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    The Profiteers

    Page 46
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      “Nuclear Energy Agreement for Cooperation with Iran.” December 6, 1974. “Iraqi Illegal Use of Chemical Weapons.” Department of State Briefing Paper. November 16, 1984. National Security Archive, Declassified April 6, 2007.

      “Nuclear Proliferation. Failed Efforts to Curtail Iraq’s Nuclear Weapons Program.” U.S. House of Representatives. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. 102nd Cong., 1st Sess. April 24, 1991. “Modernizing the Nuclear Security Enterprise.”

      “Observations on DOE’s Management Challenges and Steps Taken to Address Them.” Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. U.S. Government Accountability Office. July 24, 2013.

      “Old Men’s Oil Wars.” Representative Marcy Kaptur on the floor of Congress. Congressional Record. May 8, 2003.

      “Oversight of the Private Sector Activities of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the Agency for International Development’s Bureau for Private Enterprise.” Hearing Before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. U.S. House of Representatives. 99th Cong., 2nd Sess. September 10, 1986.

      “Public Statements of Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary of Defense.” U.S. Library of Congress. Vol. IV, 1983.

      “Remarks by President Barack Obama.” Hradcany Square. Prague, Czech Republic. April 5, 2009. www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered.

      “Renewing OPIC and Reviewing Its Role in Support of Key U.S. Objectives.” U.S. Congress. Hearing Before the Committee on International Relations. 108th Cong., 1st Sess. June 10, 2003.

      Report of Independent Counsel In Re Edwin Meese, III. Washington, DC, July 5, 1988. U.S. Government Printing Office.

      “Review of Bechtel’s Spending Under Its Phase II Iraq Reconstruction Contract.” Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction. SIGIR-07-009. July 24, 2007.

      “Search of Files for Materials Relevant to Assassination Plans.” Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States. Memorandum to the White House. An examination of the personal files of John McCone from November 29, 1961, through December 31, 1964 . . . “and the files relating to MONGOOSE and ZRRIFLE relevant to plans to assassinate Castro.” May 1, 1975. Declassified June 17, 1996. Reproduced in Declassified Documents Reference System. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2013.

      “Special Activities.” Memorandum for Mr. William E. Colby. June 1, 1973.

      “Structure of Corporate Concentration: Institutional Shareholders and Interlocking Directorates Among Major U.S. Corporations. A Staff Study.” U.S. Senate. Committee on Government Affairs. Vol. 1. December 1980. “Summary of Facts and Conclusions.” The Independent Prosecutor’s Report on Meese. (Excerpt from the McKay Report published by New York Times. July 19, 1988.)

      Supplemental Declaration of Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary of Defense. United States of America v. Jonathan Jay Pollard. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Criminal No. 86-0207. March 3, 1987.

      “The Atomic Energy Commission.” By Alice Buck. U.S. Department of Energy, 1983. http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/AECHistory.pdf.

      “The Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL) Scandal and the Department of Agriculture’s Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Program for Iraq. Parts I and II.” U.S. Congress. Hearing Before the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs. House of Representatives. 102nd Cong., 2nd Sess. May 21, 1992.

      “The Foreign Trade Practices Act.” U.S. Congress. Hearings before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 98th Cong., 1st Sess. April 18, 25; July 12; October 6, 1983.

      “The Intelligence Community’s Involvement in the Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro (BNL) Affair.” Report Prepared by the Staff of the Select Committee on Intelligence. U.S. Senate. 103rd Cong., 1st Sess. February 1993.

      “The International Petroleum Cartel, the Iranian Consortium and U.S. National Security.” U.S. Senate. Prepared for the Use of Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations of the Committee on Foreign Relations. February 21, 1974.

      “The International Telephone and Telegraph Company and Chile, 1970–71.” U.S. Senate. Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations by the Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations. June 21, 1973.

      “The Jonathan Jay Pollard Espionage Case: A Damage Assessment.” Prepared by the Foreign Denial and Deception Analysis Committee. October 30, 1987. Released by the CIA in 2006. National Security Archive. Electronic Briefing Book. Posted December 14, 2012. Updated January 9, 2013. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB407/.

