Weir, Alison, Elizabeth the Queen (Jonathan Cape, 1998)
White, Gillian, A Very Goodly Prospect (National Trust, 1997)
Williams, E. Carleton, Bess of Hardwick (Longmans, Green & Co., 1959)
Williams, Neville, All the Queen’s Men (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972)
Williams, Norman Lloyd, Sir Walter Raleigh (Cassell, 1988; first publ. Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1962)
Willson, D. H., King James VI and I (Jonathan Cape, 1955)
Wilson, D., Sweet Robin: A Biography of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 1533–1588 (Hamish Hamilton, 1981)
Wilson, T., The State of England AD 1600, ed. F. J. Fisher (Camden Society Miscellany, vol. IV, 1936)
Wilson, Violet A., Society Women of Shakespeare’s Time (1924)
Winwood, Sir Ralph, Memorials of the Affairs of State in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I (1725)
Worsley, Lucy, Hardwick Old Hall (English Heritage, 1998)
Picture acknowledgements
Lady Arbella Stuart at the Age of 23 Months, 1577. Hardwick Hall. National Trust Photograph Library/R. A. Wilsher. Background: detail of a man’s semi-circular cloak, slashed, pinked and embroidered, Italian, 1600–1620. V&A Picture Library.
Lady Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, British School, 1572. The Royal Collection © 2002, HM Queen Elizabeth II; Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and his Brother, Charles Stuart, Earl of Lennox, 1563. Holyrood House. The Royal Collection © 2002, HM Queen Elizabeth II; The Lennox Jewel (inside and front views), c. 1571–8. The Royal Collection © 2002, HM Queen Elizabeth II.
Chatsworth House, after an Elizabethan original, by Richard Wilson (1713/4–82). Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth. By permission of the Duke of Devonshire and the Chatsworth Settlement Trustees; Elizabeth Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury, c. 1590, attributed to Rowland Lockey. Hardwick Hall. National Trust Photographic Library/John Bethell; Mary, Queen of Scots, possibly by Rowland Lockey, 1578. Hardwick Hall. National Trust Photographic Library/Hawkley Studios; Gog and Magog, plasterwork overmantel at Hardwick Old Hall. English Heritage Photographic Library; the west staircase, Hardwick Old Hall. © English Heritage Photographic Library/Jonathan Bailey; needlework panel with ‘MA’ cypher and a cat by Mary, Queen of Scots. The Royal Collection © 2002, HM Queen Elizabeth II.
Queen Elizabeth Receiving the Dutch Ambassadors, c. 1585. Staatliche Museen, Kassel; Queen Elizabeth I by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, 1595. Burghley House Collection, Lincolnshire. © The Bridgeman Art Library; William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley attributed to Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, after 1585. © The National Portrait Gallery Picture Library; Young Man Amongst Roses (thought to be Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex) by Nicholas Hilliard, c. 1587. V&A Picture Library; Sir Walter Ralegh by Nicholas Hilliard, c. 1585. © The National Portrait Gallery Picture Library; Sir Francis Walsingham by John de Critz the Elder. © The National Portrait Gallery Picture Library.
Arbella Stuart, English school, 1589. Hardwick Hall. National Trust Photographic Library/John Hammond.
Front view of Hardwick Hall. National Trust Photographic Library/ Nick Meers.
View of the Hardwick Old Hall and the New Hall from across the valley to the east. © English Heritage Photographic Library; Long Gallery, Hardwick Hall. National Trust Photographic Library/Andreas von Einseidel; Hardwick Hall, entrance gate. © Arcaid/Richard Bryant; view of the Withdrawing Chamber, with the sea dog table in the foreground. Hardwick Hall. © Arcaid/ Richard Bryant.
Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset by William Larkin, 1615. Rangers’ House, Blackheath. © English Heritage Photographic Library; Walter Ralegh, attributed to William Segar, 1598. National Gallery of Ireland; Rainbow Portrait of Elizabeth possibly by Isaac Oliver, c. 1600. Hatfield House. Courtesy of the Marquess of Salisbury; Anne Cecil, Countess of Stamford, attributed to William Larkin, 1615. Ranger’s House, Blackheath. © Bridgeman Art Library.
