Netherlands, 98, 130, 187
Newsweek, 115
New Yorker, The, 240
New York Times, 10, 108, 109, 110, 228, 239, 258–59
New York Tribune, 54
New Zealand, 271
Nicaragua, 35, 39, 301
Nicolson, Harold, 253, 264–65
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 239
Nimiery, Gafar, 215
Nigeria, 31
1960s: see United States Nisbet, Robert, 227, 242
Nitze, Paul, 159, 173, 175
Nixon, Pat (Mrs. Richard), 21
Nixon, Richard
on communism, 14, 15, 42, 46–49
as Congressman, 248
and détente, 15, 48–49, 266–67
energy policy, 222–23
Foreign Affairs article (1967), 137
and Israel, 93
on Khruschev, 48, 49, 292
“linkage” policy, 267–68
on military draft, 201
on negotiating with Soviet Union, 293–95
1953 trip to China, 129, 213
1956 trip to Austria, 22
1958 speech before English-Speaking Union of the Commonwealth, 311
1958 trip to Venezuela, 47
1959 trip to Poland, 48
1972 trip to Soviet Union, 48–49, 290–91
1972 trip to China, 127, 132, 133, 136–37, 141, 158–60, 266–67, 290–91, 301
1974 trip to Soviet Union, 49, 208
1976 trip to China, 127, 139
1979 trip to China, 127, 130, 139, 148–49
as President, 48–49, 116, 117, 162–63, 201, 206, 219, 249, 258–60, 290–91
and “Project Independence,” 222–23, 225
and SALT I, 167, 173
on Shah of Iran, 274–76
and Soviet leaders, 2, 47–49, 291–92
and Vietnam War, 97, 106–109, 113
on wage and price controls, 219, 220
on “windfall profits” tax, 224
and Yom Kippur War, 265
Nixon Doctrine, 106–107, 123, 197–99, 284
Nol: see Lon Nol
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 30, 33, 44, 66, 146, 164, 191, 255, 281
defense capability of, 176–85 passim
France in, 186
oil and, 187–89
Spain in, 186
North Korea, 4, 12, 37, 190, 192, 254; see also Korean War
North Vietnam, 4, 8, 40, 45, 101–106, 115, 117, 118, 121, 282; see also Paris peace conference; Vietnam War
North Yemen, 82, 86, 87
Norway, 181
Novak, Michael, 199, 242
Novak, Robert, 35
Nuclear weapons
ABMs, 167, 168
control of, 153, 158, 160, 167–76 passim
ICBMs, 158, 159–60, 171, 176, 180, 183
“mutual assured destruction” (MAD), 161–62, 163, 167
and NATO, 180–85
neutron bomb, 182
strategic vs. theater, 183–85
SLBMs, 158
U.S. vs. Soviet, 2, 12, 151–66 passim, 197
See also SALT
Nunn, Sam, 179
Obstructionists, 2
Ogaden: see Ethiopia Ohira, Masayoshi, 270
Oil
of Iran, 78, 80
of Latin America, 35–36
of Persian Gulf, 23, 71–75, 85, 187, 188, 222
Suez crisis and, 78–79
U.S. dependency on, 29, 72, 74, 80, 223
Oman, 24, 75, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 95, 301
On Thermonuclear War (Kahn), 150
OPEC: see Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Opium Wars, 130
Organization of African Unity, 241
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 38, 72, 74, 79–80, 81, 205, 221, 225
Ottoman Empire, 65, 66
Pahlevi: see Riza Pahlevi; Riza Shah Pahlevi
Pakistan, 9, 10, 11, 78, 83, 89, 259
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 37, 38, 40, 86–87
Palestinians, 86, 87, 93
Panama, 35
Panama Canal, 36
Paris peace conference (1972–73), 113, 114, 116, 117, 118–19, 252
Patrice Lumumba Friendship University (Moscow), 37, 38
Patton, George S., 73
Pentagon Papers, 258–59
People’s Republic of China, 2, 8, 9, 12, 13, 31, 89
agriculture, 203
Cultural Revolution, 134
“Gang of Four,” 144, 145
Great Leap Forward, 134
leaders of, 2, 127, 132, 133, 142, 144
Long March, 134
natural resources, 143
RN’s 1972 visit to, 127, 132, 133, 136–37, 141, 266–67, 290–91, 302
