Nathaniel Hawthorne, Twenty Days with Julian, New York Review Books, 2003
Mary Heaton Vorse, Time and the Town: A Provincetown Chronicle, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, 1991
Wilson Heflin, Herman Melville’s Whaling Years, edited by Mary K. Bercaw Edwards and Thomas Farel Heffernan, Vanberbilt University Press, Tennessee, 2004
Bernard Heuvelmans, In the Wake of Sea Serpents, Rupert Hart-Davis, 1968
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Cambridge University Press, 1991
Miroslav Holub, Poems: Before and After, Bloodaxe, 1990
Gordon Jackson, The British Whaling Trade, A & C Black, 1978
C. Ian Jackson, editor, The Arctic Whaling Journals of William Scoresby The Younger, Hakluyt Society, 2003
C. L. R James, Mariners, Renegrades & Castaways: The Story of Herman Melville and the World We Live In, University Press of New England, Hanover and London, 1978
Henry James, Hawthorne, Trent Editions, Nottingham, 1999
Ian Kelly, Beau Brummell, Hodder & Stoughton, 2005
D. H. Lawrence, Studies in Classic American Literature, Thomas Seltzer, NYC, 1923
John F. Leavitt, The Charles W. Morgan, Mystic Seaport Museum, Connecticut, 1998
Jay Leyda, The Melville Log, Gordian Press, NYC, 1969
John C. Lilly, Communication between Man and Dolphin, Crown, NYC, 1978
Barry Lopez, Arctic Dreams, Vintage, NYC, 2001
Andrew Lycett, Conan Doyle, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2007
Philip McFarland, Hawthorne in Concord, Grove Press, NYC, 2004
Leonard Harrison Matthew et al, The Whale, Crescent Books, NYC, 1974
James G. Mead and Joy P. Gould, Whales and Dolphins in Question, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, 2002
Herman Melville, The Whale, Richard Bentley, 1851
Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, Harper & Brothers, NYC, 1851
Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, introduction by Viola Meynell, Oxford University Press, (1920) 1963
Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, Harold Beaver, editor, Penguin, 1972
Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, illustrated by Barry Moser, Arion Press/ University of California Press, Los Angeles and London, 1979
Herman Melville, Pierre, or, The Ambiguities, Penguin, 1996
Herman Meville, Redburn: His First Voyage, Penguin, 1986
Herman Melville, Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life, Penguin, 1996 Herman Melville, White-Jacket, or, The World in a Man-of-War, Northwestern University Press, Illinois, 2000
Charles Nordhoff, Whaling and Fishing, Dodd, Mead & Company, NYC, 1895 (first published 1856)
Charles Olson, Call Me Ishmael, Cape Editions, 1967
J. P. O’Neill, The Great New England Sea Serpent, Down East Books, Maine, 1999
George Orwell, Coming up for Air, Penguin, 1962
Sonia Orwell and Ian Angus, editors, The Collected Essays… of George Orwell, Secker and Warburg, 1968
Vassili Papastavrou, Eyewitness Whale, Dorling Kindersley, 2004
Hershel Parker et al, Aspects of Melville, Berkshire County Historical Society, Pittsfield, Mass, 2001
Hershel Parker, Herman Melville: A Biography, Vols I & II, 1851-1891, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1996 & 2002
The Paris Review Interviews, Vol I, Canongate, 2007 Nathaniel Philbrick, In the Heart of the Sea, HarperCollins, 2000
Nathaniel Philbrick, Mayflower, Viking Penguin, 2006
Edgar Allan Poe, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket, Penguin, 2006
Nicholas Redman, whales’ Bones of the British Isles, Redman Publishing, 2004
Randall R Reeves et al, Guide to Marine Mammals of the World, National Audubon Society, Alfred A. Knopf, NYC, 2002
J. Ross Browne, Etchings of a Whaling Cruise, (1846), Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 1968
David Rothenberg, Thousand Mile Song: Whale Music in a Sea of Sound, Basic Books, NYC, 2008
Viola Sachs, The Game of Creation, Editions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme, Paris, 1982
Victor B. Scheffer, The Year of The Whale, Scribner’s, NYC, 1969
