and Marlborough’s march to Danube, 264, 268
and Marlborough at the Schellenberg, 270
awarded Garter, 280
and tacked Occasional Conformity Bill, 298–9
and Anne’s changed relations with Sarah, 299
and building of Blenheim Palace, 300
and Sunderland’s appointment to Vienna, 304
and funding of 1705 campaign, 309
and Marlborough’s manoeuvres in 1705 campaign, 310, 317
and Marlborough’s frustration with Slangenburg, 325
and Prince Louis’ defeat by Villars, 331
and death of Bringfield, 343
and commanders in Iberian Peninsula, 350
on Galway’s command in Iberian Peninsula, 351
as Anne’s chief minister, 353
earldom, 353
on senior officers remaining in London, 354–5
and appointment of Bishop of Winchester, 355
and Allied attack on Toulon, 360
demands Harley’s dismissal, 363
and admission of Somers to Cabinet, 364
and Marlborough’s depression over loss of Ghent, 377
and Marlborough’s actions and victory at Oudenarde, 379, 391
and Marlborough’s strategy at Lille, 396, 404
informed of Webb’s Wynendaele battle, 400
on Webb’s promotion, 401
on Prince George’s health decline and death, 408–9
Marlborough fails to consult over appointment as captain general for life, 413
on Sacheverell’s trial, 414
Marlborough writes to on Villars in Flanders, 417
and Marlborough’s move on Mons (1709), 421
and Dutch at Malplaquet, 430
warns Anne of Marlborough’s resignation threat, 442–3
Anne dismisses, 443–4
death and burial, 444, 464
and Craggs, 445
and Anne’s determination to dismiss Sarah, 449
and Marlborough’s siege of Bouchain, 457
protests in Lords at Treaty of Utrecht terms, 462
Godolphin, William (Marlborough’s grandson), 280
Goes, Johann Peter, Count, 201
Goësbriand, Lieutenant General de, 424
Gondrin, Louis Antoine de Pardaillan, marquis de, 336
Goodman, Cardell, 63
Goor, Lieutenant General Johan van, 255–6, 271, 273, 275
Gorsuch, Colonel Charles, 405
Goslinga, Sicco van:
sees Marlborough at prayer, 139
at battle of Landen, 182
on Dutch deputies on campaign, 199
and Marlborough’s 1705 campaign in Brabant, 312
and Dutch view of Marlborough’s conduct of war, 317
declines honour from Emperor, 318
at battle of Ramillies, 335, 347
on Marlborough’s alarm at loss of Ghent and Bruges, 372
in Flanders campaign (1708), 373–4
at battle of Oudenarde, 388
attends council of war with Marlborough, 391
on capture of Lille, 404
on Marlborough’s 1709 Flanders campaign, 418
on peace terms with France (1709), 420–1
in battle of Malplaquet, 429
on Tilly’s wife, 455
and Marlborough’s 1711 campaign against Villars, 456
Mémoires relatifs à la Guerre de Succession, 9–10
Grafton, Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of:
acquires regiment, 54
birth, 62
in Cockpit circle, 108
opposes Monmouth’s rebellion, 124
conspires against James II, 136
and William’s invasion and advance, 150
abandons James II, 151
death in Ireland, 170
Graham, Lieutenant Colonel:
killed (1689), 161
grain prices:
in London, 441
Gramont, Philibert comte de, 83, 311
Grand Alliance:
Elector of Bavaria leaves, 239
Marlborough holds together, 479
Grand Alliance, Treaty of (1701), 193, 201–2
Grave, Netherlands, 224–5, 227
Great Bedwyn (constituency), 31–2
Great Britain:
constituted (1707), 356
first Parliament (1707), 363
financial difficulties, 440–1
rise to world power, 477
see also England
Great Northern War (1700–20), 306, 358
Great Trill (house), Axminster, 42
Greg, William, 363
Gregg, Edward, 103, 210, 237–8, 328, 438, 450