RN’s 1979 visit to, 127, 130, 139, 148–49
Republic of China and, 145–46
Soviet Union and, 13–14, 15, 21, 58, 134–36, 140, 146–47, 178, 283, 284, 302, 303
U.S. normalization of relations with, 147
and Vietnam War, 112–13, 138, 304
See also Imperial China; Republic of China
People’s Will: see Narodnaya Volya
Persia, 52, 53
Persian Gulf, 11, 13, 23, 38, 67, 71–75, 80, 81–83, 121, 187, 189, 191, 268, 271, 305
oil supplies of, 11, 71–75, 85, 187, 188, 222
Soviet Union and, 13, 71–73, 78, 82–85, 89, 305–306
strategic position of, 23, 71, 74, 75, 81–82, 86–89, 90–91, 296
Peru, 34, 35, 301
Peter I (“the Great”), 53, 55–56, 60, 63
Petroleum: see Oil Pfaff, William, 240
Philippines, 67, 301
Pipes, Richard, 163–64
“Pirate Coast”: see United Arab Emirates
PLO: see Palestine Liberation Organization
Podhoretz, Norman, 242
Poland, 18, 19, 53, 54, 56, 209, 210
John Paul II’s trip to, 311
RN’s 1959 trip to, 48
Polish Home Army, 18
Politburo, 32, 234, 295
Pol Pot, 121, 146
Pompidou, Georges, 270
Pope: see John Paul II
Popular Front for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 28
Portugal, 19, 187, 302
and Africa, 27–28, 29
Potsdam Conference, 18
Presidency, of U.S.
and allies, 271–72
Commander-in-Chief, 248–49, 269
diplomacy, 250–53, 269
and secrecy, 257–60
and security of West, 1–2
uses of power, 4–5, 269
“Project Independence,” 222–23, 225
Prussia, 54
Pushkin, Alexander, 59
Qaddafi, Muammar el-, 80
Qatar, 24, 75, 87
Quemoy, 255
Qian Long, Emperor, 128
Qin Shihuang-di, Emperor, 133
Radio Free Europe, 310
Radio Liberty, 310
“Radish communists,” 25
Red Brigades, 40, 205
Red Sea, 27
Reed, John, 240
Republic of China, 57–58, 129, 132, 137, 138, 140–41, 203
RN’s 1953 visit to, 129
People’s Republic of China and, 145–46
Quemoy and Matsu, 255
See also Imperial China; People’s Republic of China
Reston, James, 74, 255–56
“Revolutionary war,” 97, 123, 124, 197, 199, 239
Rhodesia: see Zimbabwe Rhodesia
Rinfret, Pierre, 120
Riza Pahlevi, Mohammed, 10, 38, 239, 272–76
RN on, 274–76
Riza Shah Pahlevi, 275
Rockefeller, John D., 72
Romania, 19, 209, 210, 213
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 69, 283
Roosevelt, Theodore, 138, 193, 272
Royster, Vermont
, 218–19
Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah, 90, 239, 275
Russia, pre-Muscovite, 50–52, 53;
see also Imperial Russia; Muscovite Russia; Soviet Union
Russian Revolution, 42, 49–50, 57, 232, 235
Sadat, Anwar el-, 84, 89, 93, 94, 252
Safire, William, 109–10
Saigon: see Ho Chi Minh City; South Vietnam
St. Lucia, 35
Sakharov, Andrei, 72
Sato, Eisaku, 190, 270
Saudi Arabia, 27, 28, 74, 80, 82, 85, 86–88, 95, 178, 275
siege of Grand Mosque at Mecca, 38–39, 83
Savimbi, Jonas, 28, 32
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., 295
Schlesinger, James, 180–81, 188
Schmidt, Helmut, 178 Scientific American, 150
Second World War: see World War II
Selassie, Haile, 25, 26
Seton-Watson, Hugh, 241
Shaba: see Zaire
Shah of Iran: see Riza Pahlevi, Mohammed
Shaw, George Bernard, 240
Shiites: see Islam Shoup, David M., 262
Siad Barre, Mohammed, 23, 26
Sidey, Hugh, 248
Siemon-Netto, Uwe, 39
Sieyés, Emmanuel Joseph, 309
Sihanouk, Norodom, 107–108
Simon, William, 223, 225
Singapore, 75
Sino-Soviet split: see People’s Republic of China; Soviet Union
Six-Day War (1967), 79–80
Slessor, John, 200
Slim, William, 288
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 60, 244, 303
