military academy proposed for
military preparedness and
peacetime
standing, Constitutional Convention and
standing, GW’s proposal for
standing, ideological fears of
in Whiskey Rebellion
see also militias
Army, British
American prisoners held by
Arnold affair and
as best trained and equipped
Charleston captured by
German mercenaries in, see Hessians
local suppliers’ favoring of
as model for GW
prisoners from
retreat to Nova Scotia by
Royal Ethiopian Regiment in
status of colonial soldiers in
see also specific battles
Army, Continental, see Continental Army
Arnold, Benedict
in British Army
kidnapping attempt on
as traitor
Arnold, Peggy Shippen
Articles of Confederation
GW’s critique of
Asbury, Francis
Asgill, Charles
Asgill, Lady
Asia (warship)
Associated Loyalists
Atlantic Ocean
attorney general
Aurora
Austin (slave)
Austin, Jonathan Loring
Austria
Bache, Benjamin Franklin
Bache, Sarah Franklin
Bailyn, Bernard
Baker, John
Baldwin, Abraham
Ball, Joseph (grandfather)
Ball, Joseph (uncle)
Ball, Mary Johnson (grandmother)
Baltimore, Charles Calvert, Lord
Baltimore, Md.
Continental Congress in
bancomania
Bank of Alexandria
Bank of England
Bank of the United States
banks
creation of new
Baptist Church
Barbados
Barbary pirates
Barbé-Marbois, François
Bard, John
Bard, Samuel
Barlow, Joel
Barras, Count de
Bassett, Anna Maria Dandridge (sister-in-law)
Bassett, Burwell (brother-in-law)
Bassett, Burwell, Jr.
Bassett, Fanny, see Washington, Fanny Bassett
Bastille, fall of
Baurmeister, Carl Leopold
Beckley, John
Beckwith, George
Bedford, Gunning
Belvoir
Bemis Heights, Battle of
Benedict, Abner
Berkeley Springs, W.Va.
Bermuda
Betty (slave)
Biddle, Clement
Bingham, Anne Willing
Bingham, William
Bishop, Thomas
blacks:
education of
free
Blair, John
Blanchard, Claude
Bland, Martha Daingerfield
Bland, Theodorick
Blockade, The
Blue Ridge Mountains
Blueskin (horse)
Board of Trade, British
Board of War
Bonhomme Richard (ship)
Boston, Mass.
siege of
Boston Gazette
Boston Harbor
Boston Massacre
Boston Port Bill
Boston Sailcloth Manufactory
Boston Tea Party
Botetourt, Lord
Boucher, Jonathan
Boudinot, Elias
Boudinot, Elisha
Bouquet, Henry
Bowie, John
Braddock, Edward
Braddock’s Field
Bradford, William
Brady, Patricia
Brandywine Creek, Battle of
Brant, Joseph
Breed’s Hill, see Bunker Hill, Battle of
Bréhan, Marquise de
Broadwater, Charles
Brooklyn
Brooklyn (Long Island), Battle of
Brooklyn Heights
Brown, Elias
Brown, Gustavus Richard
Brown, Philip
Brown University (Rhode Island College)
Bryan, Helen
Buchanan, Walter
Bullskin Plantation
Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill), Battle of
Burgoyne, John
Saratoga defeat of
Burke, Edmund
Burr, Aaron
Bush, Benjamin
Butler, James
Butler, Pierce
Butler, Richard
Butler, Walter
Cabot, George
Cadwalader, John
Caesar (slave)
Callender, James T.
Calvert, Benedict
Calvert, Charles
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, Battle of
Campbell, Christiana
Canada
border with
fishing rights and
French
French and Indian War in
French Catholics in
canals
Capitol, U.S.
Caribbean
War of Jenkins’ Ear in
Carleton, Sir Guy
Carlisle, Pa.
Carlyle & Adam
Caroline (slave)
Carrington, Edward
Carrington, Elizabeth Ambler
Cartagena
Carter, Charles
Carter, Charles, Jr.
Cary, Mary
Cary, Robert
Cary, Wilson
Caswell, Richard
Catawba nation
Catherine the Great, empress of Russia
Cato (Addison)
“Catullus,”
Cayenne (French Guiana)
Cayuga nation
“Centinel,”
Cerberus (frigate)
Chamberlayne, Richard
Champe, John
Charles II, king of England
Charleston, S.C.
