British naval bombardment of, 420–22, 504–7
British occupation of, 83–85, 87, 248–51, 346–48, 588
Fashoda crisis and, 250–56
Grey Declaration and, 583
Einem, Karl von, 682–83
Elcho, Mary Wyndham, Lady, 316–17, 320–21
Elisabeth, Empress of Austria, 856
Englishman’s Home, An (du Maurier), 638–39
Ernst, Jacob, 677–78
Esher, Reginald Brett, Lord, 311, 542–43
on abandoning Mediterranean, 827
Churchill and, 767, 824, 831
and Edward VII’s relationship with Fisher, 456–58
Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 529, 531, 533, 535
Fisher-Churchill relationship and, 772–74
Fisher’s friendship with, 454–55
and Fisher’s promotion to First Lord of Admiralty, 459
and reorganization of British Army, 453–55
Eugénie, Empress of France, 62
Eulenburg, Countess Alexandrine von Rothkirch, 664–65, 671
Eulenburg, Friedrich von, 674
Eulenburg, Philip von, 116–18, 663–81, 687, 716
alleged homosexuality of, 672–78
Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 300
anti-Semitism of, 798
background of, 664–67
Bülow and, 143, 145–47, 149, 666–67, 669–71, 674–79
Harden’s attacks on, 673–78
Hohenlohe and, 118–21
Holstein and, 128, 131–32, 664, 666, 668, 671–74, 678
illnesses of, 672, 677–79
naval expansion and, 171, 179
resignation of, 675–76
Weltmacht and, 138
Eulenburg, Princess Elisabeth Carolath von, 665
Fairholme, Colonel, 591
Falkenhayn, Erich von, 862–63, 874
Falkland Islands, Battle of the, 496
Fashoda crisis, 248–56, 341–42, 428–29, 631
Ferdinand, Tsar of Bulgaria, 839
First Hague Peace Conference, 429–32
Fisher, Beatrix, 409, 448
Fisher, Cecil, 409, 447
Fisher, Dorothy, 416, 425
Fisher, Frederick William, 408n
Fisher, Lady Frances Katherine (Kitty), 409, 415–16, 422–23, 428, 430, 440–41, 444, 456, 460–61, 601n, 774
Fisher, Philip, 408n
Fisher, Sir John Arbuthnot (Jacky), xix, 151, 401–67, 512–43, 824n
accomplishments of, 448
in action in Egypt, 420–22, 504–6
ambition of, 413, 416
on Anglo-French Entente, 406
Anglo-German naval talks and, 701, 707
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 601–2
battle cruisers and, 490, 492–96
beginning of World War I predicted by, 407
Beresford compared to, 503–5
Beresford compared with, 512, 542
Beresford’s conflicts with, 405, 510, 512–13, 515–25, 527–43, 772, 778–80
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 630
charm of, 404, 430–31, 455
childhood of, 408
on China Station, 411–13, 415–16
Churchill and, 770–74, 776, 779, 782–85
Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 822–23
commands of, 415–24, 428–29, 433–48, 451–55, 504–5, 512–15, 542
in correspondence with press, 444–45, 447, 450, 460, 466
credo of, 404–5, 438
critics of, 405–6, 437, 455, 487–88, 498–501, 516–17, 520, 529, 535–36, 541
and cutting military spending, 640
Dreadnought and, 402, 461, 467–70, 472–80, 482, 484–90, 492–93, 520, 531, 563, 782
early naval career of, 409–14
Edward VII and, 404, 406–7, 415, 450, 453, 455–58, 460–61, 499, 510, 655, 770
efficiency demanded by, 427, 437–41
energy of, 436, 460
Esher’s friendship with, 454–55
exuberance of, 403–4, 418
Fashoda crisis and, 428–29
fear and awe inspired by, 428
First Hague Peace Conference and, 429–32
German naval expansion and, 360, 402, 406–7, 446
Germany visited by, 414–15
gunnery and, 413–14, 417, 426–27, 440, 465–66
heritage of, 403, 407–9
illnesses of, 422–25, 460
innovativeness of, 428
inspection tours of, 435–36
interlocking plan of, 461, 464
Jellicoe and, 401–2, 407, 424
lectures delivered by, 436, 501
Marienbad visited by, 424–25, 457
marriage of, 415
Mediterranean command of, 433–48, 512–15, 542
Morocco crisis and, 360
motto of, 540
naval expenditures and, 466–67
