] f, [>]
relationship with European traders/fishermen, [>]–[>]
treatment of captives, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>] (n)
winter encampments, [>]–[>]
Malsom, [>]
mamanatowick (top chief), [>], [>]
Mamoho, [>]
manahatta (Manhattan Island, NY), [>], [>], [>]
Manahoac, [>]
manchonake (Isle of Wight, Gardiner’s Island, LI, NY), [>]
Maneddo, [>]–[>], [>]
Manissean, [>]–[>]
Manteo, [>]–[>], [>]
maps
General Tribal Territories of the Northeast, [>] f
General Tribal Territories of the Southeast, [>] f
Indian Trails of Pennsylvania, [>] f–87 f
Landscape of Tuscarora and Yamasee Wars, [>] f
Pennsylvania Frontier and Ohio County, [>] f–79 f
Travels of John Gyles, [>] f
Washington’s, Braddock’s, and Forbes’s Campaigns, [>] f
Wôbanakik: The “Maineland” Coast, ca. 1605, [>]
Marblehead, MA, fishing boats., [>]–[>], [>] (n)
mardarmeskunteag (Damariscotta River), [>] (n)
Maritimes, Maritime Peninsula, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] (n), [>] (n)
Markland (Labrador), [>]
Marlborough, MA, [>]
Marshall, Edward, [>]–[>]
Marten, [>]
Martha’s Vineyard, MA, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Martin, Paul S., [>]
Martin’s Hundred, VA, [>], [>]
Mary (queen), [>]
Mary and John (ship), [>]
Maryland colonists, [>]–[>], [>]
Mascouten, [>]
Mashantucket, CT, [>], [>]
Mason, John, Jr., [>] f
Mason, John, Sr., [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
Massachusett (tribe), [>] (n)
Massachusetts Bay Colony, [>], [>], [>]. See also King Philip’s War; Pequot War; Puritans
Massachusetts coast
unpopulated land, [>]
Smith’s comments on, [>]
Massasoit, [>], [>], [>]
Massawomeck, [>], [>] (n)
Mather, Cotton
alliance with French, [>]
on intermarriage among, [>]
on punishment of Philip’s son, [>]
recounting of Hannah Duston’s story, [>]–[>]
on Satan’s appearance as Indian, [>]
sermon at Elizabeth Emerson’s execution, [>]
Mather, Increase, [>]
Matoaka (Pocahontas), [>], [>], [>]
Mattamuskeet, [>]
Mattawamkeag (Madahamcouit), ME, [>], [>]
Mawooshen, [>], [>], [>] (n)
Maxwell, Hu, [>]–[>]
McNallen, Stephen A., [>]
Meadowcroft Rockshelter, PA, [>], [>]
Medfield, MA, [>]
Meductic, NB, [>]–[>], [>] f, [>]
Memeskia (“La Demoiselle”; “Old Briton”), [>]
Memoirs of Major Robert Stobo of the Virginia Regiment, [>], [>], [>]
Memoirs of Odd Adventures . . .(Gyles), [>]
Menamesit, MA, [>], [>]
Merchant Adventurers of London, [>]
Merrell, James, [>]
Merrimack River settlements, [>]
Merrymeeting Bay, ME, [>]
Mesandowit, [>]
Messamouet, [>]
Metacom (Philip, “King Philip,” Metacomet). See also King Philip’s War
complaints about Praying Indians, [>]
insurrection by, [>]
as military leader, [>]–[>]
murder of, [>]
names given, [>]–[>] (n)
Native supporters and opposition to, [>]
Paul Revere’s portrait of, [>] f
relationship to Massasoit, [>], [>]
view of English, [>]
Mexican Inquisition, [>]–[>]
Mexico, [>], [>]
Miami (tribe)
alliance with French, [>], [>]
French and/or Indian attacks on, [>], [>]–[>] (n)
homeland, [>]
at Lancaster treaty council, [>]–[>]
reception of Céloron’s expedition by, [>]
relocations of, [>]–[>]
Miantonomi
alliance with the Bay Colony, [>], [>], [>]
capture and murder, [>]
efforts to influence English, [>], [>]–[>]
warnings about Pequot, [>]
Michif language, [>]
Michilimackinac, Roger’s Rangers at, [>]
migrations, Paleolithic, [>], [>]–[>]
Mi’kmaq (mi’k’makik)
early contact with Europeans, [>], [>]
epidemic among, [>]
homeland, [>]
relationship with Wapánahki, [>]
scalping of, [>]
trade with Europeans, [>], [>], [>]
treatment of captives by, [>]
Mingo
attacks on Pennsylvania settlers, [>]
at Lancaster treaty council, [>]–[>]
relationship with Croghan, [>]
relocations and removals, [>], [>]
Minion (ship), [>]–[>], [>] (n)
Minuit, Peter, [>]
Miranda, Angel de, [>]
missionaries, Spanish, [>]
mission Indians, [>]
Mission Santa Catalina de Guale, [>]
Mississippi Valley
development of complex social structures, [>]–[>]
Mississippian cultures, [>]
population collapse, [>]–[>]