      “The New START Treaty.” Testimony of Dr. Michael R. Anastasio, Laboratory Director, Los Alamos National Laboratory. U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. July 15, 2010.

      “The Overseas Private Investment Corporation’s Investment Funds Program.” Briefing Report to the Chairman and the Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Committee on Appropriations. U.S. Senate. Government Accountability Office. May 2000.

      “The U.S. Policy Regarding United Nations Inspections of Iraqi Chemical Sites.” Joint Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Armed Services. U.S. Senate. 105th Cong., 2nd Sess. September 3, 1998.

      “The Weapons of Mass Destruction Program of Iraq.” U.S. Senate. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities of the Committee on Armed Services. 107th Cong., 2nd Sess. February 27, 2002.

      “U.N. Inspections of Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs: Has Saddam Won?” Hearing Before the Committee on International Relations. U.S. House of Representatives. 106th Cong., 2nd Sess. September 26, 2000.

      “United States Export Policy Toward Iraq Prior to Iraq’s Invasion of Kuwait. Did U.S. Exports Aid Iraq’s Military Capabilities and Did the Administration Accurately Disclose Its Licensing of Dual-Use Exports to Iraq?” U.S. Senate. Hearing Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. October 27, 1992.

      “U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare–Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and Their Possible Impact on the Health Consequences of the Persian Gulf War.” A Report of Chairman Donald W. Riegle, Jr., and Ranking Member Alfonse M. D’Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs with Respect to Export Administration. U.S. Senate. May 25, 1994. Telegram from Secretary of State, Washington, DC, to USINT Baghdad.

      “U.S. Chemical Shipment to Iraq.” March 4, 1984. Excised, September 18, 1996. Telegram from Secretary of State, Washington, DC, to USINT Baghdad.

      “U.S. Oil Companies and the Arab Oil Embargo: The International Allocation of Constricted Supplies.” U.S. Senate. Prepared for the Use of Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations of the Committee on Foreign Relations by the Federal Energy Administration’s Office of International Energy Affairs. January 27, 1975.

      Walsh, Lawrence E. Iran/Contra: The Final Report. New York: Times Books, 1994.

      “Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Hurricane Katrina Contracts.” U.S. House of Representatives. Prepared for Committee on Government Reform—Minority Staff Special Investigations Division. August 2006.

      “White House Efforts to Thwart Congressional Investigations of Pre-War Iraq Policy: The Case of the Rostow Gang.” U.S. Congress. Hearing Before the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs. 102nd Cong., 2nd Sess. May 29, 1992.

      INDEX

      A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.

      ABC News, 164, 175, 198, 233

      Abu Dhabi projects, United Arab Emirates, 304

      Adelson, Sheldon, 299, 300

      AEC. See Atomic Energy Commission

      Afghanistan, 2
    60

      Aguas del Tunari, 222

      Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 281

      airport construction projects, 5, 9, 10, 58, 60, 61, 122, 127, 208, 211, 235, 304, 305

      Aitken, Robert, 269

      Albania, 304, 306

      Alexander, Donald A., 261

      Algeria, 9, 78, 95, 101, 102, 103, 123, 305

      Allard, Wayne, 171

      Allende, Salvador, 97, 98, 118

      Al Qaeda, 3, 228, 231, 242

      American Enterprise Institute, 239, 309

      American exceptionalism, 24, 74

      American Federation of Labor (AFL), 41

      Americans for Tax Reform, 11

      Anderson, Eric, 295

      Anderson, Jack, 79, 80, 82, 87, 97, 318, 329n80

      Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 125, 126

      Anti-Terrorist Alert Center (ATAC), 181

      antiwar protests, 84, 126, 267

      Aqaba pipeline proposal

      investigation of, 191

      Iran-Contra affair and, 191–92

      Rumsfeld as Shultz’s envoy to Saddam to lobby for, 168–71, 172–73, 188

      Saddam’s rejection of, 192, 194, 197, 200–01, 202, 213

      Arabian American Oil Co. (Aramco), 53, 62, 63, 131

      Arab League, 125, 127

      Arab Spring, 5, 96

      Arco, Idaho, National Reactor Testing Station, 10

      Argentina, 98, 225

      Armour Research Foundation, 84

      Asian Development Bank, 112

      Aspin, Les, 102, 161

      Associated General Contractors of America, 27

      Associated Press, 147, 271

      Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 209

      Athens, Greece, subway system, 208

      Atlantic (magazine), 280

      Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 68, 70–71, 72, 74, 104, 105, 120, 153, 154, 156, 157

