David Knight, Humphry Davy: Vision and Power, Blackwell Science Biographies, 1992
Davy Lamont-Brown, Humphry Davy: Life Beyond the Lamp, History Press, 2004
John Ayrton Paris, The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, 2 vols, 1831
Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity, HarperCollins, 1997
Nicholas Roe (editor), Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the Sciences of Life, OUP, 2001,
W.D.A. Smith, Under the Influence: A History of Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Anaesthesia, Macmillan, 1982
Robert Southey, The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, edited by C.C. Southey, vols 1-2, 1849
Dorothy A. Stansfield, Thomas Beddoes MD: Chemist, Physician, Democrat, Reidel Publishing, Boston, 1984
Thomas Thorpe, Humphry Davy, Poet and Philosopher, 1896
Anne Treneer, The Mercurial Chemist: A Life of Sir Humphry Davy, Methuen, 1963
THE SAFETY LAMP AND CONTROVERSY
A Collection of all Letters in Newcastle papers relating to Safety Lamps, London, 1817. See British Library catalogue Tracts 8708.i.2 (1)
Humphry Davy, On the Safety Lamp for Preventing Explosions, London, 1825 (contains an Appendix on the use of his safety lamps in Europe)
Humphry Davy, On the Safety Lamp for Coal Miners, with Some Researches into Flame (6 papers), London, 1818. See also his revised version in Collected Works, Vol 6, 1840
J.H.H. Holmes, A Treatise on Coalmining of Durham and Northumberland and the Explosions of Firedamp in the last 20 Years, London, 1816, British Library catalogue 726.e.37
Frank A.J.L. James, ‘How Big is a Hole? The Problems of the Practical Application of Science in the Invention of the Miners’ Safety Lamp by Humphry Davy and George Stephenson in Late Regency England’, in Transactions of the Newcomen Society 75, 2005, pp.175-227
John Playfair, ‘Sir Humphry Davy’s Safety Lamp’, in Edinburgh Review LI, 1816, pp.230-40
‘Report of the Select Committee on Accidents in Mines’, in Parliamentary Papers, 1835, vol 5, September 1835. British Library (Science) Series Parliamentary Papers 1835
Samuel Smiles, George Stephenson, 1855
Stephenson’s Lamp now at Killingworth compared to Humphry Davy’s Lamp (2 pamphlets), London, 1817, British Library catalogue 8708.i.2 (5)
Dr Frankenstein and the Soul
John Abernethy, An Enquiry into Mr Hunter’s Theory of Life Lectures, 1815
John Abernethy, A General View of Mr Hunter’s Physiology, 1817
John Abernethy, The Hunterian Oration for 1819, 1819
John Abernethy, ‘Letters to George Kerr 1814-1822’, in St Bart’s Hospital Journal, 1930-1, vol 38, edited by A.W. Franklin
Xavier Bichat, Physiological Researches on Life and Death (translated by F. Gold), 1816
Fred Botting (editor), New Casebooks: Frankenstein, Palgrave, 1995
Druin Burch, Digging up the Dead: The Life and Times of Astley Cooper, Chatto & Windus, 2007
Fanny Burney, The Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney (Madame d’Arblay), vol 6, edited by Joyce Hemlow, Oxford, 1975
Richard Carlile, Address to the Men of Science, 1821
F.F. Cartwright, The English Pioneers of Anaesthesia, Simpkin Marshall, 1952
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (with James Gillman and J.H. Green), Notes Towards a More Comprehensive Theory of Life, 1816-19; edited by Seth B. Watson MD, 1848
Nora Crook and Derek Guiton, Shelley’s Venomed Melody, CUP, 1986
Humphry Davy, Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, 1814
Hermione de Almeida, Romantic Medicine and John Keats, OUP, 1991
Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, 1821
Thomas De Quincey, ‘Animal Magnetism’ (essay), 1840
Adrian Desmond, The Politics of Evolution: Medicine in Radical London, Chicago, 1989