James VI of Scotland and I of England by Paul van Somer, c. 1618. Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Fund/Bridgeman Art Library. Sir Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury by John de Critz the Elder, 1602. The National Portrait Gallery Picture Library; Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury, attributed to William Segar, 1596. Christie’s Images. © Bridgeman Art Library; Mary Talbot, The Countess of Shrewsbury, English School, 17th century. By permission of the Master and Fellows of St John’s College, Cambridge; London From Southwark, Dutch School, c. 1630. Museum of London.
Arbella Stuart (?), circle of Paul van Somer, by permission of the Marquess of Bath, Longleat House, Warminster, Wilts.
Except where otherwise stated the textile used as a background to some of these illustrations is a detail of a satin cushion cover embroidered with silk, metal thread and metal strip, English, c. 1600. © V&A Picture Library.
Black and white text illustrations
© Bridgeman Art Library: xvi: from The Panorama of London by Anthonis van den Wyngaerde, c. 1544. Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; 14: from the Book of Kings by Renold Elstrack, 1618. Private Collection; 38: Private Collection; 73: Private Collection; 243: Private Collection; © The British Library: 52 (778.c.3); © British Library, Department of Manuscripts (MS Harl. 7003 f. 71): 284; © British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings: 42: drawing by Federico Zuccaro, 1574; 121, 208, 281; The Trustees of the Chatsworth Settlement/Photo © The Courtauld Institute of Art: 276: Design for a naiad’s costume for ‘Tethys’ Festival’ by Inigo Jones; Crown Copyright/NMR: 86/7; Sir John Soane’s Museum/Photo © The Courtauld Institute of Art (B64/511A): 64; The Society of Antiquaries of London: 318: A True and Exact Copy of the Draught of the Tower Liberties Surveyd in the year 1597 by Hayward and Gascoyne; V&A Picture Library: 228: engraving, 1604, designed and published by Stephen Harrison, engraved by William Kip.
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Abrahall, Mrs (waiting gentlewoman), 111
Adams, Mrs (attendant on A), 19, 23, 383
Allen, William, cardinal, 139, 140
Anna of Denmark, queen consort: character, 286; in Scotland, 253, 262, 288; children, 286, 288, 301, 414; relationship with husband, 288, 289, 414; religion, 288; arrival in England, 253, 263, 285–6; relationship with A, 253–4, 270, 286, 289–90, 294, 331–2, 353–4, 357; coronation, 263, 265, 393; in Winchester, 271; gifts for, 282; masques, 284, 285, 311, 321, 341, 354; progress, 285–6; popularity, 288–9; household, 290; brother’s visit, 311; court at Somerset House, 320; Ralegh’s appeal, 395; Greenwich palace, 414; death, 440
Anne Boleyn, queen of Henry VIII, 36, 54, 82, 393
Anna Cathrine, queen of Christian IV of Denmark, 312