Somalia, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 87, 301
South Africa, 30, 32, 75, 241, 277
mineral resources of, 30
racial troubles in, 31, 33
U.S. policy toward, 33
Southern Africa
mineral resources of, 23, 28, 30
racial troubles in, 30–31
strategic position of, 30–31
South Korea, 101, 177, 192, 225, 254; see also Korean War
South Vietnam, 3, 21, 34, 84, 101–108 passim, 110–11, 114
Army of (ARVN), 105, 110
See also Paris peace agreement; Vietnam War
South Yemen, 3, 12, 19, 24, 35, 37, 38, 75, 82–83, 84–88 passim, 94
Soviet Union
and Afghanistan, 9–12, 45, 72, 85, 89, 90, 147–48, 256, 280, 306
and Africa, 4, 9, 19, 24–29, 32, 152, 198, 206, 207, 308
agriculture, 203–204, 239–40
anti-Semitism, 22
arms buildup of, 2, 4, 12, 19, 151
dissidents in, 14
and Eastern Europe, 19, 66, 209, 210, 303
economy, 203–205
emigration policy of, 22
expansionism of, 3, 4, 8, 12, 15, 17–19, 36, 41–42, 54, 65, 66, 165, 301, 308, 310
five-year plans of, 5
foreign aid, 213
and hegemony, 21, 22–23, 85
and Iran, 98, 275
Japan and, 13, 14, 176, 178, 189–93
KGB, 38, 40, 55, 60, 64
and Latin America, 4, 33–36
leaders of, 2, 8, 41, 42, 44–45, 47–49, 60–64, 233–36, 267, 291–92, 295
military capability of, 20, 49, 151–66 passim, 180, 228, 299–300, 304
RN’s 1972 trip to, 48–49, 290–91
RN’s 1974 trip to, 49, 208
and North Vietnam, 4, 117, 118
oil, 89, 94, 188, 204
and People’s Republic of China, 13–14, 15, 21, 58, 134–36, 140, 146–47, 178, 283, 284, 302, 303
and Persian Gulf, 71–73, 78, 82–85, 89, 305–306
and Republic of China, 57–58, 132
terrorism of, 37–38, 41
totalitarianism, 236, 307
trade with U.S., 207–209
World War II, 17–19, 62, 66, 73, 235
and “World War III,” 22–23, 44–45, 166, 215, 280, 297, 298
See also Imperial Russia; Muscovite Russia
Stalin, Joseph, 14, 17, 18, 19, 23, 47, 54, 55, 56, 60–64 passim, 66, 73, 166, 204, 234, 235, 236, 240, 241, 248
Standard Oil, 72; see also Exxon
State Department: see U.S. Department of State Steffens, Lincoln, 8
Stennis, John, 189
Straits of Hormuz, 24, 83, 88, 89, 196
Straits of Malacca, 196
Strategic Alternatives Team, 176
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 174–75, 183, 200, 268
Jackson Amendment, 153, 159
SALT I, 153, 158, 167–70, 171, 173, 259, 268
SALT II, 160, 165, 169, 171–73, 192
Sudan, 215, 302
Suez Canal, 78, 196
Suez crisis (1956), 78–79, 93, 254–55, 283
Sunnis: see Islam
Sun Tzu, 105, 162, 300
Sun Yat-sen, 57, 131, 132
Sun Yat-sen, Madame, 132
Sweden, 53, 261
Switzerland, 261
Syria, 86, 186
Szamuely, Tibor, 51
Taiwan: see Republic of China Taraki, Noor Mohammed, 10, 11
Taylor, Maxwell, 100
Tehran Conference, 18
Teller, Edward, 225, 230
Terrorism, 37–41, 86–87
Thailand, 124
Thatcher, Margaret, 216
Thieu, Nguyen Van, 104, 114, 118, 119, 124, 239, 245
Third World, 97, 189, 198, 215, 277, 298–99, 301, 303, 305–310
nationalism in, 97
“Third World War”: see “World War III”
Thompson, Robert, 6, 43, 89, 96, 97, 100, 102, 107, 112, 228, 306
Tibet, 65
Tito, Josip Broz, 39
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 46, 50, 70, 126
Tolstoy, Leo, 47, 49, 59
Tower, John, 175
Treaty of Peking (1860), 57
Trotsky, Leon, 233
Truman, Harry S., 47, 73, 74, 82, 248, 254, 279
Truman Doctrine, 66, 74, 281
Turkey, 47, 53, 66, 73, 74, 78, 82, 89, 186, 213–14, 283
Turkmenistan, 90
Uganda, 241
Ukraine, 22, 61
Ulyanov, Alexander, 59, 60
Ulyanov, Vladimir: see Lenin, V. I.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): see Soviet Union