George D’Oyly, ‘An Enquiry into the Probability of Mr Hunter’s Theory of Life’ (The Vitality Debate), in Quarterly Review, 1819, vol 43, pp.1-34. Usefully reprinted in Oxford World’s Classics edition of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Appendix B
Tim Fulford, Debbie Lee and Peter J. Kitson, ‘Exploration, Headhunting and Race Theory’, in Literature, Science and Exploration, CUP, 2004
Jan Golinski, Science as Public Culture: Chemistry and Enlightenment in Britain 1760-1820, CUP, 1992
Carl Grabo, A Newton Among Poets: Shelley’s Use of Science in Prometheus Unbound, University of North Carolina Press, 1931
John Keats, ‘Lamia’ (poem), 1820
William Lawrence, A Short System of Comparative Anatomy by JF Blumenbach (translated with an Introduction by Lawrence), 1807
William Lawrence, An Introduction to Comparative Anatomy: Two Lectures, 1816
William Lawrence, The Natural History of Man (Lectures on Physiology and Zoology), 1819
William Lawrence, ‘On Life’, Rees’s Cyclopaedia, 1819
William Lawrence, ‘On Man’, Rees’s Cyclopaedia, 1820
Trevor H. Levere, Poetry Realized in Nature: Coleridge and Early Nineteenth Century Science, CUP, 1981
Helen MacDonald, Human Remains: Dissection and its Histories, Yale UP, 2006
Anne K. Mellor, A Feminist Critique of Science’, in Mary Shelley: Her Life, Her Fictions, Her Monsters, Routledge, 1988
Peter Mudford, ‘William Lawrence’, in Journal of the History of Ideas 29, 1968
Roy Porter and G. Rousseau (editors), The Ferment of Knowledge, CUP, 1980
Nicholas Roe, ‘John Thelwall’s Essay on Animal Vitality’, in The Politics of Nature, Palgrave, 2002
Sharon Ruston, Shelley and Vitality, Palgrave, 2005
Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, 1818; the 1818 edition reprinted in Oxford World’s Classics, edited by Marilyn Butler, 1993; 2nd edition, 1831, reprinted as composite edition, Penguin Classics, edited by Maurice Hindle, 1992
Percy Bysshe Shelley, essays ‘On Life’, ‘On Love’, ‘On Dreams’, ‘On a Future State’, ‘On the Devil and Devils’, ‘On Christianity’ (1814-18), in Shelley’s Prose, or The Trumpet of a Prophecy, edited by David Lee Clark, Fourth Estate, 1988
Walter Wetzels, ‘Johann Wilhelm Ritter: Romantic Physics in Germany’, in Romanticsm and the Sciences, edited by Andrew Cunningham and Nicholas Jar dine, CUP, 1990
Charles Babbage, The Decline of Science in England, 1830
David Brewster, Life of Isaac Newton, Murray’s Family Library, 1831
The British Association for the Advancement of Science: Early Correspondence, edited by Jack Morrell and Arnold Thackray, The Camden Society, 1984
Janet Browne, Charles Darwin: Volume I: Voyaging, and Volume 2: The Power of Place, Pimlico, 1995 and 2000
Gunther Buttman, In the Shadow of the Telescope: A Biography of John Herschel, Lutterworth Press, 1974
Charles Darwin, Correspondence: Vol I, 1821-1836, edited by Frederick Burkhardt and Sydney Smith, CUP, 1985
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, 1831-1836, edited by Janet Browne and Michael Neve, Penguin Classics, 1989
Charles Darwin, Autobiography, edited by Michael Neve, Penguin Classics, 2002
Humphry Davy, Consolations in Travel, or The Last Days of a Philosopher, Murray’s Family Library, 1829, 1831
Michael Faraday, Correspondence 1811-1831, Vol 1, edited by Frank A.L.J. James, Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1991
Marie Boas Hall, All Scientists Now, CUP, 1984
James Hamilton, Michael Faraday: The Life, HarperCollins, 2002
John Herschel, A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, 1831
John Herschel, Herschel at the Cape: Letters and Journals of John Herschel, edited by David S. Evans, Texas, 1969
Richard Holmes, Shelley: The Pursuit, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974