Mohawk (kanien’kehá:ka)
adoptions by, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
alliance with English, [>]
alliance with New York settlers, [>]
denouncing of Teedyuscung, [>]–[>]
French and/or Indian attacks on, [>]–[>], [>] f, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
homeland, [>], [>]
inclusion in the Iroquois League, [>]
Maliseet fear of, [>]
negotiations with Palatine, [>]
role in Pequot war, [>]
tribute paid to, [>]
Mohegan
absorption of Pequot into, [>]
alliances with Connecticut River settlers, [>]
alliance with the Bay Colony, [>]
during attack on Mystic Fort, [>]–[>]
efforts to replace Tatobem, [>]–[>]
during King Philip’s War, [>], [>]
relationship with the English, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
relationship with the Narragansett, [>]–[>]
relationship with the Pequot, [>], [>] (n)
Monacan, [>]
Monckton Hall, PA, [>]
Monhegan Island, ME, [>], [>]
Monongahela (tribe), [>]
Monongahela River, [>], [>]–[>]
Mononotto, wife of, [>]
Montagnais (Innu)
alliance with French, [>] f
early contact with Europeans, [>], [>]
efforts to convert to Christianity, [>]
importance of beads to, [>]
spread of disease to, [>]
Montauk, [>]
Montcalm, Louis-Joseph de, [>], [>]
Monte Verde, Chile, [>]
Montour, Andrew (Sattelihu, Oughsara, Andrew Sattelihu, Henry Montour, André Montour)
background and affiliations, [>]–[>]
community-building efforts, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
on defeat at Fort Duquesne, [>]
diplomatic and military efforts, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
family life, [>]–[>], [>]–[>] (n)
as guide, [>]
as interpreter, [>]–[>], [>], [>]
as métis, [>]
mob anger against, [>]
names given and used by, [>]
relationship with Croghan, [>]
relationship with Ohio Indians, [>]
relationship with Pennsylvania assembly, [>]
rel
ationship with Strobo, [>]
unmarked grave, [>]
Montour, Louis Couc, [>] (n)
Montour, Madame (Elizabeth Couc; Catherine Montour), [>]–[>], [>], [>] (n)
Montours Reserve (Loyalsock Creek), NY, [>]
Montreal, Canada, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Moon of the Smelts, [>]–[>]
Moore, James, [>], [>]
Moore, James, Jr., [>]–[>]
Moravian settlers, [>], [>]
Morris, Robert Hunter, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]
Morton, Thomas, [>]–[>], [>] (n)
Moseley, Edward, [>]–[>]
Moseley, Samuel, [>]–[>]
Moses the Song, [>], [>]–[>]
mound builders, [>]–[>], [>]
Mount Hope, RI, [>]
mourning-warfare, [>]
Moxus, [>] (n)
Muddy River, ME, [>]
muhheakantuck (Hudson River), [>]
Munsee, [>], [>], [>] (n)
mussels, fresh water, [>] (n)
Mystic Fort, CT, [>], [>]–[>], [>] f, [>]
Na-Déné language, [>]
Nairne, Thomas, [>], [>]–[>]
Nameag (formerly Pequot), CT, [>]
Nansemond, [>]
Nanticoke, [>], [>], [>]
Nantucket, MA, [>]
Narragansett (tribe)
during attack on Mystic Fort, [>]–[>]
during attack on Weinshauks, [>]–[>]
depopulation of, [>]
efforts to redress Oldham’s murder, [>]–[>]
Great Swamp Fight, [>]–[>], [>] f
during King Philip’s War, [>]–[>]
Queen’s Fort, [>] (n)
relationship with the Dutch, [>]
relationship with the English, [>], [>]–[>]
relationship with Massachusetts Bay colony, [>], [>]
relationship with the Mohegan, [>]–[>]
relationship with the Pequot, [>], [>]
relationship with Plymouth colony, [>]–[>]
relationship with the Wampanoag, [>], [>]
sheltering of refugees by, [>]
squaw sachem among, [>] (n)
treatment of captives by, [>]
Narragansett Bay settlements, [>], [>]
Narragansett, RI, [>]
Nashaway (Nashua) river, NH, [>]
Nashaway Plantation, NH, [>]
Naskapi, [>], [>]
Natives. See also specific colonies and tribes
absence of rape among captives of, [>]
agricultural practices, [>], [>]–[>], [>] (n)
alliances and traditional enemies, [>]
arming of, [>]
assistance given Europeans, [>], [>]–[>], [>]
contempt for Europeans, [>], [>], [>]
conversion to Christianity, [>]
diplomacy, gifts and rituals in, [>]–[>], [>] (n), [>]
Europeanization of, [>]
intermarriage with white colonists, [>]