naval ordnance post of, 426–27
Naval Scare and, 609, 615–17, 621–22, 625
on need for additional ships, 441–46
North American and West Indies command of, 428–29
on officer training and selection, 449–51
oil-powered warships and, 785
Paint Work Affair and, 525, 527
physical appearance of, 402–3, 428
Portsmouth command of, 451–55
Queen Elizabeth and, 782–84
on redistribution of Fleet, 462–63, 515
reforms of, 382, 402, 405, 438–39, 460–67, 498, 515–17, 520, 536
and reorganization of British Army, 453–55, 626
Reserve Fleet established by, 464–65
retirement of, 541
on scrapping useless and obsolete ships, 463–64, 466
speeches delivered by, 450
steam-propelled ironclads and, 390
studies of, 413
on submarines, 451–53, 455
Switzerland visited by, 425–26
and threat of war with Russia, 515
torpedoes and, 414, 417–18, 451
on training and selecting officers, 461
vehemence of, 431
Victoria and, 404, 420, 423–24, 455
on war, 406–7, 431
war plans and, 745, 747
Fisher, Sophie, 407–9
Fisher, William, 407–9
Fitzgerald, Penrose, 390
Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmond, 646
Flower, Peter, 572
Ford, Sir Francis Clare, 231
France:
Agadir Crisis and, 725–26, 728–35, 737–43
Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 291–92, 301–2, 304, 306–7, 309, 341
Anglo-German naval talks and, 708–9
Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 340
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595, 601
Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 846
antagonism between Britain and, xxiii, 83, 341
antagonism between Germany and, 60–61, 77–80
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 858, 861–62, 864, 867–68, 883–84
Balkan Wars and, 839
and Bismarck’s conflict with William II, 97–98
Bismarck’s diplomacy and, 78–79, 81–85, 87–88, 90, 113
Bosnia Crisis and, 604
Boxer Rebellion and, 286–87
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 627–28, 631–32
British blockade of, xiv-xv
British entente with, xxv, 342–50, 352–56, 359–67, 406, 446, 562, 588–92, 594, 663, 673, 729–30, 732
British naval talks with, 825–27
British war planning and, 745–48
Campbell-Bannerman’s affection for, 553, 556, 562
Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 823, 825
colonialism of, 84–85
Edward VII’s affection for, 17, 556
Fashoda crisis and, 248–56, 341–42, 429, 631
First Hague Peace Conference
and, 429
Fisher’s Mediterranean command and, 435–36
German colonialism and, 135
German declaration of war against, 907
German threat to, 872–76, 884–85, 887–907
governments changed by, 341–42
Grey Declaration and, 583
Haldane Mission and, 808, 811
isolationism of, 77
Moroccan interests of, 346–50, 352–68, 588–92, 594, 663–64, 718–25, 741–43
Navy of, see Navy, French
population growth of, 134
proposed tunnel between Britain and, 631–32
Prussian Navy and, 161–62
and redistribution of British Fleet, 462–63
Russo-German conflict and, 871–76, 888, 891
Samoan crisis and, 260
William II’s visits to, 30
Franco-Prussian War, 18, 61–65, 73, 76–78
Prussian Navy and, 161–62, 166
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 690, 692
assassination of, 852, 859–61, 865, 867–68, 880
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 855, 858
Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria, 17–18, 35, 100–101, 114
and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 860–61, 880
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 855–57, 860–64, 866
Bismarck’s diplomacy and, 78
Bosnia Crisis and, 604, 607
Caprivi and, 111
Schleswig-Holstein crisis and, 58
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, 358