Arbella Stuart: birth, 39, 41; christening, 45; childhood, 46–7, 52–6; 57–8; 69, 70–1, 72–77; father’s death, 47–8; mother’s death, 53–5; education, 55, 56, 73–6, 79, 97, 120, 145, 174–5, 295; marriage possibilities, 67–8, 96, 97–8, 102, 105, 108–9, 111, 118, 152, 158–9, 169–70, 172, 183–4, 301–3, 324–8; presentation at court, 91–7; Greenwich court visit, 102, 103–5; sent away from court, 103, 106–7; journey south, 111–12; at court, 113–18; life in Derbyshire, 119–23, 145–6, 155–7, 172–8; Catholic plot rumours, 124, 137; marriage proposal, 183–9; Brounker’s visit and interrogation, 181–3, 189–92; Exposition (1603), 209–11, 222; attempted escape from Hardwick, 229, 230–8, 418; James’s accession, 245–9; at Wrest Park, 225–6, 258; Elizabeth’s funeral, 256–7; meeting with James, 258–61; at Sheen, 261; at court, 263; plots involving, 267–9, 273–80; life at court, 269–72, 281–86, 290, 294, 296; dedications to, 295; influence at court, 296–7; at Hardwick again, 299; Gunpowder Plot, 305–6; Bess’s death, 314; Blackfriars house, 316, 319–20; journey north, 321–3; suppression of play, 327–8; first meeting with William, 331; betrothal, 332–4, 337–9, 385; examination by James, 338–9; marriage plans, 340; in Tethys masque, 341; marriage, 18, 343–5; impr
isonment at Lambeth, 346, 349; interrogation, 347; petition, 351; question of pregnancy, 353, 359, 447; Durham imprisonment ordered, 359; journey north, 362–8; escape plans, 364, 368, 369–70; flight, 17–23, 370, 377–8; re-capture, 24–5, 378; in Tower, 136, 379–80, 381–2, 392–3, 395–6, 401–2, 411; interrogation in Tower, 385, 387–8; allegations against Mary Talbot, 414–19; Waad’s dismissal, 420–21; death, 434–5; post mortem, 435; funeral, 435–6; tomb, 472;
FINANCES: debts, 262, 323, 327; escape funds, 368, 399; gifts from Bess, 175; gifts from James, 327, 340; impost, 283; income at court, 307, 309; inheritance, 48–52, 109; James’s promises, 324, 327, 339; jewels, 51–2, 19, 175, 178, 399–400, 413, 424, 429; lawsuits, 315–16; mother’s dowry, 63, 175; pension, 52, 55, 111, 175, 262, 283, 300, 327, 340; petition to James, 315; petitions to Cecil, 307, 323–4; Tower imprisonment, 398–400;
HEALTH: explanations for her distraction, 213, 247, 420; illness in 1595, 149; madness reports, 176, 199, 213, 247, 419–20; measles, 298; porphyria, 213–14, 256, 262, 353, 419, 430, 432, 463–7; self-starvation, 212–13, 434, 435; smallpox, 321; in Tower, 388, 419–20, 425, 426, 427–34;
LETTERS: of appeal, 361; appearance of, 9–10; to Bess, 102, 199–201; to Brounker, 216; 221–3, 225–9; to Cecil, 204, 262–3, 307, 323, 361; to Christian IV, 312; to Elizabeth, 192, 196–7; to Gilbert, 269–70, 272, 279–80, 281, 283, 284, 289–90, 290–1, 294, 296, 297–8, 299, 300, 301, 315–16; from Hardwick, 199–206; to Henry, 303; intercepted, 193–4, 272; to James, 355–7, 367; to Mary Talbot, 193, 269–70, 272–3, 279, 290, 298; survival of, 134; letter to William, 357–8;
PERSON: appearance, 174; character, 57, 73, 74, 150, 174–5, 259, 261; dress, 87–90, 117, 118, 413; education, 55, 56, 73–6, 79, 97, 120, 145, 174–5, 295; embroidery, 73, 79–80, 172, 230; lutenist, 312; name, 39–40; portraits, 46–7, 89, 108, 111, 116, 476–8, 479; religion, 128–9, 131, 172, 306, 326, 415;
ROYALTY: ancestry, 41–2, 144–5; claim to throne, 73, 91, 97–8, 101, 124–5, 138, 147–8, 149–50, 168–72; parents’ marriage, 31, 44
Arundel, Lady Alethea Howard (Talbot), countess of: medical recipes, 78–9; house, 320; children, 322; at court, 341; Clifford case, 411; exile, 439–440; embroideries, 475–6
Arundel, Thomas Howard, second earl of, 78, 440
Arundel family, 129
Ascham, Roger, 74, 75, 88
Asheton, Sir Richard, 297
Aubrey, John, 439
Babington, Anthony, 82, 382
Bacon, Anthony, 137