Sheldrick, M.C., Stranded whale records, 1967-1986, Natural History Museum, 1989
Elizabeth A. Schultz, Unpainted to the Last: Moby-Dick and Twentieth-Century American Art, University Press of Kansas, 1995
R. E. Scoresby-Jackson, The life of William Scoresby, 1861
William Scoresby, An Account of the Arctic Regions, Constable, Edinburgh, 1820
William Scoresby, My Father, 1851
Odell Shepard, Lore of the Unicorn, George Allen & Unwin, 1930
Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett, Whales, Dolphins and Seals, A & C Black, 2006
Tom and Cordelia Stamp, William Scoresby, Caedom, Yorkshire, 1976
Bram Stoker, Dracula, Airmont Publishing, NYC & Toronto, 1965
Thomas Sturge Moore, Albert Dürer, Biblio Bazaar, 2007
Algernon Swinburne, Lesbia Brandon, Falcon Press, 1952
Henry D. Thoreau, Cape Cod, Penguin, NYC, 1987
Henry D. Thoreau, Walden, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1989
Serge Viallelle, Dolphins and Whales from the Azores, Espaço Talassa, Azores, 2002
Howard P. Vincent, The Trying-Out of Moby-Dick, Southern Illinois University Press, 1949
Robert K Wallace, Douglass and Melville, Spinner Publications, New Bedford, 2003
Hal Whitehead, Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean, University of Chicago Press, 2003
Maurizio Würtz and Nadia Repetto, Dolphins and Whales, White Star, Vercelli, 2003
NEWSPAPERS, PERIODICALS AND WEBSITES
Associated Press
BBC website
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Daily Mail
Daily Telegraph
The Guardian
The Independent
Historic Nantucket
Illustrated London News
Journal of the House of Commons, british-history.ac.uk
Laelaps, Brian Switek, Rutgers University
‘Lost Museum’ City University of New York’
Magazine for Natural History, 1835
Natural History
The New York Times online
NRDC Action Fund
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edition
The Pharmaceutical Journal
‘Ploughboy’, Tom Tyler, Denver University website
Post-Medieval Archaeology
Science News Online
The Scottish Naturalist
Southern Evening Echo,
Southampton
Standard-Times, New Bedford
The Times online archive
Times Literary Supplement
Turner Studies, Tate Gallery
FURTHER INFORMATION
Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society: www.wdcs.org
Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies: www.coastalstudies.org
New Bedford Whaling Museum: www.whalingmuseum.org
International Whaling Commission: www.iwcoffice.org
Picture Credits
8, Katherine Moore; 10, Jonny Hannah; 40, 178, Berkshire Atheneum; 47, 161, Rockwell Kent/R.R. Donnelly & Sons/The Plattsburgh College Foundation; 58-9, 147, 232, 233, 284, 285, 287, Arthur Credland/Hull Maritime Museum; 64, Max Goonetillake; 83, 87 a & b, 95, 246, 312, Natural History Museum, London; 217, Michael Long; 100, 107, 110, 206, 248, New Bedford Whaling Museum; 114, Nantucket Historical Association; 175, Library of Congress, Washington; 188, Bodleian Library, Oxford; 196, Dan Towler; 241, 242-3, David Connell/ Burton Constable Foundation; 251, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; 271, Mark Wallinger/Anthony Reynolds; 387, Antonio Domingos Avila; 394, Martin Rosenbaum.
All other images from the author’s collection.
Acknowledgements
On my third or fourth visit to Provincetown, John Waters accused me o
f spending more time with whales than with humans; it was perhaps as a form of therapy that he suggested I should write this book. But the roots of my fascination with whales lie with my sister Katherine and her childhood enthusiasm, one which our sister, Christina, shared. Their own children, Oliver, Harriet, Jacob and Lydia, continue that interest – particularly my youngest nephews, Max and Cyrus, both of whom have taught me about whales, despite neither having reached eight years of age. I would like to thank my older brothers, too, Lawrence and Stephen and their families, for their support. As ever, my friend Mark Ashurst has been the ultimate adjudicator of what I do; without him, my book would have been beached long ago.