mass-uprising by, British fears of, [>]–[>]
mimicking of, among Puritan frontier settlers, [>]
names and languages, transcription challenges, [>]–[>]
oral traditions, [>]
Paleolithic forebears, [>]
population estimates/depopulation, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]
relocation/resettlement of, [>]–[>], [>]
resistance to European settlers, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]
self-reference by, [>] (n)
sham battles, [>] (n)
skrælings, [>]
slaughter of, [>]–[>]
terms used for, [>]–[>]
trade with Europeans, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
tribal politics and identity, [>], [>], [>]
view of land and land ownership, [>]–[>]
Nauset, [>] (n)
Navarro, Ginés, [>] (n)
n’dakina (Cowasuck homeland), [>]
Neff, Mary, [>], [>]–[>]
Neoheroka, [>]–[>]
neonaticide and stillborn children, [>] (n)
Netherlands/the Dutch
entrepreneurial approach, [>], [>]–[>]
as global power, [>]–[>]
King William’s War/Nine Years’ War, [>]
murder of Tatobem, [>]
relationship with English, [>]
relationship with Natives, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
settlements in North America, [>], [>]
territory controlled by, [>]–[>]
Neusiok, [>], [>]
New Amsterdam, [>]
New Baptists (“Dunkers”), [>]
New Bern, NC, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]
New Borns (Neugeborene), [>]
New Brunswick, [>]
New England. See also King Philip’s War; Seven years’ War
domination of English in, [>]
escalating conflicts with Natives in, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]
Indian policies, [>] (n)
Native depopulation, [>]–[>]
Native relocation to Wyoming Valley from, [>]
settlements, competition among backers, [>]
Newfoundland, Canada, [>], [>], [>], [>]
New France. See also Montour, Madame
concerns about English traders, [>]
conflicts with settlers in Virginia, [>]
cultural developments, [>]
at Easton grand council, [>]
fur trade, [>], [>]
government authority in, [>], [>], [>]
Indian policies, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>] (n)
intermarriage in, [>]
life in, appeal to English captives, [>]
negotiations with Iroquois, [>]
Ohio forts, Indian intelligence about, [>]
raids on New England from, [>]
Récollets and Jesuits in, [>]–[>], [>]
relationship with the Iroquois League, [>] f, [>], [>], [>]
relationship with Ohio Indians, [>]
Strobo’s imprisonment in, [>]–[>]
territory included in, [>]
troops commanded by, [>]
use of shallops in, [>]–[>]
New Hampshire settlements, [>]
New Harbor, ME, [>]
New Haven, CT, [>]
New Jersey, [>]
New Mooners (Neumondler), [>]
New Netherland, [>]–[>]
New Plimmoth, [>]
New Voyage to Carolina, A (Lawson), [>]
New York
attacks on Seneca, [>]
domination of Dutch, [>]–[>]
importation of Palatines to, [>]
Montour’s move to, [>]
soldiers from, at Will’s Creek, [>]–[>]
squabbles with Pennsylvania over, [>]
Niantic, [>]–[>], [>] (n)
Nichas, [>], [>]–[>]
Nicholson, Francis, [>]–[>]
Nine Years’ War, [>]
Nipmuc
attacks on English settlers, [>], [>]–[>]
during King Philip’s War, [>], [>], [>]
land settled by, [>] (n)
Nashaway village, [>]–[>]
as refugees, [>]
Wawaus (James Printer), [>]
winter encampments, [>]
Nipmuc Trail, [>]
Noank, CT, [>]
Noepe, Martha’s Vineyard, MA, [>]
Nolling, [>]
North America
estimated pre-contact population, [>] (n)
geography and natural history, [>]–[>]
human settlement of, [>]–[>]
North Carolina
Algonquian-speaking peoples, [>]
English settlements, [>]
European exploration, [>]–[>]
relationship with South Carolina, [>]–[>], [>]
Northkill Creek, PA, [>], [>]
Northwest Passage, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]
Norumbega, [>], [>]
Notre Dame Mountains, Canada, [>]
Nova Scotia, Canada, [>], [>]
Nutimus, [>]
Ogburn, Charlton, [>]–[>]
Ohio Company of Virginia, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]
Ohio country
appeal to Native refugees, [>], [>]
Logstown, [>]
map showing, [>]–[>] f
Montour land purchases in, [>]
move of Natives from, [>