      Augustine, Norman, 292

      Aziz, Tariq, 169

      B-1 bombers, 160

      Bacevich, Andrew J., 79

      Baer, Robert, 99, 113

      Baker, Howard, 131

      Balfour, Guthrie and Company, 56

      Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, 307

      Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL), 197–99, 200, 201

      Barcelona, Summer Olympics (1992) in, 208

      Barlett, Donald L., 244

      Barraza, Marian, 264–65

      Baum, Dan, 233

      Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, California, 9, 87

      Bay of Pigs invasion, Cuba, 78

      Beard, Susan, 294

      Becon Construction, 135, 204

      Bechtel, Alice Elizabeth, 8, 23, 43–44

      Bechtel, Brendan

      background of, 295

      as Bechtel head, 9, 295–96, 304

      Bechtel, Clara Alice West, 20, 21, 43, 45–46

      Bechtel, Elizabeth Bentz, 19

      Bechtel, Elizabeth (“Betty”) Hogan, 92, 93

      Bechtel, Gary, 93, 204, 207

      Bechtel, John Moyer, 19

      Bechtel, Kenneth, 8, 21, 22, 45, 53, 117

      Bechtel, Laura Adeline Peart, 46, 55

      Bechtel, Lauren, 93, 204–05

      Bechtel, Nonie, 93, 205

      Bechtel, Riley P., 93

      ASEAN countries and, 209–10

      background of, 205

      Bechtel Enterprises Holdings (BEn) and, 218–19, 221, 225, 227

      as Bechtel head, 9, 192, 197, 200, 204

      Bechtel’s image and, 213

      Bechtel stock value decline and, 226–28

      biotech company Theranos and, 305

      Boston’s Big Dig project and, 207, 208, 221–22

      business philosophy of, 209

      Clinton administration and, 214–15

      criticism of, 223–24

      diversification plan of, 217, 219

      employees as hostages in Iraq and, after US invasion, 202

      Export Council membership of, 229

      hurricane Katrina cleanup and, 246, 247

      international business sought by, 208–09

      Iraq projects and, 192, 197, 200

      Kuwait reconstruction and, 202–03

      organizational changes by, 204–05, 212–13, 217–18, 219

      partnerships and, 220–21

      planetary exploration and, 295

      privatization and, 202–03, 216–17

      son Brendan as successor to, 9, 295

      success of, 211

      telecom and Internet start-ups and, 221, 226

      wealth of, 9, 262

      Bechtel, Shana, 93, 204

      Bechtel, Stephen Davison (“Steve Sr.”)

      ant-Communist views of, 64, 75, 84

      anti-Jewish sentiment of, 124–25

      as Bechtel head, 8, 44, 45, 50

      Bechtel-McCone Corporation formed by, 49–50

      birth and childhood of, 20, 21, 22, 45–46

      business philosophy of, 49, 53, 59, 74, 85, 86, 109

      business reputation of, 47, 95

      as business visionary, 46–47, 49

      as chief administrator of Six Companies, 47

      Casey and, 132

      Cold War arms race and, 70

      college traffic accident and, 46

      Colley’s murder in Iraq and, 77

      cost-plus model of business contract invented by, 49, 262

      death of, 204

      difference between father and, 47

      energy industry as focus of, 46–47, 48–49

      Export-Import Bank position of, 95, 101, 102

      father’s death and, 44

      government contacts of, 58, 68, 74, 105

      government regulation and, 149

      growth of Bechtel under, 86

      Hoover Dam construction and, 6, 38, 48

      intelligence community and, 8, 61, 64, 65, 75–76

      international business sought by, 53, 58, 59, 85, 208–09, 215

      King Faisal of Iraq and, 5

      marriage and family of, 46, 204

      McCone’s bond with, 48, 49–50, 68, 82

      military contracts and, 47–48, 83

      military-industrial complex and, 83

      Nixon and, 75, 95, 101

      nuclear energy and, 70, 71

      oil industry and, 48–49, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 124