Leviathan owes its deepest debt to Adam Low and Martin Rosenbaum, director and producer/cameraman respectively of the BBC Arena film, The Hunt for Moby-Dick. From freezing New England shoots, warmed by nips from Martin’s bottle of whisky, to Adam’s fearless attempts to direct me and the whales on the high seas despite his propensity to sea-sickness, our adventures together have shaped this book. Adam also read the manuscript and made vital comments. Our guiding light has been Arena’s series editor, Anthony Wall; we owe much to his faith and inspiration.
Back at home, Michael Bracewell, Linder Sterling, Neil Tennant, Clare Goddard and Hugo Vickers provided creative encouragement and helpful observations. Liz Jobey published an extract from the book in Granta 99; and Kieran Phelan and the Arts Council made possible a late trip to Provincetown. There, Dennis Minsky has been my guide to the world of whale-watching, to the animals’ behaviour, and their beauty.
At Fourth Estate, my editor, Mitzi Angel, was true to her name; Nicholas Pearson and Mark Richards provided essential moral and practical support. I would also like to thank Robin Harvie in the publicity department, and Terence Caven, Rachel Smyth and Leo Nickolla for making the book look beautiful. My ever-stalwart agent, Gillon Aitken, steered Leviathan to its destination.
Many other people – scientists, curators, writers, historians, librarians, naturalists and artists – have made the journey constantly exciting. Like the whales, they have led me around the world, and are listed here in geographical order.
Provincetown: Charles ‘Stormy’ Mayo, Jooke Robbins, Scott Landry, Amy Costa, Marc Costa, David Osterberg, Joanne Jarzobski, Nathalie Jacquet, Meribeth Ratzel, Theresa Barbo, Chip Lund, Mary Moore, Ruth Leeney, Beth Swineford, Adam Leiterman, Karen Rankin-Baransky, Karen Stamieskin, Sarah Adams-Fortune, Tanya Gabettie and all the scientists and naturalists and staff at the Center for Coastal Studies; Joe Basine, Mar Delumba and Eric Joranson on the Portuguese Princess; the naturalists, captains and crew of the Dolphin Fleet, including Todd Motta, Carol Carlsen, Irene Bragg and John Conlon; the late Frank Schaefer and Mary Martin Schaefer of the legendary White Horse Inn; Mary Oliver for the loan of her field-glasses and dawn discussions on the beach; the late Molly Malone Cook; Pat de Groot for her art and her elegant hospitality; Dan Towler for the postcards; the gentlemen of the Beachcombers Club; Tim Woodman, for his inspiring ‘Moby-Dick’ paintings; Helen Miranda Wilson, Albert Merola, James Balla, Jackson Lambert, Josiah Mayo, Jody Melander, Jo Hay, Margery Greenspan, Conny Hatch, Sally Brophy, Pauline Fisher, and Debbie Minsky for their friendship.
New Bedford: Stuart M. Franks, Mary K. Bercaw Edwards and Arthur Motta for their observations on Melville, whaling, and the Charles W. Morgan; Kathy Reed of Edgewater for her accomodation. Nantucket: Nantucket Historical Association, Whaling Museum and Research Library. Western Massachusetts: Louise McCue and Bobbie-Anne Fachini at Arrowhead, Kathleen Reilly and Ann-Marie Harris at the Berkshire Atheneum. Connecticut: Megan Wilson and Duncan Hannah for their company climbing Monument Mountain; William Peterson and the staff of Mystic Seaport Museum. New York: Jack Puttnam for his tour around Melville’s Manhattan; Thomas Farel Heffernan, Dan and Lucia Woods Lindley; and Richard Melville Hall for tea and directions to Herman Melville Place. Maine: Alex Carleton, for his aesthetic inspiration, and all at Rogues Gallery, especially Daniel Pepice. Newfoundland: Hal Whitehead, for sharing a little of his work on sperm whales.