Charlestown, Mass.
Charlotte (slave)
Charlton, John
Chastellux, Chevalier de
Chateaubriand, François-Auguste-René de
checks and balances
Cherokee nation
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Chesapeake Bay
Chester, Pa.
Chew, Benjamin
Chovet, Abraham
Church of England (Anglican Church)
Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius
“Cinna,”
circuit courts
“Circular to State Governments,”
City Tavern
civil liberties
Civil War, American
Clarkson, Thomas
Claypoole, David
Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser
Clermont-Crèvecoeur, Count de
Clinton, George
Clinton, Sir Henry
at Battle of Monmouth
on Cowpens disaster
kidnap attempt on
recall of
in siege of Charleston
Closen, Ludwig von, Baron
Clymer, George
Coast Guard
Cobb, David, Jr.
Cobbett, William
Cochran, John
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) (1774)
Coke, Thomas
College of New Jersey (Princeton University)
College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania)
College of William and Mary
Columbian Magazine
Columbia University (King’s College)
commerce
Committee of Public Safety
Common Sense (Paine)
Concord, Mass.
Congregational Church
&
nbsp; Congregation Yeshuat Israel
Congress, Confederation
Constitutional Convention approved by
Constitution presented to
departments of
Congress, U.S.
antislavery petitions in
Bill of Rights in
capital construction and
debate over proportional vs. equal representation in
departments of
enlarged powers proposed for
first, delay in opening of
GW’s annual addresses to
GW’s election announced by
GW’s final address to
GW’s inauguration and
GW’s relationship with
Hamilton’s Report on Manufactures to
Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit to
on Indian warfare
Jay Treaty and
powers reserved for
presidential veto and
proportional representation and
site in new federal city for
slavery and
Connecticut
Constitution ratified by
volunteer troops from
Connecticut Continentals
Constitution, British
Constitution, U.S.
advice and consent in
amendment process for
annual address mandated by
Article I of
Article II of
bank bill and
bicameral legislature in
Bill of Rights and
emergency government sessions and
executive branch in
Federalist vs. Republican views of
first elections seen as support for
GW’s support for
Jefferson’s ambivalence toward
on judiciary
as living and open-ended document
preamble to
proportional representation in
ratification of
slavery in
strict constructionists and
treaty-making powers in
tripartite government in
Twenty-second Amendment of
two-thirds rule of
Whiskey Rebellion as test of
Constitutional Convention
GW as president of
GW’s hesitation about
secrecy rule of
on slavery
Continental Army
Articles of Confederation and
blacks in
bounties for
casualties in
decrease in support for
desertions and short-term enlistments in
discipline in
early formation of
generals of
gunpowder and weapons shortage for
GW’s command of
GW’s frustrations with
GW’s insistence on smallpox inoculations for
GW’s Life Guard in
heroism of
illness in
long-term enlistments for
maintaining unity in
militias in
as model for new country
morale problems in
move south by
music in
mutinies in
in Newport approach
northern department of
origins of
pay not given to
prisoners from
prisoners treated humanely by
reenlistments for
sanitary conditions for
size of
southern department of
Steuben’s training of
supply shortages for
uniforms for
see also specific battles
Continental Association
Continental Congress
see also First Continental Congress; Second Continental Congress
Conway, Richard
Conway, Thomas
Conway “Cabal,”
Cooper, Myles
Corbin, Richard
Cornwallis, Charles, Lord
in siege of Charleston
at Yorktown
cotton gin
Cowpens, S.C.
