Creativity, Inc., 140
Cullers, Kent, 15, 144–145
Curiosity, 211
Cuzzi, Jeff, 125–127
Cyclops project, 10, 65, 105–106, 123
Cyclops Report, 65–67, 105, 143, 176, 214
D
Dante, 210
Dark matter, 96, 149
Davies, Paul, 239
DeBoer, David, 15, 74, 200
Deep Space Network, 7, 143, 166, 170–171, 246
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 5, 251–253
Denver, John, 179, 180
DeVincenzi, Donald, 141–142
DeVorkin, David, 51
Diamond, Bill, 15, 220
Dish, The, 190
DNA, 168–169
Doppler effect, 7
Drake, Frank, 3, 7, 10, 15–16, 26, 56–63, 106, 125, 141, 151, 168–169, 184, 193
Drake equation, 7, 63–64, 152, 208–209
Dreher, John, 16, 182, 201–202
Druyan, Ann, 16, 149, 202, 243, 244
Duluk, Jay, 155–156
Duncan, John, 172
Dwarf galaxies, 51, 101
Dwarf star, 200, 219–221
E
Earth Speaks program, 246
ECHELON program, 77
Effelsberg Telescope, 137
Ehrmann, Max, 34
Einstein, Albert, 163
Ekers, Ron, 16, 190, 191
Electromagnetic radiation, 7, 52
Europa, 213
Europa Report, 213
Everitt, Francis, 163
Exobiology, 105–106, 175, 222–223
Exoplanets, 7, 88–89, 172, 207–226, 248, 254
EXPRES Project, 214, 215, 222
Extinction, 134–135
Extraterrestrial intelligence, 1–5, 23–26, 60–68. See also SETI
Extraterrestrial life, 88, 208, 235
Extremophiles, 7, 109, 207–226
F
FAST antenna, 249
Fast Fourier transform (FFT), 154
Fast radio burst (FRB), 100–102
Feed, 7, 94–97
Female scientists, 118–121, 224–226
Ferris, Timothy, 243
First SETI Protocol, 239
Fischer, Debra, 16, 214, 215, 222, 223
Fisk, Leonard, 165, 188
Follow-Up Detection Device (FUDD), 8, 192–194, 199–200
Fossils, 212
Foster, Jodie, 2, 6, 76, 81, 162, 205–206, 208
Fractalesque patterns, 212
Frail, Dale, 215
Frequency, 8, 26
Frequency of Earth-Sized Inner Planets (FRESIP), 217
Friis, Harald, 257
Friis, Inger, 257–258
G
Gamma rays, 53, 58–59
Garn, Jake, 17, 172–173
Garner, Donna, 108
Garner, Jack, 108
Gates, Bill, 75
Gender policies, 35–37, 43, 118–121, 185, 224–226
Gertz, John, 240–243
Goldin, Daniel, 17, 178, 188, 222
Gravity Probe B, 163
Green Bank observatory, 60–64
Green Bank Telescope, 1, 3, 8, 77, 125–129, 199–203, 248–249
Griffiths, Lynn, 155
Grinspoon, David, 238, 240
Grisham, John, 34
Gulkis, Sam, 17, 145–147, 177
H
Habitable zone, 8, 82, 217–219
Haines-Stiles, Geoffrey, 161
Handler, Philip, 134
Harp, Gerry, 17, 73–74, 121, 138, 154, 197, 203, 220
Hat Creek Radio Observatory, 8, 66, 69–74, 77–83, 89–91, 105–113, 121–123
Hawking, Stephen, 249
Hewlett, Bill, 184, 186, 188, 195, 197
High-Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS), 8, 9, 174–175, 181, 194. See also Microwave Observing Project
Horowitz, Paul, 249
Huntress, Wesley, 188, 222
Hydrostatic equilibrium, 70
I
Intelligent Life in the Universe, 55–56
Interstellar, 223
Interstellar communication, 59–60, 106, 123, 152, 169, 240, 246
Interstellar messages, 168–169, 240, 246–247
Interstellar travel, 25, 251–254
J
Jemison, Mae, 17, 251, 253–254
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 8–9, 139, 142–147, 166–167, 188
Jodrell Bank Observatory, 8, 145–147
Jordan, Jane, 177
Jorgensen, Susie, 84
Jupiter, 143, 213, 214, 243
K
Kapor, Mitchell, 187
Kelly, Kevin, 173
Kepler Space Telescope, 9, 81–82, 89, 215–217, 219–224
Kepler spacecraft, 215
King, Ivan, 51–52, 117–118
Korbitz, Adam, 242–243