Frederick III, Emperor of Germany (Fritz), 8, 11, 209, 667
Austro-German Treaty and, 81
Austro-Prussian War and, 59–60
Bismarck and, 30–32, 35–36, 38–41, 44–45, 59–60, 92, 207
Britain visited by, 39
death of, 45–46, 92, 109, 207–8, 294
Franco-Prussian War and, 62
German colonialism and, 88–89
German Navy and, 167
illnesses of, 38–45, 75, 284
Victoria’s influence on, 25–26, 30–32, 35–37
William II and, 26–27, 29–30, 32–33, 35–37, 39–45, 105–8, 207
Frederick William I, King of Prussia, 162
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia, 6, 18, 24, 30, 52–54, 160–61
French, Sir John, 745
Fürstenberg, Prince Max von, 690–91
Gard, W. H., 469, 492
Garvin, J. L., 236–37, 289
George I, King of England, 3, 805
George III, King of England, 3
George IV, King of England, 4, 153
George V, King of England, 153, 229, 382, 510
Agadir Crisis and, 724–25
Anglo-German naval talks and, 802
Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 845–46
and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 860
and attacks on veto power of House of Lords, 657–60
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 887
Churchill and, 780–81
Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 835–36
Dreadnought and, 483
Edward VII’s death and, 655–56
Fisher and, 449, 455
Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 537, 541
and German threat to France, 875
Home Rule and, 879
Naval Scare and, 616
Russo-German conflict and, 899–900
German Confederation, 60, 65, 160
German Empire:
Agadir Crisis and, 711, 724–43, 819
alliance negotiations between Britain and, 243–47, 257, 260, 265–70, 291–92, 300–307, 309, 341, 343, 345–46, 348, 594
Anglo-French Entente and, 345, 349–50, 354–55, 588–89
Anglo-French naval talks and, 825–26
Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 340
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595, 598, 600–601
Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 845–47
antagonism between France and, 60–61, 77–80
anti-Semitism in, 797–99
Army of, see Army, German
and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 860–61, 880
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 857, 860–70, 879–87, 891
Balkan Wars and, 838–39, 843
Belgium invaded by, 902, 907–8
Belgium threatened by, 893–903, 905, 907–8
Beresford’s visit to, 511
Bismarck’s legacy and, 100
Boers and, 221–24
Boer War and, 271–74, 307–8
Bosnia Crisis and, 605–8
Boxer Rebellion and, 276, 279–80, 282–87
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 627, 630, 632–38
British alienation from, xxv
British China policy and, 243
British naval talks with, 697–702, 707–10, 791–92, 801–5, 807–17, 820–21
and British occupation of Egypt, 83–84
and British supremacy at sea, xxiv–xxv
British war planning and, 745–46, 748
Campbell-Bannerman on, 562, 696
change in diplomacy toward Britain, 842–45
Chinese interests of, 171, 242, 276
Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 822–23, 825
Churchill’s Naval Holiday proposal and, 830–32
colonialism of, 84–90, 132, 135–37
in competition for Turkish railway concessions, 588, 682
Congress of Vienna on, 47–48, 51
constitution of, 65–67
creation of, 65
Daily Telegraph crisis and, 687–90
Dreadnought and, 484–86, 489
Eastern Question and, 212
Edward VII’s visits to, 18, 652–53
Eulenburg Affair and, 663
in exchange of territories with Britain, 209–10
Fashoda crisis and, 254
First Hague Peace Conference and, 431–32
Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 520, 522
Fisher on, 500
Fisher’s visit to, 414–15
France threatened by, 872–76, 884–85, 887–907
Grey’s apprehension about, 592n–93n
