174
Elers, Peter 242
Ellis, Havelock 33
Emblica officinalis 161
encyclopedia, imperial Chinese 182–3
English Gymnosophist Society 23
Epidemic Prevention Bureau, Lanzhou, China 126
erotic texts, Chinese Daoist 199
explorations, Chinese seagoing 193 201
extraterritoriality as legal concept 76n.14
Far Eastern Survey 237
Far East War Council 57
Fessel, Klaus 203
Fire-Drake Manuel, The 206
Fisher, Ronald 185–6
fishing reel, Chinese 193
Fitch, James 203
Foot, Dingle 33
foot-binding practice in China 123–4
Forster, E. M. 33
Fort Detrick, Maryland. Chemical warfare research centre at 209
Foster, Dorothy 22
Foster (Snow), Helen 116, 118
Fox, Munro 229
Franklin, Rosalind 250
Franklin, Sidney 40
Freedom of Information Act, US 219
French Indochina 82, 162
fuel used on Joseph Needham’s Chinese expeditions 107n.20
Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
danger of approaching Japanese troops 149–52, 155, 157–60
incident at Xiang River Bridge, Hengyang 157–60
Joseph Needham’s expedition to 149–57
map 150
Gang of Four 244
Gao, Kimmie 84
Gaselee, Stephen 61
Gate of Sorrows 132
Gauss, Clarence 103
Ge Hong 1
George IV, British king 204
gimbals, Chinese 193
Glukhov, KGB agent 220
Gobi Desert 126–7, 130, 132, 274
Goes, Bento de 274
Gollancz, Victor 33, 52
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University 19, 174, 237 250–51
Good Earth, The (Buck) 40
Grand Canal 191
Great Astronomical Clocks of Medieval China, The 199n.40
Great Britain
Battle of the Tennis Court against Japanese 161n.31
embassy in World War II-era Chongqing 74–81
response of, to founding of People’s Republic of China 234n.49 Great Canon of the Yongle Emperor’s Era, The (Yongle dadien) 183n.36
Great Leap Forward economic plan, People’s Republic of China 243
Great Wall 13031, 132
Guangdong Province, China 148, 164
Guang Wei (Joseph Needham’s driver) 106
Guangzhou, China 54
Guanyin (Buddhist goddess) 162
Guan Zi 46–7
guerrilla industries, Chinese 116–18
Guild of Saint Luke 20
Gujin tusbu jicheng 182
gung ho, origin of phrase 117
Gung Ho cooperatives 118–19 218
gunpowder, Chinese 95
Guo Moruo (scientist), role in accusing United States of biological warfare 210–12
Gutenberg, Johannes 226
Gwynne-Vaughan, Helen 154
gymnosophy, Joseph Needham’s interest in 23–4
Haldane, J. B. S. 22n.1
Haloun, Gustav 46–7
Han Dynasty 195
Hanzhong, China 114
Hardy, G. H. 71–2
Hardy, William Bate 20, 29, 175, 229
harness, Chinese breast-strap 191
Harrisson, Tom 34
Hay, John 8
Hedin, Sven 77
Herbert, A. P. 33
Hexi corridor 130
Hill, A. V., criticism of Joseph Needham due to his biological warfare report 217
Hills of Singing Sands 134
Hinshelwood, Cyril 232
HMS Amethyst incident 148n.29
Hogg, George 76n.15
on Rewi Alley 121
trek with displaced Chinese children 122n.24, 132n.27
Holorenshaw, Henry (Joseph Needham pseudonym) 53, 52n.11
Holst, Gustav 31
homosexual civil rights, Joseph Needham’s support for 236, 242
Hong Kong 148, 155
hookah, Joseph Needham’s 241n.52
Hoover, Herbert 176
Hopkins, Barbara 22
Hopkins, Frederick Gowland (‘Hoppy’) 21–2, 22–3, 36–7, 38, 39
horticulture, Chinese 68–9
Hua, Dr 71
Huainanzi encyclopedia 192
Huang, Lettice 84
Huang Hsing-tsung ‘H. T.’ 86–91
excerpts from writings by 87–8, 88
on northwestern China expedition with Joseph Needham 107, 114, 130, 146, 147
on Sichuan River trip 89–96
on southeastern China expedition with Joseph Needham 149, 150, 153, 156, 157–60
Huangpu River 49
