81 Yoshida Mitsuru, Chinkon Senkan Yamato (Ködansha, 1974); Teitoku Itö Seiichi no Shögai (Bungei Shunjüsha, 1977); Senchü-ha no Shisei-kan (Bungei Shunjüsha, 1980).
10 Everyday Life during the War
82 Longmate, N., How We Lived Then (London, Arrow Books, 1971).
Nagai Kafü, Danchötei Nichijö, 7 vols (Iwanami, 1980-81).
83 Ibaragi, N. Ibaragi Noriko Shishü (Shichösha, 1969).
84 Makise Kikue (ed.), Kutsumi Fusako no Koyomi (Shisö no Kagakusha, 1975).
85 Nakamura Tomoko, Yokohama Jiken no Hitobito (Tabata Shoten, 1979; rev. ed., 1980).
Fujita, C, Mimasaka, T., and Watanabe, K. Genron no Haiboku (San-ichi Shobö, 1959). Rev. ed. published under the title Yokohama Jiken (Nihon Editor School Press, 1977).
11 As Victims of Atomic Bombs
86 Matsuura Sözö, Senryöka no Genron Danatsu (Gendai Journalism Shuppankai, 1969).
87 Feis, H., The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II (Princeton University Press, rev. ed., 1966).
88 Liddell Hart, B.H. History of the Second World War (London, Cassell, 1970).
89 Guillain, R. La Guerre au Japon (Editions de Stock, 1979).
90 Lifton, R., Reich, M., and Katö, S. Nihonjin no Shisei-kan, 2 vols (Iwanami, 1977), published in English as Six Lives, Six Deaths (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1979).
Öe Kenzaburö, Hiroshima Nöto (Iwanami, 1965), trans, as Hiroshima Notes (Tokyo, YMCA Press, 1981).
Nagaoka Hiroyoshi, Genbaku Minshü-shi (Fubaisha, 1973, and Miraisha, 1977).
91 Hara Tamiki, Hara Tamiki Zenshü, 3 vols (Haha Shoten, 1965-69).
92 Ibuse Masuji, Kuroi Ame (Shinchösha, 1966), trans, as Black Rain, J. Bester (trans.) (Kodansha International, 1969).
93 Öta Yöko, Shikabane no Machi (Töka Shobö, 1950). Öta Yöko Shü, 4 vols (San-ichi Shobö, 1982).
94 Hotta Yoshie, Shinpan (Iwanami, 1963).
95 Iida Momo, Amerika no Eiyü (Kawade Shobö Shinsha, 1965).
12 The End of the War
96 Ueda Hiroshi, Genshirin no Yajü to Tomoni (Hotaka Shobö, 1959).
Nozoe Kenji, Hanaoka Jiken no Hitotachi (Hyöronsha, 1975).
97 Tsurumi, S., Oda, M., and Kaikö, T. (eds), Hansen no Ronri (Kawad Shobö, 1967).
98 Yanagi Muneyoshi Zenshü, vol. 15 (Chikuma Shobö, 1981).
99 Öe Kenzaburö, Okinawa Nöto (Iwanami, 1970).
100 Sumiya Kazuhiko, Nansei Shotö no Kami Kannen (Miraisha, 1977).
Shinkawa Akira, Shin Nantö Fudoki (Daiwa Shobö, 1978)
101 Betonamu ni Heiwa o Shimin Rengö (ed.), Shiryö Beheiren Undö, vol. 1 (Kawade Shobö Shinsha, 1974).
102 Thompson, P. ‘A Story of England at War’, The Gazette, Montreal, Canada, 10 Nov. 1979.
103 Yamanaka Hisashi, Bokura Shokokumin, 5 vols (Henkyösha, 1974-79); Senchü Kyöiku no Uramado (Asahi Shinbunsha, 1979).
Nakane, M. Sokai Gakudo no Nikki (Chüö Köronsha, 1965).
Gekköbara Shögakkö (ed.), Gakudö Sokai no Kiroku (Miraisha, 1960).
Shibata Michiko, Tanima no Soko Kara (Toto Shobö, 1959).