Bacon, Francis: employment by Essex, 132, 137, 141–2, 151; on Elizabeth, 139; on building, 154; A’s causes, 315, 408–9
Baisley, John, 383
Balis (earl of Shrewsbury’s man), 383
Barlow, Robert, 59
Barnes (informer), 129, 138
Barratt, Mary, 447
Bawden, Thomas, 392
Beale, Robert, 72
Beauchamp, see Seymour
Beaulieu, James, 332
Beaumont, de (French ambassador), 215
Beaumont, Francis, 310, 327
Bedford, Lucy Russell, countess of, 290
Bentivoglio, Guido, 406
Bess of Hardwick, see Shrewsbury
Blount, Sir Michael, 144
Bogdan, Stephen, 325–6, 327–8
Boss, Jeffrey, 466
Bowes, Isabel, Lady, 323
Bowyer, Sir William, 400
Bradshaw, Mrs (A’s gentlewoman), 343, 349,, 353, 372, 383, 418
Brandon, Eleanor, 464
Brett, Richard, 295
Bright, john, 22, 23
Bromley, Sir Henry, 254
Brooke, George, 267, 273, 276, 279, 280
Brounker, Sir Henry: career, 190; at Hardwick, 181–2, 189–2, 194–5, 209–11, 215–17, 230, 234–7, 239–40; reports, 188, 189–90, 245, 246, 350, 418; Exposition, 209–11, 222; A’s letters, 216, 221–3, 225–9; Chaworth’s mission, 234–5
Brystone, John, 142
Bull, Thomas, 420
Burghley, William Cecil, Lord: house, 41, 92–4, 474–5; master of the wards, 49; on Hertford marriage, 358; correspondence, 32–3, 35, 54, 55–6, 64, 102, 120, 123, 129, 230; imprisonment of Mary, 39, 66, 81, 94; on court, 87; Lennox jewels, 109; influence, 114, 131, 139, 147–8; sources of intelligence, 137, 151; on Holdenby, 154; death, 160
Burton, Robert, 150, 177, 214
Byron, Sir john, 166, 188, 349–50
Byron (Biron), Margaret, 188, 291, 343, 349–50
Camden, William, 51
Carey, Sir Robert, 241
Carleton, Sir Dudley: on A, 273, 346, 347, 354; on Cobham, 276; on Cecil, 278; on masque, 285; on court dress, 310; on William, 346, 347, 405
Carlos, Don, 433
Carr, Bridget, 235
Carr, Robert, 296, 309, 368, 421, 422–3, 431, 438
Catesby, Robert, 305
Catherine Parr, queen of Henry VIII, 197
Cavendish, Anne (Keighley), 157, 178
Cavendish, Charles: relationship with stepfather, 61, 63; denial of rumours, 67; children, 73; on Theobalds, 94; on A, 94–5, 96; on Ralegh, 96; journey south, 112; Bolsover household, 121, 471; religion, 127; Stanhope quarrel, 140–1; masquerade story, 253; relationship with A, 296, 298; on sister’s imprisonment, 388, 394, 400; descendants, 447
Cavendish, Charles (son of the above), 73
Cavendish, Christian (Bruce), 315
Cavendish, Grace (Talbot), 64, 71, 477
Cavendish, Henry: marriage, 63–4, 71; orchestra, 122; relationship with A, 187, 203–4, 296; A’s escape plan, 230–3, 235–6, 418; questioning, 235, 273, 278; death, 469
Cavendish, Margaret, duchess of Newcastle, 77, 335
Cavendish, Michael, 74, 173
Cavendish, Sir William, 35, 59, 343
Cavendish, William (son of the above), first earl of Devonshire: relationship with stepfather, 61, 63; at Hardwick, 64, 157; denial of rumours, 67; journey south, 112; children, 157; inheritance, 175, 469; household, 207; Brounker’s visits, 182, 216–17; relationship with A, 217, 296, 299, 300, 315; titles, 299–301, 430; son’s marriage, 315; descendants, 447
Cavendish, William (son of the above), second earl of Devonshire, 157, 315
Cavendish, William (son of Charles), duke of Newcastle, 73, 77, 121, 443
Cavendish family, 73, 121, 141, 447