Hummel, Arthur 232
Huxley, Julian 33, 61, 185
formation of UNESCO and role of 168, 170, 172
hydraulics, Chinese 109–13
Ignatiev, Semen 220
Important Matters of the Jade Chamber 199
Indusco 117–18
industry in World War II era, China 116–18
Inn of the Sixth Happiness, The (Aylward) 122n.24
Institute of History, Lizhuang, China 94
Intelligence Research Department, British Foreign Office 216–17
International Folk Dance Congress (1934) 32
International Physiological Conference (1954) 225
International Red Cross 210
International Science Commission 210, 218, 229
inventions, Chinese see also Appendix I
abacus 71–2
botany and horticultural 64, 68–9, 161–2
bridges 12, 125–6, 192–3
callipers 194
ceramics 124
chain drive 192
chess (game), Chinese xiangqi 194–5
compass, Chinese magnetic 101, 190, 193
fishing reel, Chinese 193
gimbals 193
gunpowder, Chinese 95
harness, breast-strap 191
iron, cast and wrought 191–2
kite 193
mathematics 71–2
plough and mould-board 190
printed books 105–6, 136, 143–4, 183
puddling technique, iron 191–2
pump, square-pallet chain 192
rain gauge 188
rate of 195
rudder, sternpost 193
spinning wheel 193
star charts 143, 273–4
stirrup 195
surveyors’ marks 195–6
toilet paper, perfumed 194
type, movable 183
umbrella 193
wheelbarrow 193
iron, Chinese cast and wrought 191–2
irrigation projects 110–13
Isherwood, Christopher 116
Islam in China 123
Japan 50, 56–7
attacks on Chongqing by 4–5, 80
Battle of the Tennis Court against Britain 161n.31
biological experiments conducted on Chinese prisoners by 209, 222
invasion and occupation of China by 8, 48–51, 53–4, 67, 80–83, 116, 148–52, 161
Joseph Needham’s expedition to Fuzhou and danger of approaching of troops 149–52, 155, 157–60
Jialing House 164
Jialing River 79
Jiang Jie 93
Jianxi, China 164
Jiao Yu (scholar) 206
Jiayuguan, China 131, 132
Jinghua University Radio Research
Institute 102
Jiuquan space centre, China 274–5
Johnson, Lyndon 240
Johnson, Reginald, tutor of last Chinese emperor, Pu Yi 259
Jordan-Lloyd, Dorothy 22
Kaczynski, Ted (‘Unabomber’) hears Joseph Needham lecture (1978) 247–8
Kelly, William 192
Kennedy, Robert ‘Bobby’ 223, 240
Khrushchev, Nikita 220, 221–2
Kim Il Sung 221
King, Gordon 86
King, Martin Luther, Jr 240
kite, Chinese 193
Knatchbull-Hugessen, Hughe Montgomery 51
Koo, Wellington 61
Korean War
accusation against US of biological warfare during 206–19
final report (1952) on 214–16
Joseph Needham joins team to investigate 210–16
Joseph Needham’s hostile reception from press and US authorities 215–19
Joseph Needham’s reputation damaged for investigating 222–3, 228
role of Soviets in 211, 219–22
Khnert, Franz, on Chinese astrology 273
Kunming, Yunnan Province, J. Needham’s visit to 64–74
Labour Party, British 33
Lam, Mary 254
Lansbury, George 33
Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China 125 126–9, 146, 164
Lascelles, Alan 204
Laski, Harold 33
Last Emperor, The (film) 259n.54
Lattimore, Owen 145
Lawrence of Arabia ( T. E. Lawrence) 118
Ledo Road 82
Left Book Club 51–2
Lendrum-Vesey, W. T. 19
Leonardo da Vinci 226
Levellers political movement 52n.11
Liao Hongying 108, 129
marriage to Derek Bryan, and advocacy work for China 147–8, 235
Liberation Movement, Chongqing 264
Li Bing 110, 111–12, 113
Lieber, Alfred 203
Li Jun (engineer) 193
Lin Sen 110
Lin Yutang 48
Li Xinheng 126
Li Yue-se (Joseph Needham’s Chinese name) 41, 43, 245, 127n.26
Lizhuang, China 94–5