104 Hidaka Rokurö (ed.), 1960 nen 5-gatsu 19-nichi (Iwanami, 1960).
105 Kanba Michiko, Hitoshirezu Hohoeman, ed. by Kanba Mitsuko (San-ichi Shobö, 1960).
106 Shibata Michiko, Hitosuji no Hikari (Asahi Shinbunsha, 1976).
107 ‘Kitayama Osamu, Sensö o Shiranai Kodomo-tachi (Buronzusha, 1971).
108 Öno Tsutomu, Statement at Shisö no Kagaku Kenkyükai Sökai, Aug. 1959.
109 Etö Jun, Möhitotsu no Sengo-shi (Ködansha, 1978); Wasureta Koto to Wasuresaserareta Koto (Bungei Shunjüsha, 1979).
Honda Shügo, ‘Mujöken Köfuku no Imi’, Bungei, Sept. 1978; ‘Etö Jun shi ni Kotaeru’, Mainichi Shinbun, 1 and 8 Sept. 1978, evening ed.
110 Takano Yüichi, ‘Mujöken Köfuku Ronso no Mondaiten’, Asahi Shinbun, 2 and 3 Oct. 1978, evening ed.
Matsui Yoshirö, ‘Söshitsu no Sengoshi to Sengoshi no Söshitsu’, Kagaku to Shisö, no. 38, Oct. 1980.
13 Looking Back
111 Hellman, Lillian, Scoundrel Time (Boston, Little Brown, 1976).
112 Odets, Clifford, Awake and Sing, 1935; Golden Boy, 1937.
113 Miller, Arthur, Death of a Salesman, 1943; The Crucible, 1953.
114 Trumbo, Dalton, The Brave One, 1956; Johnny GotHis Gun, 1971.
115 Hammett, Dashiell, The Maltese Falcon, 1930; The Thin Man, 1932.
116 Norman, E. H. The Complete Works of Norman (Iwanami, 1977-78).
Taylor, Charles, Six Journeys; A Canadian Pattern (House of Anusi Press, 1977).
Banba Nobuya, Identity no Kokusai Seijigaku (Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1980).
117 Almond, Gabriel A. The Appeals of Communism (Princeton University Press, 1954).
118 Kita Ikki Chosakushü, 3 vols (Misuzu Shobö, 1972).
Gondö Seikei Chosakushü, 5 vols (Kokushoku Sensensha, 1972).
119 Ishikawa Sanshirö Chosakushü, 7 vols (Seidosha, 1978-79).
120 Itani Ryüichi, Hisen no Shisö (Kinokuniya Shoten, 1967).
121 Masaki Hiroshi, Chikaki Yori, 5 vols (Öbunsha, 1979).
Ienaga Saburö, Kenryoku-aku tono Tatakai (Sanseidö, 1971).
122 Kiryü Yüyü Hangunronshü (Shinsensha, 1969).
Kiyosawa Kiyoshi, Ankoku Nikki, 3 vols (Hyöronsha, 1970-73).
123 Tsuji Jun Chosakushü (Orion Shuppansha, 1970). Fukushima Jurö and Ökubo Hisao (eds), Daitöa Sensö Shöshi, 3 vols (Naigai Associates, 1981).
Fukushima and Ökubo (eds), Senjika no Genron, 2 vols (Naigai Associates, 1982).