UNITA: see National Union of Angola
United Arab Emirates, 75, 83, 85, 87
United Nations, 44, 69, 283
Korean War and, 98, 192
United States (U.S.) arms sales, 197–98
Cambodia and, 107–11
Constitution of, 43
economy of, 14, 203, 215, 216–21, 300, 305
energy policy, 221–26
inflation in, 217–21
isolationism of, 66, 67, 69
Israel and, 92–93
military capability, 2, 12, 16, 49, 151–166 passim, 180, 228
oil and, 23, 72, 74, 80, 187–88
People’s Republic of China and, 2, 112, 134, 136–43 passim, 146–49, 211–12, 260, 283, 284, 285, 302–303
space program, 314
trade with Soviet Union, 207–209
World War II, 65–68, 104, 206
and “World War III,” 22–23, 166, 206, 215, 242, 279, 311–12
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 156
U.S. Congress, 40, 111, 116, 117, 167, 219
and energy policy, 222
and inflation, 219
and Vietnam War, 111, 116, 117, 118, 119, 123
U.S. Constitution, 43
U.S. Department of Defense, 262
U.S. Department of Energy, 224
U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 217
U.S. Department of State, 68, 147, 177
U.S. Presidency: see Presidency
Uruguay, 34
Utgoff, Victor, 150
Van Cleave, William, 176
Venezuela, 36, 38, 80
Victoria, Queen, 68
Vienna Summit (1961), 255
Vietcong, 39, 40, 107, 108, 109
Vietnam, 2, 12, 21, 96, 111, 146, 203, 214, 240, 241, 245
boat people of, 14, 21, 111, 121
Buddhists in, 102, 103
1954 partition of, 99, 100
post-World War II, 98–99
Vietnam War, 2, 8, 19, 39–40, 45, 82, 96–97, 104–105, 120–24, 238, 258, 284, 301
Americanization of, 105, 106
Cambodia in, 108–11
in early 1960s, 100–104, 109
1965 U.S. bombing in North, 104
1968 Tet offensive, 115
1969 U.S. bombing in Cambodia, 108–11
1972 U.S. mining of Haiphong Harbor, 112–13, 116
1972 Paris peace conference, 113
1973 Paris peace agreement, 113–14, 116, 117, 118–19, 124
RN and, 97, 106–109, 113
People’s Republic of China and, 112–13, 138, 304
Soviet Union and, 96, 112, 117, 118
U.S. press and, 102–103, 115, 244
U.S. Congress and, 111, 116, 117, 244
Vietnamization of, 106–107, 109, 110
Wall Street Journal, 276–77
Walters, Vernon G., 257
Warsaw Pact, 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 200
Washington, George, 237
Watergate, 8, 116, 117, 123
Weidenbaum, Murray L., 217
Western Europe, 14, 33, 81, 90–91, 94, 152, 176–78, 179, 180, 184, 187, 308
and Africa, 27–29
Communist parties of, 308
economies of, 14, 178
and “World War III,” 22–23
West Germany, 39, 40, 164, 203, 280, 304
economy, 203
Wilson, Arnold, 71
Wilson, Harold, 270, 273
Wilson, Woodrow, 15, 21, 253, 265, 312
“Windfall profits” tax, 224
Wolfe, Bertram, 59
World Bank, 214
World War I, 15, 60, 65, 68, 73, 245, 246, 269
World War II, 14, 16, 47, 65, 66–69, 73, 98, 204, 245, 246, 269, 304, 307
and genesis of “World War III,” 17–19
“World War III”
Africa and, 23–25
and communism, 21
defined, 17, 37
economic strength and, 202, 212, 215
issues of, 19–20
origins of, 17–19
Soviet aims in, 22–23, 43–15, 166, 205, 215, 280, 297, 298
U.S. and, 22–23, 116, 206, 215, 229, 242, 244, 279, 295–99, 311–12
Vietnam War and, 96, 244–45
Xiaoping: see Deng Xiaoping
Yalta Conference, 18, 293
Yemen: see North Yemen; South Yemen
Yom Kippur War (1973), 12, 80, 84, 93, 180, 187, 256, 265
Young, Andrew, 121–22, 239
Yugoslavia, 19, 209
Zahedi, Ardeshir, 78
Zahedi, Fazollah, 78, 272
Zaire, 29, 30
Shaba province, 29
Zanzibar, 88
Zhou Enlai, 127, 132, 136–37, 259, 291
Zimbabwe Rhodesia, 29, 30, 32