Craik, James
Crawford, William
credit:
America’s lack of
federal
Creek Nation
Cresswell, Nicholas
Crisis, The (Paine)
Cromwell, Oliver
Crow, Hiland
Cunliffe, Marcus
Cupid (slave)
Curwen, Samuel
Cushing, Thomas
Cushing, William
Custis, Daniel Parke
Custis, Eleanor “Nelly” Calvert (stepdaughter-in-law)
remarriage to David Stuart of
Custis, Eleanor Parke “Nelly” (step-granddaughter)
education of
on GW
GW and Martha’s adoption of
marriage of, to Lawrence Lewis
portraits of
Custis, Elizabeth Parke (step-granddaughter)
Custis, Frances Parke “Fidelia,”
Custis, George Washington Parke “Washy” (step-grandson)
difficult behavior of
education of
on GW
GW and Martha’s adoption of
portraits of
Custis, Jack “Black Jack,”
Custis, John
Custis, John Parke “Jacky” (stepson)
as aide at Yorktown
children of
courtship and marriage of
death of
difficult behavior of
education of
GW appreciated by
GW cheated by
on Patsy’s death
portraits of
smallpox inoculation of
Custis, Martha Parke (step-granddaughter)
Custis, Martha Parke “Patsy” (stepdaughter)
death of
epilepsy and other health problems of
portraits of
Custis estate
customs service
customs taxes
Cutler, Manasseh
Cyrus (slave)
Dagworthy, John
Dalby, Philip
Dalzell, Lee Baldwin
Dalzell, Robert F., Jr.
Dandridge, Ann
Dandridge, Bartholomew
Dandridge, Frances Jones
Dandridge, John
Danton, Georges Jacques
Davies, Samuel
Davis, Thomas
Davis, Tom (slave)
Deane, Silas
debt
among colonists
federal
funded
of GW
imprisonment for
public
state, federal assumption of
war
wartime promissory notes and
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Declaratory Act (1766)
defense, national
deism
DeLancey, James
Delaware:
at Constitutional Convention
Constitution ratified by
Delaware Bay
Delaware nation
Delaware River
Delaware Society for Promoting Domestic Manufacturers
Democratic-Republican Societies
Demont, William
Denny, Ebenezer
deportations
d’Estaing, Jean Baptiste
Deux-Ponts, Guillaume de
Dick, Elisha Cullen
Dickinson, John
Digby, Robert
Dinwiddie, Robert
Discourses on Davila (Adams)
district courts
Dixon, Jeremiah
Dogue Run far
m
Doll (slave)
Donald, Alexander
Donop, Colonel von
Dorchester Heights
Drowne, Solomon
Duane, James
Duane, William
Duer, William
Dulany, Elizabeth French
Dumas, Count de
Dunlap, William
Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of
Norfolk, Va. torched by
Dunn, Arthur
Duquesne, Marquis de
Durham boats
duties, import
Dyer, Eliphalet
Eagle (ship)
East India Company
East Indies
East River
Echard, Susan R.
Edict of Fraternity
Edwin, David
Ehlers, John Christian
elections:
of 1789
of 1792
of 1796
of 1800
Electoral College
Elizabethtown, N.J.
Ellicott, Andrew
Ellis, Joseph
Ellsworth, Oliver
Embuscade (ship)
Emerson, William
England
as America’s antithesis
farewell address and
prewar debt to
Spain’s military confrontation with
see also Great Britain
English Channel
Enlightenment
American Revolution in context of
rationalism in
Enys, John
Episcopal Church
Erskine, Sir William
Eskridge, George
Estates-General, French
Evans, Israel
Evans, Joshua
Evans, Oliver
Ewald, Johann
Ewing, James excise taxes executive branch
under Articles of Confederation
under Constitution
domestic policy and
economic policy and
equality between legislative and
foreign policy and
war powers of
Fabius
Fagan, John
Fairfax, Bryan
Fairfax, George William
death of
departure for England of
GW’s friendship with
Fairfax, Sarah Cary “Sally,”
departure for England of
GW’s friendship with
Fairfax, Thomas Fairfax, sixth Baron
Fairfax, William
Fairfax County Committee
Fairfax family
Fairfax Independent Company
Fairfax Resolves
Fallen Timbers, Battle of
Falmouth, Mass.
“Farewell Address to the Armies of the United States,”
“Farmer Refuted, The” (Hamilton)
Fauchet, Jean-Antoine
Faulkner, William
Fauntleroy, Elizabeth “Betsy,”
Fauntleroy, William
Fauquier, Francis
federal deficit
Federal District (Washington, D.C.)
Federal Gazette
Federal Hall
federalism
vs. fear of centralized power
fear of chaos and
in GW’s farewell address to armies
Federalist, The (Hamilton, Madison, and Jay)
Federalists
Adams and
Alien and Sedition Acts and
as antislavery party
in 1800 election
envoy to Britain sought by