Index
Abe Tomoji, 127
Aizen Tokumi, 45, 46, 126
Akamatsu Katsumaro, 9, 10
Akashi Junzö, 52
Akashi Mahito, 48–9
Aleutians, 80
Almond, Gabriel, 119, 131
Angara Society, The, 73
Animism, 21
Anti-bomb movement, 99–101
Anti-pollution movement, 101–2
Anti-Vietnam War movement, 106, 109–10
Aristocracy, post-Meiji, 6–7
Army of Justice against Foreign Invaders, 105
Asahi Newspapers, 36, 90, 95
Ashizu Uzuhiko, 124
Asia, Greater, 33–42
Aso Hisashi, 10
Association for the Study of Chinese Literature, 41
Association of New Men, 8, 9, 11, 21, 22, 62, 102, 120, 121
Atomic bombs, 84: anti-bomb movement, 98; not needed to force surrender, 109;'tested'on Japan, 98; victims of, 94–5, 102–3
Attu Island, 80
Ba Maw, 38, 126
Banba Nobuya, 131
Betrayal (uragiri), 13
Bikini Atoll, 98
Black markets, 85, 86
Bodyism, 31–2
Bolshevik Revolution, 8, 9, 62
Buddhism, 42, 51
Burma, 38, 40: fall of 84
Cary, O. 124
Chamberlain, Basil Hall see Hall Chamberlain, Basil
Children: evacuation, 110, 112; mistrust of adult leaders, 111, 113; post-war, 113–14; raised under occupation, 110–13; tenkö of, 110–11
China: justification of invasion, 30; see also Manchurian Incident and Sino-Japanese War
'China Incident', 37
China Question Research Group, 34
Chom San see Ko Sa-myong
Christianity: Gotö gospel, 43–5; hidden Christians, 43–5; Watchtower Society, 46–50
Chüö Köron, 35, 54, 90
Churchill, Sir Winston, 97
Chüshingura, 18–19
Chüshingura Syndrome, 19
Comintern, 62, 63, 67
Communist Party/Communists, 10, 20, 62; anti-bomb movement and, 100; formation, 65; samuraization, 68; separation-reunification theory, 63, 67; tenkö, 63–4, 66, 67, 119–20; Tomari Hotsprings Conference, 91–2
Confessa, Thomas, 39
Conscientious objection, 48
Constitutional
monarchy, 25
Conversion (kaishin), 13
Culture: insularity and, 17; tradition, 15
Decency, 117, 123
Defection (ridatsu), 13
Deguchi Wanisaburö, 51
Democratie Socialist Party, 65
Dore, Ronald, 7, 124
Earthquake, Great Kanto, 54
East Asian Federation, 34
Economie animalism, 32
Economie recovery, 106
Education: examination system, 26, 27; western, 24; see also Children and Students
Eisenhower, President Dwight D. 111
Elite culture, 15–16
Emperor: as locus of nothingness, 67; declaration of surrender, 104; elder statesmen and, 26, 27; in post-war democracy, 18; organ theory of, 29; protecting interests of nation, 10; socialism with respect for, 10; sovereignty theory, 20; unbroken line of heavenly origin, 23, 24, 25, 28
EtöJun, 113, 114, 131
Etorofu Island, 74
Europeanization, 24–5
Examination system, 7–8
Excrement, literary motif of, 57
Featherstone, Ralph, 106–7
Federation, East Asian, 34
Federation of Labour Unions, 101
Feis, Herbert, 130
Fifteen Years' War, 2, 24, 37, 100, 124; Christian criticism of, 46, 50; discomfort with memory of, 76;eventsof, 45; influenceon writers, 58; opposition of lower classes, 50, 51; refusal of glorification, 46; support from large religious organizations, 46, 51; see also Pacific War and Sino-Japanese War
First Irkutsk Prisoners Camp, 73