Kuhi, Len, 52–53
L
LA Times, 174–175
Labeled Release Experiment, 211
Lea, Susan, 118
Li Yao, 227–228
Liddle, David, 71
Life-detection experiments, 211–212
Light-years, 9, 24, 27, 61, 70, 90, 100–101, 140, 220
Lilly, John, 63
Linscott, Ivan, 155–156
Lomberg, Jon, 243, 245
Lorimer, Duncan, 100–101
Lovell, Bernard, 8, 146–148
Lovell Telescope, 145–146
M
M dwarfs, 219–221
MacElroy, R. D., 210
Machtley, Ronald, 171
Manhattan Project, 46, 58, 253
Marcy, Geoff, 248–249
Mars, 59, 70, 150, 211–213, 230
Mars rovers, 211–212
Martian, The, 223
Masers, 2, 9, 144–147
Mass extinction, 134–135
McAuliffe, Christa, 179
McConaughey, Matthew, 205
McKay, David S., 212–213
McLaughlin, Maura, 100, 102
MeerKAT, 102–103
“Message from Earth,” 246
Messages, interstellar, 168–169, 240, 246–247
Messerschmitt, Dave, 155
Meteorites, 212–213
Methane environments, 106, 210, 213
METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), 9, 237, 242–243, 246. See also SETI
Microwave Observing Project (MOP), 9, 139, 162, 174–175. See also High-Resolution Microwave Survey
Mikulski, Barbara, 171, 173
Milner, Yuri, 6, 17, 247, 248
Mobile Research Facility (MRF), 9, 189–193, 199, 203
Monk, Greg, 129–130
Moore, Gordon, 9, 187, 195, 197
Moore’s law, 9, 71
Mopra telescope, 10, 192–194
Morrison, Philip, 17, 58–63, 216–217
Mount Wilson Observatory, 156
Multichannel spectrum analyzer (MCSA), 143, 154
Murray, Bruce, 166
Murray, Elyse, 151
Myhrvold, Nathan, 71, 230
N
Nagel, Thomas, 169
Narrowband radio signals, 10, 60, 144
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 10, 23, 34, 48, 65, 140, 173. See also Ames Research Center; SETI Institute
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), 2, 10, 26, 61, 77, 100, 129–130, 193, 248
National Science Foundation, 43, 74, 108, 139, 153, 163, 189, 204
Nature, 60
Neller, Chris, 18, 202, 255
Neptune, 167, 243
New Horizons, 245
New York Times, 149, 169, 176–178, 181, 202
Obama, Barack, 246
Ögelman, Hakki, 41
Oliver, Bernard, 18, 62–65, 106, 151, 165, 167, 177–178, 181, 184–187, 197, 248
Oliver, Suki, 185–186
One Earth Message project, 245–246
One-Hundred-Year Sta
rship, 5, 247, 250–253
Opportunity, 211
Optical telescope, 53
Order of the Dolphin, 10, 63–64, 106
Ozma project, 3, 10, 60–64
P
Packard, Dave, 184, 186, 188, 195, 197
Papadopoulos, Greg, 71
Parkes Radio Telescope, 10, 100–101, 171, 190–195, 249
Pasteur, Louis, 159
Patton, Jody, 187
Pearman, J. Peter, 62–63
Peterson, Allen, 155
Peterson’s Left Leg, 154–155, 166–167
Phoenix project, 8–10, 72, 189, 197–204, 222, 249
Photometry, 215
Pierson, Tom, 18, 151–153, 183–184, 219
Pioneer 10, 167–169, 176, 194
Pluto, 70, 245
Poundstone, William, 60
Price, Mark, 191
Project Cyclops, 10, 65, 105–106, 123
Project Ozma, 3, 10, 60–64
Project Phoenix, 8–10, 72, 189, 197–204, 222, 249
Proxima Centauri, 219, 239, 250
Proxmire, William, 18, 138–139, 141–143
Pulsar, 215
Q
Quest for Contact, 161–162
R
Radio astronomers, 54, 99–102, 129, 145, 205
Radio astronomy, 1–2, 76–77, 99–100, 253
Radio frequency interference (RFI), 11, 145
Radio telescopes, 7, 11, 26, 43, 58–61, 66
Radio waves, 7, 11, 12, 53, 59–60, 76–77, 85–89
Randall, Karen, 80–81, 230
Raup, David, 135
Reason, 141
Receiver, 11
Red dwarfs, 221
Redshift, 11
Reykjalin, John, 143