Haldane Mission to, 805, 807–15, 820–22, 825, 829
Jameson Raid and, 220, 222–25, 230–31
Kruger Telegram and, 224–28, 230–31, 240
mobilization of, 874–75
Morocco and, 349, 352, 354–68, 588–92, 594, 718–24, 741–43
Navy of, see Imperial Navy, German population and industrial growth of, 134–35
Russian conflict with, 870–77, 880–81, 884–85, 888, 891, 894–95, 899–900
Russian treaties with, 82
Samoan crisis and, 257–58, 260–61
unification of, 48, 58, 60, 64–71
war on France declared by, 907
at war with Britain, 908
see also Prussia
Giers, Nicholas, 113, 115
Giesl, Baron, 867
Gillford, Lord, 389–90
Gladstone, Herbert, 560
Gladstone, Mary, 315
Gladstone, William E., 132, 190–92, 332, 893
Balfour and, 315, 320
Bismarck and, 83–84
Boer War and, 550
and bombardment of Alexandria, 421
Campbell-Bannerman and, 548, 550
Chamberlain and, 232, 235–38
Eastern Question and, 197–98
Edward VII and, 18, 20
Fisher and, 424n
Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 529
German colonialism and, 88
Grey and, 583
H. H. Asquith and, 568–69, 576
Home Rule and, 235–37, 318, 642
Lansdowne and, 338
Margot Asquith and, 572
Rosebery and, 549
Salisbury and, 190, 201, 206
South Africa and, 216–17
Spencer and, 556
Victoria and, 22
and withdrawal from Egypt, 250
Gorchakov, Prince Alexander, 70, 79, 200, 595, 603
Gordon, Charles, 250, 507, 762
Goschen, Lord George, 192, 289, 295, 330
Goschen, Sir Edward, 890
Agadir Crisis and, 736n, 743
Anglo-German naval talks and, 707, 710
Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 847
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 883
Belgium and, 894
and British Fleet’s visit to Baltic ports, 851
Churchill’s Naval Holiday proposal and, 831
Daily Telegraph crisis and, 687
First Hague Peace Conference and, 430
and German threat to France, 873, 887–88
Haldane Mission and, 807
Naval Scare and, 624–25
Granville, George Leveson-Gower, Second Earl, 505
and British occupation of Egypt, 84
German colonialism and, 85–87
Great Britain:
Agadir Crisis and, 711, 724, 729–39, 742, 744, 748
alliance negotiations between Germany and, 243–47, 257, 260, 265–70, 291–92, 300–307, 309, 341, 343, 345–46, 348, 594
antagonism between France and, xxiii, 83, 341
anti-war movement in, 898–99, 901
Army of, see Army, British and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 880
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 862, 864–68, 879–87, 889, 891
Balkan Wars and, 838–40
Bismarck’s diplomacy and, 78, 82–90
Bismarck’s visits to, 52
Boer War and, 271–73, 281, 283, 288–89, 307–8, 310, 432, 434, 550–57, 587, 627–28, 630
Bosnia Crisis and, 605–7
Boxer Rebellion and, 275, 279–81, 283, 285–87
change in German diplomacy toward, 842–45
colonialism of, 84–87, 89
in competition for Turkish railway concessions, 588
Daily Telegraph crisis and, 686–89
Eastern Question and, 196–200, 212
Egypt occupied by, 83–85, 87, 248–51, 346–48, 588
in exchange of territories with Germany, 209–10
Fashoda crisis and, 248–56, 341–42
First Hague Peace Conference and, 429–32
Frederick III’s visits to, 39
French entente with, xxv, 342–50, 352–56, 359–67, 406, 446, 562, 588–92, 594, 663, 673, 729–30, 732
French naval talks with, 825–27
and German-Boer relations, 221–22
German colonialism and, 84–89, 132, 135–37
German Confederation’s Navy and, 160
German naval expansion and, 178–79, 181, 183–85, 244, 263, 269, 696–701, 707, 791, 800, 802, 809–17
German naval talks with, 697–702, 707–10, 791–92, 801–5, 807–17, 820–21
and German threat to Belgium, 893–94, 896–903, 905, 907–8
and German threat to France, 873, 875–76, 884–85, 887–93, 896–906
Holstein on, 132
Imperial Preference debate and, 325–35