BIBLIOGRAPHY
Boyer, Paul, and Stephen Nissenbaum. Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.
———. The Salem Witchcraft Papers: Verbatim Transcripts of the Legal Documents of the Salem Witchcraft Outbreak of 1692. 3 vols. Transcribed in 1938 by the Works Progress Administration under supervision of Archie N. Frost. New York: Da Capo Press, 1977. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft/texts/transcripts.html
Burr, George Lincoln, ed. Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1914. Available online at http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/BurNarr.html
Calef, Robert. More Wonders of the Invisible World. In Burr, Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Bur5Nar.html
Demos, John Putnam. Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the Culture of Early New England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Derks, Scott, and Tony Smith. “Currency in Colonial America: Slave Trades 1600-1749.” The Value of a Dollar: Colonial Era to the Civil War, 1600-1865. Amenia, NY: Grey House, 2005.
Discovery Education. “Salem Witch Trials: The World Beyond the Hysteria.” http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/
Fowler, Samuel Page. An Account of the Life, Character, &c., of the Rev. Samuel Parris, of Salem Village, and of His Connection with the Witchcraft Delusion of 1692: Read before the Essex Institute, Nov’r 14, 1856. Salem, MA: William Ives and George W. Pease, 1857. Available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=bAIERsPLjmIC&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Gildrie, Richard P. Salem, Massachusetts 1626-1683: A Covenant Community. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1975.
Hale, John. Modest Inquiry into the Nature of Witchcraft. Boston: B. Green and J. Allen, 1702. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft/archives/ModestEnquiry
Hill, Frances. A Delusion of Satan: The Full Story of the Salem Witch Trials. New York: Doubleday, 1995.
———. The Salem Witch Trials Reader. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2000.
Historical Collections of the Essex Institute. Vol. 3. Ed. John S. Pierson, A. M. Salem, MA: G. M. Whipple & A.A. Smith, 1861. Available online at http://www.archive.org/details/essexinstitutehi03esseuoft
Hurd, Duane Hamilton, ed. History of Essex County Massachusetts. Vol. 2, pt. 1, Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis and Company, 1888.
Hutchinson, Thomas, The History of Massachusetts Bay. 3 vols. “The Case of Margaret Jacobs.” London: John Murray, 1828. Available online at http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/244jacob.html.
Karlsen, Carol F. Devil in the Shape of a Woman: Witchcraft in Colonial New England. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1998.
Lawson, Deodat. A Brief and True Narrative by Deodat Lawson, 1692. In Burr, Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Bur1Nar.html
Letter of Thomas Brattle, F.R.S., 1692. In Burr, Narratives of the Witchcraft Cases, 1648-1706. Available online at http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/Bur1Nar.html
Linder, Douglas O. “Salem Witchcraft Trials, 1692.” University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. Accessed 2009. http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/salem.htm
Madden, Matt. “Examination of Rebecca Nurse of Salem Village.” Undergraduate course paper, Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project, University of Virginia, 2001. http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/nursecourt.html
Mather, Cotton. The Wonders of the Invisible World: Being an Account of the Tryals of Several Witches. London: J.R. Smith, 1862. Available online at http://www.archive.org/details/wondersofinvisib00mathuoft
Mather, Increase, Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Personating Men, Witchcrafts, Infallible Proofs of Guilt in Such as Are Accused with that Crime. Boston: Benjamin Harris, 1693. Available online at http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/salem/witchcraft/speccol/mather/
Nevins, Winfield S. Witchcraft in Salem Village in 1692: Together with a Review of the Opinions of Modern Writers and Psychologists in Regard to Outbreak of the Evil in America. Salem, MA: Salem Press Co., 1916.
The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April 1857, vol. XI. “Danvers Church Records.” Ed. Samuel G. Drake. Andover, MA: Warren F. Draper, 1857. http://books.google.com/books?id=gWoFAAAAQAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, July 1858, vol. XII. “Danvers Church Records.” Ed. Samuel G. Drake. Boston: H. W. Dutton & Son, 1858. Available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=q2oFAAAAQAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Norton, Mary Beth. In the Devil’s Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut. J. H. Trumbull and C. J. Hoadly, eds. Hartford, CT: Brown & Parsons, 1850. Available online at http://www.archive.org/details/publicrecordsofc001conn
Roach, Marilynne K. In the Days of the Salem Witchcraft Trials. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
———. The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-Day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2002.
Rosenthal, Bernard. Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Scott, Richard T., “Salem Witch Trials: The 20 Victims,” Salem Focus. http://www.salemfocus.com/Victims.htm
Scottow, Joshua. Narrative of the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony. Boston: Benjamin Harris, 1694. Available online at http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/scottow/4/
Smith, Jillian, and Eliza Pollack. “Biography: Martha Cory.” Undergraduate course paper, Salem Witch Trials Documentary Archive and Transcription Project, University of Virginia, 2002/2006. http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/saxon-salem/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=salem/texts/bios.xml&style=salem/xsl/dynaxml.xsl&chunk.id=b35&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes
Upham, Charles W. Salem Witchcraft: With an Account of Salem Village and a History of Opinions on Witchcraft and Kindred Subjects. 2 vols. Boston: Frederick Ungar, 1867. Available online at http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17845/17845-h/salemcontents.html
Warren, Charles. History of the Harvard Law School and of Early Legal Conditions in America. Vol. 3. New York: Lewis Publishing Co., 1908.
