McNamara, Robert S. 91, 97–98
Malaya 36, 47–49, 70
Manchuria 3, 25–27, 37, 41–43
Mao Zedong 39–45, 49–50 Korean War 53
and President Nixon 125
Taiwan Strait crisis 79–80
Manila 3
Markusen, Ann 118
Marshall, George C. 29–31, 43, 116–117
Marshall Plan 29–32, 47–48, 109–110
Marxism-Leninism 14–15, 17, 26–27, 64, 142–143
Masaryk, Jan 32
Mexico 11
Middle East 64–70
Middle East crisis (1973) 131–132
military bases Soviet 88–93
United States 7–8, 46, 51, 89–90, 92, 129–131
MIRVs (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles) 124–126
missile sites 88–89, 92
Mobuto, Joseph 85–86
Molotov, V. M. 14–15, 22, 29–31
Morocco 7
Mossadeq, Mohammed 65–67, 72–73
MPLA (Movement for the Popular Liberation of Angola) 133–134, 136–137
MRBMs (Medium Range Ballistic Missiles) 88–89
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) doctrine 94
MX (Missile Experimental) 143
N
Nagasaki 3, 25
Nagy, Imre 62–63
Napoleon, Emperor 11
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 67–69, 107–108
national security Soviet Union 11–12, 18–20
United States 11–12, 18–20
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 33–34, 51, 57, 76, 92–93, 140–141, 144–145 France and 95
German reunification 163
Vietnam War 96–97, 99–100
West Germany and 59
natural gas 148–149
Nehru, Jawaharlal 107–108
Netherlands, the 33–34, 47–49, 96–97, 104, 110, 150
neutron bombs 129–130
New Left 114
New Republic 10
New Zealand 7, 72
Ngo Dinh Diem 72, 86
Nicaragua 138, 145–146
Nitze, Paul 134–135, 152
Nixon, President Richard M. 87, 116–117, 120, 122–123, 127–128 detente 123, 126
and Middle East crisis 131–132
SALT talks 124–125
and Vietnam War 132–133
visit to China 125
Watergate scandal 127, 132
Nkrumah, Kwame 107–108
Norway 33–34
nuclear weapons 7–8, 156 arms race 57, 73–76, 78, 92–93, 155–156
Berlin crisis 82–83
Cuban missile crisis 78, 88–91, 94–95
dual track balance 150
INF Treaty 158
and Middle East crisis 132
public opinion on 146–148, 152–153
SALT 124–127, 134–139
and Second World War 12–13, 25
superpower parity 122
and Taiwan Strait crisis 80–81
O
oil 64–67, 132, 140–141, 156–157
Olympic Games (1980) 140–141
Outer Mongolia 37, 41–42
P
Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza Shah 65–66
Pakistan 46–47, 67, 72, 105–107
Panama 7
Paterson, Thomas G. 1
Pathet Lao 86
peace movement 150–153
Pearl Harbor (1941) 6–7, 10–11, 17–18
Pechatnov, Vladimir O. 32
People’s Republic of China see China
percentages agreement 20
perestroika (restructuring) 156
Pershing II missiles 144–145, 150–152
Persian Gulf 140–141
Peru 7
Philippines 3, 36, 46, 48–51, 72, 107
Poland 2–3, 12, 17, 27, 61–62, 128–129 post-war 20–24
Second World War casualties 2–3
Solidarity 148, 159–162
Polish corridor 11
Portugal 33–34, 133–134
Potsdam Conference (1945) 23–25, 51–52
Powers, Gary 83
Prague Spring (1968) 113
propaganda 17–18, 83
Putin, Vladimir 163–164
R
racism 114–115
Reagan, President Ronald 129–130, 134–135, 160 anti-communism of 141–143, 150–152, 157
and Premier Gorbachev 157–159
softening of anti-communist rhetoric 153–154, 157
trans-Siberian pipeline 148–149
Reagan Doctrine 145–146
Red Army 14–15, 17–18, 22, 27–28, 74–75
reparations 12–13, 20–22, 24–25
Reykjavik summit (1986) 158
Reynolds, David 111, 146–148
Rhee, Syngman 51–52
Roberts, Adam 163
Romania 23–24, 27, 61, 159–162
Roosevelt, President Franklin D. 7–8, 17–22 and Chiang Kai-shek 40–42
peace terms 20–22
Soviet commitment to enter Pacific war 41–42
Rupieper, Herman-Josef 109–110
Rusk, Dean 65, 91–92, 99
Russia 11, 163–164
S
SAC (US Strategic Air Command) 74
Sadat, Anwar al- 131
Sakharov, Andrei 135–136
SALT (strategic arms limitation treaty) accords 124–127, 129–130, 134–139
Sandinistas 138
Sargent, Daniel J. 127–128
satellites 75
Saturday Evening Post 10
Saudi Arabia 107
Schell, Jonathan 152–153
Schmidt, Chancellor Helmut 150
Schultz, George P. 152–153, 155
Scowcroft, Brent 163
SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative, US) 144, 158
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) 72
Second World War 1–2 American supplies to Soviet Union 17–18
American support for Chiang Kai-shek 40–42
in Asia 3, 37
casualties 1–3, 6, 10–11, 25
peace terms 19–20
second front during 18–19
segregationism 114–115
Senegal 7
September 11th terrorist attacks 6–7
Shevardnadze, Eduard 155–156, 162–163
Shirer, William 2–3
Siberia 11, 148–149
Singapore 36
Sino-Soviet Treaty (1950) 44–45, 49–50, 53–55
Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance (1945) 41–42
social psychology 115–116
Solidarity 148, 159–162
South Korea 107
Southeast Asia 45–50, 70–72; see also individual countries
Soviet Union 4–6, 97–98, 127–128 aid to new revolutionary regimes 136–137
arms race 94–95, 129
and China 121
commitment to enter Pacific war 20–22, 25, 41–42
in Congo 85–86
Cuban Missile Crisis 88–94
in East Asia 37
economy 112, 156–157
expansionist policy 10–15
genesis of détente policy 121
Helsinki agreements 129
and Hungarian revolt 62–63
ideology 14–15
importance of international status to 13, 123–124
invasion of Afghanistan 138–141
and Japan 41
and Middle East 131–132
non-aggression pact with Germany 16
post-war devastation 2–3, 10–11
and Premier Gorbachev 155–163
response to rearmed West Germany 58–59
in Second World War 18–19
shooting down Korean airliner 144–145
Stalin purges 13–14
Suez crisis 69
support for North Vietnam 100–101
Third W
orld policy 64–65
U-2 spy plane incident (1960) 83
and Vietnam 49–50, 100
and Warsaw Pact 61
and United States 17–18
and West Germany 128–129
Smith, Gaddis 137–138
Spellman, Cardinal Francis 117–118
Sputnik satellites 75
Somoza Debayle, Antonio 138
SS-20s 137, 150
Stalin, Joseph 13–16, 21, 23, 25, 33–34, 42, 53, 64 and China 42, 44–45
death of 60–61
and German reparations 12, 19–22
Khrushchev denounces 62
and the Marshall Plan 29–31
percentages agreements 20
President Truman’s opinion of 25
second front during Second World War 18–19
START (strategic arms limitations) 153–154
Stevenson, Adlai 116–117
Stimson, Henry 25
Suez Canal 56
Suez Crisis (1956) 67–70
Sukarno 47, 72–73, 105, 107
Syria 72–73, 131
T
Taiwan 43, 56
Taiwan Strait crisis (1958) 79–81
Tehran conference (1943) 19–20
Thailand 48–49, 72, 107
Thatcher, Margaret 148–149
Third World 64–65, 72–73, 85–86, 103–108, 120–121, 127, 129–131, 134; see also individual countries
Tito, Joseph Broz 61
Tokyo 3
trade 9 Eastern and Western Europe 128–129
embargoes 86–87, 140–141
for peace and stability 9
Soviet–American 127
Trident submarines 143
Truman, President Harry S. 2–3, 6–8, 22–27, 117–118 Chinese policy 43–44
Greek–Turkish aid package 29
and Korea 50–52
opinion of Stalin 25
rearmament of West Germany 58
and Southeast Asia 70–71, 104
Truman Doctrine 29
Tudeh Party 65–66
Turkey 27–29, 67, 92–93
U
Ukraine 163–164
Ulbricht, Walter 84–85
unemployment 110–111
United States 4–6, 15, 143, 145–146 alliance with Pakistan 105–106
anti-detentists in 134–135, 137–138
anti-nuclear campaigns 113–114
arms race 73–75
belated diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union 16–17
Bretton Woods Conference (1944) 9, 127–128
Chinese policy 40–45, 137, 140–141
Cold War’s impact on 114–119
communism in 114–117
Congo 62–63
covert operations 72–73, 79
Cuban Missile Crisis 87–95
defence spending 118, 140–141, 143
in East Asia 37
economy 6, 122–123, 127–128
fear of Marxism-Leninism 17
genesis of detente policy 121–122
Geneva Conference 61–62
German question 24–25, 31–32
Helsinki agreements 129–130
and Iran 65–67, 138–139
and Korean War 50–55
and Middle East 65–70, 131–132
national security of 6–9, 17–18, 27, 52–53, 121–122, 156
and NATO 37, 41–42, 47–48
and new world order 9–10, 15
and Philippines 46–47
and post-war Japan 37–39
rearmament of West Germany 51, 58–59
SALT talks 124–127, 129–130, 136–139
sanctions policy 148–149
Southeast Asian policy 45–50, 70–73
Strategic Defense Initiative 144
Taiwan Strait standoff 79–81
trade embargoes 86–87, 140–141
Truman Doctrine 29
Vietnam War 96–101, 121–125, 132–133
war casualties 6, 132–133
wartime supplies to Soviet Union 17–18
V
Valenti, Jack 98–99
Vance, Cyrus R. 135–136
Vienna 2–3
Vietnam 47, 49–50, 71–72, 86, 104–105, 108
Vietnam War (1964–75) 96–101, 121–125, 132–133 crippling costs of 123
final stages of 132–133
W
Warsaw 2–3
Warsaw Pact 61–63
Watergate scandal 127, 132
Wedemeyer, General Albert 43
West Berlin 32–33, 128–129
West Germany 31–33, 82, 109–110, 114, 148–152 and detente 128–129
peace movement 150–152
rearmament 51, 58–59
reunification 162–163
Westad, Odd Arne 64, 136–137
Whitfield, Stephen J. 115–116
Wilhelm, Kaiser 11
World Bank 9, 67–68
World Council of Churches 152–153
world order 3–4, 9–10, 15
World War II see Second World War
Y
Yalta Conference (1945) 20–22, 41–42, 125
Yoshida, Shigeru 44–45
Young, John 117–118
Yugoslavia 1–2, 20–22, 61
Z
Zhdanov, Andrei 32
Zhou Enlai 125