Richards, Jon, 18, 74, 88–89
Roberge, Aki, 224
Ross, John, 189
S
Sagan, Carl, 2, 6, 18–19, 21, 55–56, 60, 63, 81, 134, 136, 142–143, 149–151, 202, 243–245, 250
Salpeter, Ed, 43–44, 46–48, 148
Salpeter, Miriam (Mika), 47–48
Saturn, 70, 143, 167, 213, 243
Schweizer, Linda, 52
Science, 143, 212
Scientist, The, 141
Seager, Sara, 222
Second SETI Protocol, 11, 239
Sepkoski, Jack, 135
SERENDIP projects, 11, 68, 72, 102, 105–108
SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence), 1–5, 23–26, 60–68. See also METI
SETI budget, 139–143, 151–152, 171–173, 178
SETI funding, 159, 162–164
SETI Institute, 1, 11, 34, 72–88, 97–112, 123–124, 139–144, 151–154
SETI Live, 11, 235–237
SETI Pioneers, 59, 61, 62
SETI Protocol, 7, 11, 239
SETI Quest, 12, 235
SETI Stars, 81
Sheaffer, Robert, 141
Shklovskii, Ivan, 55–56
Shostak, Seth, 19, 74, 202, 216, 220–221, 238, 245
Siemion, Andrew, 249
Signals, 181
Silk, Joe, 57, 112–113, 115, 118
Snowden, Edward, 77
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), 202
Space Sciences Laboratory, 134
Spectrometers, 52–53, 135, 145–146, 167
Spirit, 211
Sputnik, 251
Square Kilometre Array, 102–103
SRI International, 79–80, 94–96
Stanford Daily, 155
Starship program, 5, 247, 250–253
Steffes, Paul, 200
Struve, Otto, 62
Supernovas, 25, 54, 76, 99–100, 126, 140, 168, 215
T
Tams, Tim, 193, 194
Tarter, Bruce, 19, 40–43, 46–50, 54–57, 113–114
Tarter, Jill
background of, 1–11
cancer and, 196–198
career of, 66, 69–91, 93–103, 105–226
daughter of, 19, 50, 57–58, 113, 122, 125
early years of, 26–44
education of, 32–52, 55–56
life with Jack, 33–35, 44, 116–117, 123–131
lobbying efforts of, 162–164
marriage of, 42, 130–131
parents of, 15, 28–31, 36–37, 42, 197–199
retirement of, 73–74, 153–154, 208, 254–257
speeches by, 23–24, 229–235
Tarter, Shana, 19, 50, 57–58, 113–116, 122, 125, 130, 137, 157–158, 227–228
Tatel, David, 238
Tatel Telescope, 61
TED Talk, 229–235
Telescopes. See also specific telescopes
alien-hunting telescope, 93–103
optical telescope, 53
radio telescopes, 7, 11, 26, 43, 58–61, 66
Terzian, Yervant, 148
Thiomargarita bacteria, 210
Time, 62, 229
Titan, 213
Townes, Charles, 19, 249
Trimble, Virginia, 148
Trump, Donald, 241–242
Turnbull, Margaret, 19, 217, 219, 222–225, 255–256
U
Uranus, 243
V
Vaile, Bobbie, 193, 198
Vakoch, Douglas, 19, 169, 240, 243
Venera, 146–147
Venus, 136
Viking, 211
Von Braun, Wernher, 179, 180
Voyager, 143, 149, 243–245
W
Wavelengths, 12, 53, 59–60, 144
Webster, Larry, 170
Welch, Jack
background of, 19–20
career of, 66, 72–79, 87, 94–95, 105–113, 133–138
family of, 125, 137, 158–159, 229
life with Jill, 33–35, 44, 116–117, 123–131
marriage of, 130–131
Welch, Jeanette, 125, 137, 229
Welch, Leslie, 137, 229
Welch, Ruth, 158–159
Werthimer, Dan, 20, 72, 74, 79, 86, 102–103, 108, 248–249
WFIRST telescope, 222, 224
Wolszczan, Alexander, 215
Women scientists, 118–121, 224–226
Woodbury telescope, 199–203
Worden, Pete, 20, 23–24, 247
Wright, Shelley, 250
X
X-ray technology, 54, 59, 73
Z
Zaitsev, Alexander, 246
Zemeckis, Robert, 6, 204
Zuckerberg, Mark, 249
Zupan, Marty, 141
MAKING CONTACT
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Copyright © 2017 Sarah Scoles
First Pegasus Books edition July 2017
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