Jack Morrell and Arnold Thackray, Gentlemen of Science: The Early Years of the BAAS, O UP, 1981
Steven Ruskin, John Herschel’s Cape Voyage, Ashgate, 20
04
James Secord, Victorian Sensation, Chicago UP, 2000
Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, 1st edition, Lackington, 1818; edited by Marilyn Butler, Oxford World’s Classics, 1993
Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, 2nd edition, Bentley’s Popular Library, 1831; reprinted as composite edition, Penguin Classics, edited by Maurice Hindle, 1992
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Prometheus Unbound: An Epic Poem in 4 Acts, 1819
Mary Somerville, On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences, 1834
Thomas Sprat, History of the Royal Society, Kessinger, 2003
David Wooster, Paula Trevelyan (Paulina Jermyn), 1879
References
ABBREVIATIONS
CHA – Caroline Herschel’s Autobiographies, edited by Michael Hoskin, Scientific Publications Ltd, Cambridge, 2003
CHM — Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Hesrchel, edited by Mrs John Herschel, Murray, 1879
HD Archive — Humphry Davy Manuscripts and scientific instruments held at the Royal Institution, London
HD Mss Bristol — Humphry Davy Mss at Somerset Record Office, Bristol
HD Mss Truro — Humphry Davy Mss at the Cornwall Record Office, Truro
HD Works — Humphry Davy, Collected Works, edited by John Davy, 9 vols, 1839–40
JB Correspondence – The Scientific Correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks 1765-1820, edited by Neil Chambers, 6 vols, Pickering & Chatto Ltd, 2007
JB Journal — Joseph Banks, Manuscript of the Endeavour Journal 1768-1770, University of New South Wales (internet transcript). See also The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, edited by J.C. Beaglehole, Public Library of New South Wales, 2 vols, 1962; and Joseph Banks, Endeavour Journal Ms, 1768-70 (facsimile edition, London Library)
JB Letters – The Selected Letters of Sir Joseph Banks 1768-1820, edited by Neil Chambers,
Imperial College Press, Natural History Museum and Royal Society, The Banks Project, 2000
JD Fragments – Humphry Davy, Fragmentary Remains, edited by John Davy, 1858
JD Life – The Life of Sir Humphry Davy, by John Davy, 2 vols, 1836
JD Memoirs – Memoirs of Sir Humphry Davy, by John Davy, 1839 (included in vol 1 of HD Works)
Park Mss — ‘Letters and Papers relating to Mungo Park’s last Journey’, British Library Add Mss 37232.k and Add Mss 33230.f
WH Archive — Private archive, John Herschel-Shorland, Norfolk
WH Chronicle – The Herschel Chronicle, edited by his granddaughter Constance A. Lubbock, CUP, 1933
WH Mss — William Herschel Manuscripts, Cambridge University Library microfilm, from manuscripts held at the Royal Astronomical Society, London
WH Papers — The Collected Scientific Papers of Sir William Herschel including Early Papers hitherto Unpublished, edited by J.L.E. Dreyer, 2 vols, Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society, 1912
Prologue
1 The notion of ‘Romantic science’ has been pioneered by Jan Golinski, Science as Public Culture, 1760-1820, CUP, 1992; Andrew Cunningham and Nicholas Jardine, Romanticism and the Sciences, CUP, 1990; Mary Midgley, Science and Poetry, Routledge, 2001; Tim Fulford, Debbie Lee and Peter J. Kitson, Literature, Science and Exploration in the Romantic Era, CUP, 2004; and Tim Fulford (editor), Romanticism and Science, 1773-1833, a 5-vol anthology, Pickering, 2002
2 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Philosophical Lectures 1819, edited by Kathleen Coburn, London, 1949; and The Friend 1819, ‘Essays on the Principles of Method’, edited by Barbara E. Rooke, Princeton UP, 1969. See Richard Holmes, Coleridge: Darker Reflections, 1998, pp480–4, 490–4