Woodward, William Elliot. Records of Salem Witchcraft: Copied from the Original Documents. 2 vols. Roxbury, MA: W. Elliot Woodward, 1865. Available online at http://history.hanover.edu/texts/salem/gburroughs.html
INDEX
Boldface indicates illustrations.
A
Affliction
causes
overview of victims
symptoms
B
Baron, Benjamin
Bibber, Goodie
Bishop, Bridget
Brattle, Thomas
Burroughs, George
accusations against
arrest
execution
life of
removal of charges
testimony against
C
Calef, Robert
Carrier, Martha
Cheevers, Ezekiel
Churchill, Sarah
Cloyse, Sarah
Confessions
Confessions, recanted
Corwin, George
Corwin, Jonathan
Cory, Giles
Cory, Martha
Court of Oyer and Terminer
D
DeRich, Mary
Dogs, accused
Dustin, Lydia
E
Easty, Mary
English, Mary
English, Philip
G
Gedney, Bartholomew
Glover, Goody
Godman, Elizabeth
Good, Dorcas
Good, Sarah
accusations against
begging from Parris
execution
infant
in jail
trial
Gospel Women
Green, Joseph
Griggs, William
H
Hale, John
Hathorn, John
How, Elizabeth
Hubbard, Elizabeth
I
Invisible World
see also Spectral evidence
J
Jacobs, George, Sr.
Jacobs, Margaret
Jail conditions & fees
John Indian
Jones, Margaret
Judges
K
Keney, Henry
L
Lacy, Mary, Jr.
Lewis, Mercy
M
Martin, Susanna
Mather, Cotton
Mather, Increase
Motivation for accusations
N
Natural World
Noyes, Nicholas
Nurse, Francis
Nurse, Rebecca
Nurse, Sarah
O
Osborn, Sarah
P
Parker, Alice
Parker, Mary
Parris, Betty
accusations by
affliction
after the trials
at the trials
Parris, Elizabeth
Parris, Samuel (Reverend)
after the trials
anger about black magic
witchcake
attending lecture
church services
fits as sign from God
forced to leave Salem
restitution offer
revenge
and Tituba
unpaid salary
Parris, Susannah
Parris, Thomas
Partridge, Jonathan
Phips, William
Pope, Mrs.
Porter family
Proctor, Elizabeth
Proctor, John
Proctor, William
Pudeator, Ann
Putnam, Ann, Jr.
accusations by
affliction
after the trials
apology for accusations
at the trials
Putnam, Ann, Sr.
Putnam, Edward
Putnam, Thomas
Putnam family
R
Redd, Wilmott
Restitution
Revenge
Richards, John
Ruck, Thomas
S
Saltonstall, Nathaniel
Scott, Margaret
Sergeant, Peter
Sewall, Samuel
Sewall, Stephen
Sheldon, Susanna
Sibley, Mary
Spectral evidence
Stoughton, William
T
Tituba (slave)
Toothaker, Mary
W
Walcott, Mary
Wardwell, Samuel
Warren, Mary
Watkins, Mary
Wildes, Sarah
Willard, John
Willard, Samuel
Williams, Abigail
accusations by
affliction
after the trials
at the trials
Winthrop, Wait-Still
Wonn (slave)
NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR
As I sifted through volume after volume of research for this story, I was astonished by the vivid imagery that leapt from the pages of each and every trial transcript, letter, book, sermon, list of confiscated property, and other pieces of original source material related to the Salem Witch Trials. By sprinkling quotations from these writings throughout my book, I hope to transport readers back through time, to evoke the sense of horror and dread and wonder that made Puritan witch hunters and their victims pen their terrible words. But 400 years is a long time, and a living language like English has a way of shifting shape through the ages. So in order to clarify the quoted material for modern readers while still retaining its tone, I have abridged many long-winded passages, updated much of the spelling, and clarified a small number of the most archaic terms. To find the original texts, please refer to the notes. Because this tale is so very dark in tone, and to echo 17th-century woodcuts, I decided to do the artwork in black and white with a few small red accents. I conjured up the pictures on Ampersand Scratchbord, a hard thin board covered with a layer of extremely white clay and then coated with black India ink. Making the artwork involves a labor-intensive process calling for a sharp pointed scratch knife that cuts away the black ink coating until a picture appears. The red accents are added by computer. To ensure the accuracy of my art, I referred to period works and photographs I took in and around Salem and Danvers, Massachusetts.
To see me working on the art for this book, scan this code or text Witches to 20583. To get a mobile scanner, text NatGeo to 20583. On your computer, go to YouTube.com and search for “Rosalyn Schanzer.”
*“Oyer and Terminer” means “hear and determine.”
*Not to be confused with his brother, Judge Samuel Sewell.