grenades and grenadiers, 72–3, 116
Grenville, George, 219
Greville, Colonel John, 170
Grey de Ruthin, Henry Yelverton, 15th Baron, 140
Grey of Wark, Ford Grey, 3rd Baron, 18, 111, 123–4
Griffin, Edward, 99, 107
Groenwald, 385–7
Grumbkow, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 376, 388, 407
Guedalla, Philip, 14
Gueldermalsen, Adriaen van Borssele van der, Baron, 196, 231, 391
Guelders, 231, 249
Guiche, Antoine Charles IV Gramont, comte de, 340, 424
Guiscard, Jean, 130
Guiscard, Martha, 130
Guiscard-Magny, Louis, marquis de, 341
Gwyn, John, 53–4
Gwyn, Nell, 27, 91, 109
Hacker, John, 126
Hague, The:
Mauritshuis, 193
Marlborough visits Heinsius in, 222
postal service, 223
French negotiate in (1705), 318–19
peace negotiations in (1709), 409–10
Haguenau, Lines of, 326, 331
Haine, river, 422
halberds, 307
Hales, Colonel Sir Edward, 131 & n, 132
Halifax, Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of:
ennobled, 28
in Whig junto, 35n; and Exclusion crisis, 93
on Rochester’s position, 101
and birth of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, 137
and William’s accession, 156
and Marlborough’s imprisonment in Tower, 180
sets up Bank of England, 189
and Marlborough’s award of commissions, 208
and Marlborough’s administrative duties, 448
Hall, Jacob, 63
Hamilton, Charles (‘comte d’Arran’), 65
Hamilton, Sir David, 445, 448–9, 463
Hamilton, Frances, Lady see Tyrconnell, Frances, Countess of
Hamilton, Sir George:
commands Irish regiment, 52, 80, 86
and battle of Sinsheim, 80
marriage to Frances Jennings, 86
killed, 89
Hamilton, James Douglas, 4th Duke of (earlier Earl of Arran), 19, 65
Hamilton, James (Jacobite agent), 474
Hamilton, Colonel John, 20
Hamilton, Colonel Richard, 158
Hampton Court, 57
Hanover:
Marlborough visits, 329
Hanover, Ernst Augustus, Elector of, 261, 328–9
Hanover, George, Elector of see George I, King
Hanover, Prince Georg August, Elector of, 192
Hanover, Sophia, Electress of, 191–2, 328
death, 468–9
Hanoverian succession, 15, 37, 192, 261, 328–9, 463
Happy Return (ship), 99
Hapsburgs:
and Spanish succession, 193, 452
antagonise Hungarians, 250
super-state averted, 459
Harcourt, Marshal Henri I, duc d’ (1709), 216
Harcourt, Simon, 1st Viscount, 444
Hare, Francis, 8, 374
Harley, Robert see Oxford and Mortimer, 1st Earl of
Harley, Thomas, 468
&
nbsp; Harris, Frances, 473, 477
Harris, Tim, 34, 37
Hart, Charles, 63
Harvey, Major General Daniel, 264, 355
Harvey, William, 14
Hauterive, 402
Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 477
Hawley, Lieutenant General Henry (‘Hangman’), 205
Hay, Colonel Lord John, 347–8
Hearne, Captain Nicholas, 405, 446
Hearne, Thomas, 441
Hedges, Sir Charles, 206, 208, 325
Heidelberg, 259
Heidenheim, 266, 306
Heinsius, Anthonie:
and French invasion of Spanish Netherlands, 193
background and diplomatic career, 200
relations with William of Orange, 200
relations with Marlborough, 201, 222
and Marlborough’s responsibilities, 203
and Dutch cavalry armour, 206
and threat from Boufflers, 224, 229
and siege of Venlo, 227
Marlborough recommends Gell to, 232
and death of Marlborough’s son, 236
and additional troops for campaign, 240
on Cutts’s plans, 241
and English threat to retain Ostend, 243
and attempt on Antwerp, 244
and Marlborough’s pessimism over conduct of war, 246
and Dutch failure to support offensive action, 247, 256
and Marlborough’s view of importance of Prince William of Baden, 251