      Pacific Rim strategy of, 84

      personality of, 45, 49–50

      relationship between US presidents and, 8

      Saudi Arabian projects and, 58, 59–62, 63, 75, 124, 209

      Shultz and, 109, 112, 129, 135

      son Steve Jr. as successor to, 8, 86

      son Steve Jr. compared to, 91–92

      son Steve Jr.’s relationship with, 93

      SRI’s research and, 84

      stock investments of, 53–54, 59, 219

      turnkey contract used by, 49

      wartiime experience of, 46, 47

      Weinberger and, 117

      Bechtel, Steve Jr., 11–12

      antilabor stance of, 87

      background and education of, 86, 92–93

      as Bechtel head, 8–9, 86, 91–92, 93–94, 138, 143

      business philosophy of, 91–92, 97, 104–05, 150, 159, 212, 213, 220, 309

      Casey and, 132

      Connally’s campaign against Reagan and, 130–32

      Dad Bechtel’s biography as a self-made man embraced by, 11–12

      energy industry as focus of, 86–87

      father Steve Sr. compared to, 91–92

      father Steve Sr.’s relationship with, 93

      government contacts of, 99, 104–05

      Iran-Contra affair and, 192

      Iraq pipeline project and, 192

      Jubail new city project, Saudi Arabia, and, 122–23

      Libya and, 94

      marriage and children of, 92, 93, 197, 204

      Middle East projects and, 87

      multinational approach to projects under, 151–52, 153

      Nixon and, 87–88, 89, 90, 104, 143

      nuclear plant contracts under, 151

      nuclear power safety and, 149–50

      persona
    lity of, 86, 91, 92, 212

      Reagan and, 130, 133, 135, 143, 150, 152, 151, 158–59, 214

      rebuff of an interview request by, 11

      retirement of, 204

      revolving door with Washington and, 148–49, 152, 158–59

      Shultz and, 110, 113–14, 121–22, 127, 129, 135, 143, 148

      son Riley as successor to, 9, 192, 197, 200, 204

      stock ownership by, 227

      Treasury Department position of, 95

      wealth of, 262

      Weinberger and, 117, 119, 148

      Bechtel, Warren Augustine (“Dad”)

      background and childhood of, 19–20

      birth of the modern Bechtel company and, 22, 23

      business reputation of, 25–26, 38, 42, 47

      cattle business and, 20, 23

      children and family life of, 20, 21, 22, 23–24, 45–46

      death of, 8, 43–44

      difference between son Steve Sr. and, 47

      early construction work of, 19, 20, 21, 22

      first railroad subcontract of, 22–23

      founding of Bechtel by, 8

      Hoover Dam project and, 26–27, 38, 40, 41, 42

      Horatio Alger–like biography of being a self-made man used for, 11–12, 24

      marriage of, 20

      move west by, 20–22

      new western industrialism and, 12, 22–23

      oil and gas construction contracts of, 26

      partners of, 22–23, 26

      railroad construction work of, 19, 20–23, 24, 26, 47, 217

      road and highway construction by, 24–26, 46, 53, 60, 61, 122, 306–07, 308

      son Steve Sr. as successor to, 8, 44, 45

      Southern Pacific Railroad job of, 20, 21

      Soviet visit of, 42–44

      success of, 23–24, 26, 45

      Bechtel, Warren Jr., 8, 20, 21, 22, 45

      Bechtel (Bechtel corporation in general)

      American exceptionalism belief of, 24, 74

      antiregulatory, antigovernment stance of, 11

      Arab boycott of trade with Israel and, 125–27, 128–29, 146

      bad publicity for, 120–21, 123–24, 127, 147–49, 213

      as company that can “build anything, any place, any time,” 6

      conflict-of-interest questions about, 72, 102, 103, 147–49, 173, 192, 199, 207, 237, 307

      cost-plus model of business contract used by, 49, 63, 233, 262

      criminal cases connected with employees of, 120

      Dad Bechtel’s first subcontract and birth of, 22

     


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