Cecil, Robert (Viscount Cranborne, earl of Salisbury): relationship with Gilbert, 79, 168–9, 193, 270, 314, 407–8; influence, 114, 132–3, 151, 408; relationship with Essex, 132–3, 151, 168–9, 268; intelligence network, 137, 139–40, 151; succession question, 159–60; master of the wards, 163; Essex rebellion, 164, 248; agreement and correspondence with James, 167–8, 171, 193, 206–7; questioning of Dodderidge, 189; rumours about, 193; on Hertford, 195; on Starkey, 207; interrogations of A, 215–16; queen’s last illness, 218; on A’s letters, 221; instructions to Brounker, 235, 236–7; instructions to Bess, 247; conspiracy theory, 247–9; proclamation of James’s accession, 242; relationship with A, 249, 261, 263–3, 274–5, 278, 282, 307, 253, 408; influence over James, 257, 293, 309–10; conspiracies discovered by, 267–8, 227–8; on court life, 270, 293; Gunpowder Plot, 305–6; finances, 309–10; New Exchange opening, 320; parliamentary negotiations, 347; on A’s petition, 351, 353; enquiry into A’s marriage, 358; A’s letter to, 361; A’s re-capture, 378; letters to ambassadors, 384; on William, 403–4; death, 407–8
Cecil, Thomas, second Lord Burghley, 242
Chamberlain, John: on Beauchamp, 243; on Cecil, 278; on James, 302–3; on masques, 311; on Thames, 313; on A, 315, 325, 326, 327, 420, 424–5; on Mary Talbot, 410; on William, 428
Chandos, Lady (Frances), 368
Chapman, George, 295
Charles I, king: childhood, 341; prince of Wales, 411, 441; policies, 442, 448; Essex letter, 445; trial and execution, 336, 444–5, 479
Charles II, king, 121, 336, 443, 444, 445, 446
Châteauneuf, M. and Mme de, 85, 99
Chatsworth, 35, 52, 59, 60, 63, 64, 469, 471
Chaworth, Sir George, 217–18, 225, 234–5, 314, 447
Christian IV, king of Denmark, 308, 311–12, 424–5
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, earl of, 334, 442, 445
Clifford, Lady Anne, 174, 242, 255, 256–7, 291, 293, 411, 434, 439
Clinton, Lady Arbella, 447–8
Cobham, Henry Brooke, eighth Lord: religion, 254; rumours about, 257; on A, 259–60; Main Plot, 267–8, 276–7, 401; reprieve, 280; in Tower, 306, 401
Cobham, Lady, 87
Cockett, Griffen, 24, 378
Coke, Sir Edward, 144, 274, 360, 450
Coke, Thomas, 297
Collinson, Patrick, 118
Condé, prince de, 171
Conference about the Next Succession, 142–5, 147, 257–8
Constable, Henry, 426
Conyers, Mr (in East Barnet), 365, 368
Cope, Sir Walter, 307
Corvé, Tassin (Captain), 21, 22, 24, 383, 399
Critz, John de, 476
Croft, Sir James, 365, 366–7, 383
Croft, Pauline, 149
Crompton, Hugh: accounts, 322, 429; at A’s wedding, 343; imprisonment, 350; A’s escape, 20, 364, 368; arrest, 383, 384; in Tower, 424; career, 441
Cromwell, Oliver, 336, 446
Cromwell, Sir Oliver, 361
Cromwell, Richard, 446
Cromwell, Thomas, 399
Cumberland, Margaret Clifford, countess of, 255, 434
Cutpurse, Moll, 22
Cutting, Francis, 312
Daniel, Samuel, 284, 457
Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord: family, 32, 47; character, 47; marriage, 32, 37, 134, 391; portrait, 33; death, 37, 44; mother’s tomb, 50, 51, 474
Dekker, Thomas, 239–40, 317–18
Denbigh, Robert Dudley, Lord, 67
Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, fifth earl of (earlier Lord Strange), 124, 147
Derby, Margaret Stanley (Clifford), countess of, 101
Derrick, Francis, 139–40, 145
Devonshire, Charles Blount (Lord Mountjoy), earl of, 430
Devonshire, earls of, see Cavendish
D’Ewes, Sir Simonds, 291–2