Marlborough urges to support Austrians, 254
and Marlborough’s strategy against Villeroi, 256
and Marlborough’s plans to harass Bavaria, 277
and siege of Ingolstadt, 279
acknowledges Marlborough’s princely title, 303
on French threat to Liège and Limburg, 310
and Marlborough’s plans in 1705 campaign, 311, 317
and Marlborough’s frustration with Slangenburg, 325
and Marlborough’s ill-health, 328
and Marlborough’s plans for 1706 campaign, 330–1
and diversionary attack on Toulon, 357–8
and Marlborough’s campaign against Vendôme, 361
letter to Marlborough on failure in Spain, 362
warns of difficulties in 1708 campaign, 362
warned of proposal to abandon Brussels, 371
and siege of Lille, 398
and peace negotiations with France, 419–20, 435
told of Marlborough’s money rewards, 439
and increase in British troops, 448
and Eugène’s command on Rhine, 452
and Prussian claim on Prince of Orange’s territories, 453
and Marlborough’s 1711 strategy, 456
Helchin, 395
Henderson, Sir Nicholas, 267
Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I, 51
Herbert, Admiral Arthur see Torrington, 1st Earl of
Herbert of Cherbury, Henry, 4th Baron:
duel with Marlborough, 61
Herlegem, 386–7
Hertford, Algernon Seymour, Marquess of (later 7th Duke of Somerset), 207, 446
Hervey, Isabella, Lady, 23, 63
Hervey, John, Baron (later 1st Earl of Bristol):
title, 28, 238
on Willigo Blandford, 449
Hesdin, 453
Hesse-Cassel, Frederick, Prince of (later King of Sweden), 251, 258, 268, 275, 395, 400, 429–30
Hesse-Cassel, Louis, Prince of, 344
Heurne, 384
Heyden, Baron de, 227
Hibbert, Christopher, 476
‘High Germany’ (song), 306
High Wycombe (constituency), 33
Hill, Abigail see Masham, Abigail, Lady
Hill, Jack, 23, 190, 414–15, 442, 446
Höchstäadt, 281–2
battle of (1703), 251
Hodges, Charles, 268
Hodges, Colonel, 161
Hogneau, river, 432
Hollins, Colonel, 447
Holmes, Colonel Abraham, 112, 125
Holstein-Beck, Anthony Gunther, Prince of, 230
Holy Roman Empire see Austria
Holywell House, near St Albans, 100, 102, 208, 238, 472–3
Hompesch, Major General Reynout Vincent, Baron, 245, 272, 299, 311, 454–6
Honeywood, Colonel Philip, 24, 445–6
Hooke, Robert, 14
Hop, Jacob, 243–5
Horn, Count, 272, 275
Hornes, Philippe Maximilian, comte de, 315
Hounslow Heath:
military camps, 134, 137
Hucker, Captain John, 123
Huddlestone, Father John, 109
Hudson’s Bay Company, 110, 135
Huguenots:
flee France, 129–30
refugee troops against French, 330
Humières, Marshal Louis de Crevant, duc d’, 159–62
Hungary:
rebellion against Austrian Empire, 250–1
Huntingdon, George Hastings, 8th Earl of, 228
Huy:
captured, 247, 249
French threaten, 259, 332
Villeroi captures, 310
trenches, 312
garrison exchanged for prisoners of war, 367
Hyde, Anne see York, Duchess of
Hyde, Lieutenant James, 99
Hyde, Laurence see Rochester, 1st Earl of
Iberian Peninsula see Portugal; Spain Indulgence, Declarations of:
(1672), 67, 77
(1688), 28
Industrial Revolution, 14, 31
infantry tactics:
battalion and platoon firing, 284–5
Ingoldsby, Lieutenant General Richard, 204, 312, 478
Ingolstadt, 250
siege (1704), 279
Innocent XI, Pope, 146
interest and influence (patronage), 22–7, 31
Ireland:
troops raised, 50
and religious persecution, 130
army reformed under James II, 132–4
campaign in (1690–1), 159, 164–71
foreign troops in, 169–70
Marlborough’s expedition to, 169–70
troops at Malplaquet, 427
see also Boyne, battle of the
Irwin, Major, 405
Italy:
campaigns, 224, 309, 329–30, 359