3 Wordsworth, The Prelude, 1850, Book 3, lines 58-64
4 Coleridge, Aids to Reflection, 1825; see Holmes, op. cit, pp548-9
5 Plato’s wonder as interpreted by Coleridge in ‘Spiritual Aphorism 9’, Aids to Reflection, 1825, p236
Chapter 1: Joseph Banks in Paradise
1 JB Journal, 18 October 1768
2 Ibid., 11 April 1769
3 JB letter to Pennat, November 1768; from Harold Carter, Sir Joseph Banks, British Library, 1988, p76
4 JB Journal, 14 April 1769
5 Hector Cameron, Sir Joseph Banks, 1952, p6
6 Vanessa Collingridge, Captain Cook, 2003, p158
7 JB Journal, 2 May 1769
8 James Cook, Journal, 2 May 1769
9 JB Journal, 2 May 1769
10 JB Journal, ‘On the Customs of the South Sea Islands’, pp120-50, essay dated August 1769
11 Patrick O’Brian, Joseph Banks, Harvill, 1989, p65
12 Ibid.
13 John Gascoigne, Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment, 1994, p17
14 Ibid., p88
15 Lady Mary Coke, Journals, August 1771, p437
16 JB letter to William Perrin, February 1768, from Gascoigne, p16
17 JB Journal, 10 September 1768
18 JB Journal, p23
19 O’Brian, p65
20 White, 8 October 1768; from Richard Mabey, Gilbert White, Century, 1986, p115
21 JB Journal, 16 January 1769
22 Ibid., 25 March 1769
23 Ibid., 17 April 1769
24 Sydney Parkinson, A Journal of a Voyage in the South Seas, 1773, p15
25 JB Journal, 30 April 1769
26 Ibid., 29 April 1769
27 Ibid., 25 April 1769
28 Ibid., 22 April 1769
29 Ibid., 4 June 1769
30 James Cook, Journal, Tuesday, 6 June 1769
31 Parkinson, Journal, from Collingridge, p166
32 JB Journal, 10 May 1769
33 JB Journal, pp120-50, essay dated August 1769
34 JB Journal, 3 June 1769
35 Ibid., 28 April 1769
36 Ibid., 28 May 1769
37 Ibid., 29 May 1769
38 Ibid., 12 May 1769
39 Ibid., 10 June 1769
40 Ibid., 13 June 1769
41 Ibid., 14 June 1769
42 Ibid., 18 June 1769
43 Ibid., 24 June 1769
44 Ibid., 19 June 1769
45 Ibid., 22 June 1769
46 Parkinson, Journal, 1773, p32; and O’Brian, p101
47 James Cook, Journal, 30 June 1769
48 JB Journal, 28 June 1769
49 Ibid., 30 July 1769
50 Ibid., 29 June 1769
51 JB Letters, ‘Thoughts on the Manners of the Otaheite’, 1773, p332
52 JB Journal, 3 July 1769
53 Ibid., 12 July 1769
54 Ibid.
55 Ibid.
56 JB Letters, 6 December 1771, p20
57 Parkinson, Journal, 1773, p66
58 JB Journal, ‘On the South Seas’, August 1769, p124
59 Ibid., p128
60 Ibid., p132
61 Ibid.
62 JB Journal, (end) August 1770. Cook’s entry of the same date describes the natives as ‘in reality … far more happier than we Europeans’
63 JB Journal, 3 September 1770
64 O’Brian, pp145-6
65 JB Letters, 13 July 1771, p14
66 Gascoigne, p46
67 O’Brian, p66
68 Lady Mary Coke, Journals, August 1771, from Edward Smith, Joseph Banks, p22n
69 O’Brian, p151
70 Robert Thornton MD, Preface to An Introduction to Botany, by James Lee, 1810, ppxvii–iii
71 Gascoigne, p17
72 Thornton, 1810, ppxviii
73 Cameron, p44
74 Ibid., p45
75 Ibid., p46
76 James Boswell, Journal, 22 March 1772
77 John Hawkesworth, ‘Tahiti’, in Voyages Undertaken in the Southern Hemisphere, 1773; the section can also be found in Fulford, Romanticism and Science, vol 4, pp158-9
78 JB, ‘Thoughts on the Manners of the Otaheite’, 1773, JB Letters, p330
79 JB letter, 30 May 1772, from O’Brian, p158
80 Lord Sandwich to Banks, 20 June 1772, in JB Letters, Appendix V, p354
81 JB Letters, Appendix V, p355
82 Rev Wi
lliam Sheffield, letter to Gilbert White, 2 December 1772, from O’Brian, p168
83 Daniel Solander, 16 November 1776, Collected Correspondence, edited by Edward Duyker and Per Tingbrand, Scandinavia University Press, 1995, p373
84 Carter, p153
85 Gascoigne, p50
86 Tim Fulford, Debbie Lee and Peter J. Kitson, Literature, Science and Exploration in the Romantic Era, CUP, 2004, p49
87 O’Brian, p181
88 Reproduced in the exhibition catalogue Between Worlds: Voyagers to Britain 1700-1850, National Portrait Gallery, 2007
89 British Academy Conference, 2006, my correspondence
90 William Cowper, 6 October 1783
91 William Cowper, The Task, 1784, Book 4, ‘The Winter Evening’, lines 107-19
92 Ibid., Book 1, lines 654ff
93 John Byng, quoted in Beaglehole, Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, 2 vols, 1962, pll4
94 Gascoigne, p52
95 Collingridge, Cook, 2002, pp405-15
96 Gascoigne, p46
97 Daniel Solander, 5 June 1779, Collected Correspondence, op. cit.
98 Gascoigne, pl8
99 O’Brian, p308
100 Derek Howse, Nevil Maskelyne, 1989, pl61
101 Patricia Fara, Joseph Banks: Sex, Botany and Empire, 2003, pp136-7
102 Coleridge to Samuel Purkis, 1 February 1803, Collected Letters vol 2, p919
103 JB Correspondence I, p331
104 JB Letters, 16 November 1784, pp77-80
105 Carter, pl21
106 Gascoigne, p32
107 Baron Cuvier, ‘Éloge on Sir Joseph Banks’, 1820, from Sir Joseph Banks and the Royal Society, anonymous booklet, Royal Society, 1854, pp66-7
Chapter 2: Herschel on the Moon
1 WH Chronicle, p1
2 Account from Herschel’s Journal in CHM, p42
3 WH Chronicle, p73
4 Account from CHA
5 WH Papers 1; Armitage, p24
6 Michael J. Crowe, The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750-1900, CUP, 1986, p63
7 WH Mss 6279; also WH Chronicle, p76
8 WH Papers 1, pxc; also WH Chronicle, p77
9 Herschel to Maskelyne, 12 June 1780, WH Papers 1, ppxc-xci
10 CHM, p41
11 CHM, p149