Andalucia: Gabriel Orozco for a tour of his tattooed whale; José María Galán and the Museo Marino, Matalascañas. Azores: Serge Viallelle for introducing me to the sperm whales; Alexandra Viallelle, João Quadresma and Marco Avila and all at Espaço Talassa, Lajes do Pico; Macolm Clarke for his commentary on Physeter and their prey; Dorothy Clarke; Antonio Domingos Avila; Museu dos Baleerios, Pico; Museo da Industria Baleeira, São Roque. A special thanks to the Azorean government and the regional secretary for the environment for licencing my close encounter with Physeter macrocephalus.
London: Richard Sabin, for his patient answers to my many questions; Liz Evans-Jones at the Standings Project; Stephen Roberts, Becci Cousins, Katie Andersen, Polly Tucker, Helen Sturge and the staff of the Natural History Museum and its archives; Lisa Le Feuvre and Helen Whiteoak at the National Maritime Museum; James Rawlinson, Richard Mortimer, Diane Gibbs and Christine Reynolds at Westminster Abbey Museum and Library; the staff of the Guildhall Library and the British Library; Gilbert and George, Jeremy Millar, Tim Marlow, Honey Luard, Anthony Reynolds, Michael Prodger, Giles Foden, Boyd Tonkin, Simon Callow, Reed Wilson, Madeleine Groves, Michael Holden, Julia Harrison, Nicholas Redman, Peter David, Steve Deput, Sam Goonetillake, Namvula Rennie, and Emma Matthews.
Yorkshire: Sir John Chichester-Constable, David Connell and Gary Dewson at Burton Constable Hall; Dr Michael Boyd; and particular thanks to Arthur Credland and the Hull Maritime Museum; Whitby Museum. Oxford: Paul Bonaventura, Ruskin School of Art; Malgosia Nowak-Kemp, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Clive Hurst and the staff of the Rare Books and Printed Ephemera, the Bodleian Library. Devon: Nigel Larcombe-Williams, Jake Luffman. Hampshire: Peter Leslie, Jude James, Colin Speedie, Clare Moore.
Southampton: Sophia Scott and Alison Kendrick at HM Maritime and Coastguard Agency; Southampton City Library; Tina Jones; Andy and Rob, Sholing Cycle Centre; Fr Bill Wilson, Katherine Anteney, Jonny Hannah, and Pamela and Ron Ashurst. I’d also like to thank to Krishna Scott, Jon Wynne-Tyson, D J. Taylor, Jonathan Gordon and all those who have contributed to a story which, I hope, will have a happier ending than its beginning.
Philip Hoare,
Southampton, July 2008
Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
Aberdeen, Scotland
Acushnet, river
Acushnet, whale-ship
Adams, John
Adler, G. J.
Aimwell, whale-ship
Albany, New York
Albion, whale-ship
Alcott, Bronson
Aldersgate, London
Alderson, Christopher
Alderson, James
Aleutian Islands
Aldershot, Hants
Alexander Whaling Company
Allardyce, Sir William
Allen, Solomon
ambergris
Ambulocetus natans
Amelia, whale-ship
American Civil War
American Museum, New York
American Sunday School Movement
American Wars of Independence
Amsterdam
Andromeda
Ann Alexander, whale-ship
Antarctica
Antonio’s, restaurant
Anthropocene
apartheid
aquaria: Coney Island; Brighton; New York; San Diego; Seattle; Westminster; Windsor
ARCHEŒCETES – see also separate species;
Arctic – see also Barren Grounds, Ultima Thule, North Pole);
Aristotle
Arrowhead; described;
arthritis
asthma
Astor House Hotel, Manhattan
Auden, W.H., ‘Herman Melville’
auks
&nbs
p; Aurora, whale-ship
Avellar, Al
Avellar family
Avila, Antonio Domingos
Avila, Marco
The Azores; geography; history; whaling from;
Baader, Andreas
Baader-Meinhoff Gang
Babylon
Bada, Jeffrey L.
Bagdale, Whitby
Baffin, whale-ship
Baines, Joseph (Joe Bones)
Balaena, whale-ship
BALEEN (whalebone), described; human use of;
Baltic sea
Baltimore, Maryland
Banks, Sir Joseph
Barking, Essex
Barnsley, Yorks
Barnum, Phineas T.
barracuda
Barren Grounds
Barrett-Hamilton, G.E.