Marlborough plans visit to, 331
French withdraw from, 350, 356, 359
Jacobites and Jacobitism:
as threat, 15
Marlborough maintains links with, 153, 165–6, 184, 191, 392, 467, 471, 474
rebellion (1715), 153, 470–1
ex-officers embrace, 158
Godolphin’s links with, 165
plots, 187
attempted landing in Scotland (1708), 215, 364, 369, 370
Whigs fear invasion, 463
rebellion (1745), 471
Jaeger, Marie Sophie, 366
James I, King of England (James VI of Scotland), 27, 67
James II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (earlier Duke of York):
Marlborough abandons, 3, 151–3
mistresses and affairs, 14, 47, 87
deposed, 15–16
and cruel punishments, 18, 95
exile in Netherlands, 26, 92–3
Declaration of Indulgence (1688), 28
and military officers, 36
Arlington serves, 45
affair and children with Arabella Churchill, 47–8
marriage to Anne Hyde, 47
and Marlborough’s army commission, 55
Marlborough serves, 57–8, 70, 92
as colonel of Lord High Admiral’s Regiment, 61
naval command against Dutch, 68–9
favours Marlborough, 77, 89
Catholicism, 78, 95, 128–9, 131–3, 138–9
resigns office over religion, 78
second marriage (to Mary of Modena), 78
reliance on Irish Catholics, 90
and exclusion crisis, 91–3
in Scotland, 93–5
Argyll opposes, 95–6
character, 96
returns to England (1682), 96–7
escapes from sinking Gloucester, 97–9
and Anne’s marriage to Prince George, 106
accession, 109
and Charles II’s deathbed Catholic reconciliation, 109
financial support from Louis XIV, 109
grants English barony to Marlborough, 110
and Monmouth rebellion, 111, 113–14
unpopularity, 128–9, 166
army, 131–5
dissolves Parliament, 131–2
allows decline of militias, 132
conspiracies against, 135–6, 141–4
birth of son, 137
seeks repeal of Test Acts, 137
touches for King’s Evil, 138
and William’s invasion of England, 142, 145, 147, 149–50, 155
nosebleeds, 149–50
Marlborough maintains relations with, 150, 165–6
abandons plans to resist William, 151
flees to France, 155–6
campaign in Ireland, 159, 164, 166–8
letter of submission from Anne, 166
and death of daughter Mary, 186
and Jacobite plots, 187
court at St Germain en Laye, 193
supports assassination of William, 193
death, 194
James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales (‘the Old Pretender’):
portrait, 12
birth, 137, 141
and succession to James II, 141
and Jacobite rebellion (1715), 153, 471
claims to throne, 166, 191
Louis XIV recognises as James’s heir, 194
Marlborough demands expulsion from France, 201
attempted landing in Britain (1708), 215, 364, 369
on campaign in Low Countries, 226
with Burgundy at battle of Oudenarde, 392
warns French against offering battle for Lille, 395–6
Catholicism, 468
and succession to Anne, 468
Jeffreys, George, Baron, 126
Jenkins’ Ear, War of (1739), 458
Jennings, Frances (Sarah Marlborough’s mother), 83–4, 86
Jennings, Frances (Sarah’s sister) see Tyrconnell, Countess of
Jennings, Richard (Sarah Marlborough’s father), 83
Jermy, Thomas, 97
Jersey, Barbara, Countess of (née Chiffinch), 25–6, 162–3
Jersey, Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of, 162–3
Jones, George Hilton, 147
Jones, Inigo, 56
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, 250, 326, 329, 362
death and succession, 452, 458
Junto see Whigs
Kane, Brigadier General Richard:
papers, 8
commends Withers at Maastricht, 75
on Dutch view of Marlborough as commander, 199
and siege of Venlo, 228
on march into Germany, 258–9