Five Family Group, 89
Folk Art Movement, 51, 58
Forced labour: Chinese, 106; Korean, 56, 66
Fujita, C. 129
FujitaShözö, 125
Fukuda Keiji, 129
Fukumoto Kazuo, 11, 12, 21, 67
Fukushima Jurö, 131
Fukuzawa Yukichi, 33
Gekköbara Shögakkö, 130
Gendai Bungaku, 113
Germany, link with, 78, 79
Gilbert Islands, 80
Glorious Self-destruction, 75–84
Gondö Seikyö, 121
Gonin-gumi, 88
Gotö gospel, 43–5
Gotö Ryünosuke, 34
GotöShöjirö, 53
Great Britain: compared with Japan, 85, 89; declaration of war, 31
Great East Seminary, 105
Great KantoEarthauake, 54
Great Treason Incident, 54, 63
Greater Asia, 33–41
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 34, 41, 67, 102
Greater East Asia Congress, 38
Greater East Asia War see Fifteen Years' War
Greater East Asia Writers' Congress, 56, 57
Groves, General, 98
Guadalcanal, 80
Guillain, Robert, 98, 100, 130
Gyokusai see Glorious Self-destruction
Hall Chamberlain, Basil, 2
Hammett, Dashieil, 117, 131
Hanaya Tadashi, 77
Handa Kiyoteru, 128
Haniya Yutaka, 128
Hara Tamiki, 103, 130
Harada Kumao, 125
Hasegawa Shirö, 129
Hashikawa Bunzö, 125
Hashimoto Sanai, 5
Hayashi Saburö, 30, 126
Hayashi Tadao, 129
Hearn, Lafcadio, 2
Hellman, Lillian, 115, 123, 131
Hidaka Rokurö, 131
Hidden christians, 43–5
Hiradate Toshio, 91
Hirano Ken, 128
Hiroshima, 84, 94, 95, 96
Hitler, Adolf, 78
Hitonomichi movement, 51
Hökötenkan, 11
Holiness sect, 46, 50
Honda Shügo, 113, 124, 125, 131
Honjö Shigeru, 29
Honourable death see Glorious Self-destruction
Hosokawa Karoku, 91–2
Hotta Yoshie, 103, 130
House Un-American Activities Committee, 115–16
Huang Chun Ming, 129
Ibaragi, N. 129
Ibuse Masuji, 103, 130
Ideological conversion, 13
Ienaga Saburö, 129, 131
Iida Momo, 102, 130
Ikeda, A. 127
Ikeda Hayato, 112
Ikeda Katsumi, 12, 125
Ikeda Yasaburö, 125
Imperial Rescripts, 26–7
Imperial Rule Assistance Association, 31, 35, 46, 69, 89
Imperial Rule Assistance Election, 31
Imported culture, 15–16
Inagaki, M. 127
Independence, 40–1
Indigenous culture, 15–16
Inoki, M. 124
Inoue Kiyoshi, 126
Inoue Mitsuharu, 55
Inoue Yasushi, 55
Institute of Pacific Relations, 118
Insularity, 120, 121, 122
Ishidö Seirin, 124
Ishikawa Sanshirö, 121
IshikawaTakuboku, 54, 127
Ishiwara Kanji, 34, 37, 76, 77
Ishiwara Yoshirö, 129
Ishiwata Haruo, 9
Isolation, insularity due to, 17
Itagaki Seishirö, 77
ItagakiTaisuke, 53
Itani Ryüichi, 131
Ito Hirobumi, 24, 25
ItöSei, 125
ItöToshi, 129
Iwakura Tomomi, 6, 24
Iwanami publishers, 90
IwoJima, 80
Japan Communist Party see Communist Party/Communists
Japanese Peace Conference (1951), 105
Jiji News Agency, 90
Jinji Koshinroku, 124
KaiköTakeshi, 55, 130
Kaishin, 13
Kaizö, 90, 91
Kamikaze attacks, 96
KanSueharu, 128
Kan Takayuki, 41, 126
Kanba Michiko, 111, 131
Kaneko Kentarö, 24
Kang Tok Sang, 127
Kasahara Yoshimitsu, 126
Kashiwagi Gien, 121
KatoShüichi, 130
KawadaHisashi, 92
Kawada Sadako, 92
Kawai Eijiro, 69
Kawamoto Suemori, 76
Kazami Akira, 35
Kazan, Elia, 116
Khrushchev, Nikita, 66
Kido Köin, 6, 24
Kim Si-chong, 60, 128
KimTalsu, 60, 128
Kindai Bungaku, 64, 128
King, Admiral, 96
Kisaki Masaru, 54, 127
Kishi Nobusuke, 66, 88, 106, 111
Kiska Island, 80
Kitalkki, 41, 121
Kitayama Osamu, 131
Kiyosawa Kiyoshi, 131
Knole, Nathan, 47, 50
KoSa-myong, 61, 128
Koboyashi Takiji, 16
Koizumi Shinzö, 125
Kokutai see National structure
Komatsu Sakyö, 55
Konoye Fumimaro, Prince, 10, 25, 34, 35, 89
Korea: annexation, 53, 55; exporting pollution to, 102; Osaka Incident, 53
Korean Independence Movement, 58
Koreans: as novel characters, 55; contempt for, 55; contribution to literature, 56, 66; linguistic oppression, 56; massacre after Great Tanto earthquake, 54; occupation of Japan and, 59
Kösaka Kaoru, 126
Kuboyama Aikichi, 98
Kunashiri Island, 74
Kuomintan Party (of China), 10
Kuriles, 74
Kurobotoke sect, 45–6
Kutsumi Fusako, 88
Labour-Farmer Party, 67
'Ladder of civilization', 5, 53, 62
Language: imported, 56; Okinawan, 107–8
Leach, Bernard, 3, 58
Leahy, Admiral, 97–8
Liberal Organ Theory, 20
Liddell Hart, B. H. 78, 85, 114, 130
Lifton, R. 130
Linguistic oppression, 56, 107–8
Literature, 57
Liu Lian Ren, 106
Longmate, Norman, 85, 129
Lucky Dragon No. 5, 98
Lynching, 65
MacArthur, General Douglas, 39, 70
McCarthyism, 123
Maintenance of Public Order Act (1928), 11
Makiguchi Tsunesaburö, 51
Makin Island, 80
Makise Kikue, 129
Manchukuo, 10, 30, 34, 38, 76
Manchurian Incident (1931), 2, 10, 12, 30, 33, 37, 76–7
Manhattan Project, 98: see also Atom bombs
Mariana Islands, 80
Maruyama Masao, 28, 125
Masaki Hiroshi, 121, 131
Mass culture, 15–16
Matsui Yoshirö, 131
Matsumoto Kenichi, 41, 126
Matsumoto Seichö, 55
Matsuoka Yösuke, 126
MatsuuraSözö, 130
Middleclass complacency, 101
Midway Island, 80
Miki Tokuchika, 51
Military bases, 107, 109; see also Occupation
Miller, Arthur, 116, 131
Mimasaka, T. 129
Minobe Tatsukichi, 20, 29, 36
Minoda Kyöki, 28, 29, 126
Mitamura Shiro, 88
Miyauchi Isamu, 128
Miyazaki Ryüsuke, 9, 10
Miyazaki Toten, 41
Mori, M. 125
MorishimaMorito, 77, 129
Morita Shirö, 18, 125
Murakami, S. 127
Muramoto Kazuo, 48, 49, 50, 52, 127
Mutual Security Treaty, 111
Nabeyama Sadachika, 10, 88
Nagai Kafū, 86, 129
Nagano, Navy Chief of Staff, 79
NagaokaHiroyoshi, 130
Nagasaki, 84, 94, 95, 96
Naitö Konan, 58
Naka Kansuke, 60
Nakajima Makoto, 128
Nakamura Hajime, 45, 126
NakamuraTomoko, 92, 129
Nakane, M. 130
Nakano Shigeharu, 125
Nanbara Shigeru, 51
Nasser, President, 118
National isolation see Isolation
National structure, 80: glorious self-destructionto preserve, 81
Naturalism, 54
Navy, 80; suicidal methods, 81–3
Nazism, 78
Neighbour Associations, 93, 104, 120
Neumann, Sigmund, 124, 129
New Buddhist Youth League, 51
New Men see Association of New Men
Nihilism, 67
NihonHyōron, 90
Nimitz, Admiral, 80
Ninomiya Sontoku, 89
Nishida Kitarō, 67
Nishizawa Tomio, 91, 92
Nogi, General, 93
Norman, E. H. 90, 131
Nothingness see Nihilism
Nozoe Kenji, 130
Nuclear weapons see Atom bombs
Nuyama Hiroshi, 52
Occupation, 105, 106, 109: influence of E. H. Norman, 118; Koreans in Japan during, 59; suppression of A-bomb damage, 94–5