‘The Soldier’ (Brooke) 96
Soldiers’ Councils 34
Somerset County Police 262
Somerset, HMS 283
Somerset Light Infantry (SLI) 103, 104, 238, 244
Somme (Macdonald) 205
Somme, Battle of the, 1916 13, 16–17, 18, 19, 39, 57, 72, 73, 74, 104, 113, 114, 116, 118, 119, 120, 140, 141, 183, 189, 196, 198, 215, 216, 254, 273, 284
Sorley, Charles Hamilton 295
Sorrel and Son (Deeping) 110
Spanish flu 10–11
Spell of London, The (Morton) 25, 100–101
St Barnabas Society 71
St James’s Cemetery, Dover 210
St-Symphorien Military Cemetery, Mons 214
Stacey, Reverend N.D. 164
Stand To! 217
Stokes, Gunner B.O. 2–3
Stone, William (Bill) 231, 233, 234, 276, 283, 285
Storey, Stanley 131
Strachan, Hew 19
Sutherland, Joseph 224
Swaffer, Hannen 130
Talbot House (‘Toc H’), Poperinghe 251–2, 271, 278, 279
Talbot, Lieutenant Gilbert 252
Tate Britain 285
Taylor, A.J.P. 181–5, 186n, 189
Taylor, Alexander 142
Terraine, John 19, 187, 188, 190, 191
Theatre Workshop 185, 188
Theology 165
They Called It Passchendaele (Macdonald) 205
Thomas, Edward 203
Thorpe, Michael 202
Time 162
Times Literary Supplement 200–201
Times, The 9, 51, 65, 66, 77, 81, 95, 106, 133, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158–9, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 168, 189
‘To Any Dead Officer’ (Sassoon) 191
To the Last Man: Spring 1918 (Macdonald) 205
Today 287
Touhig, Don 14
tourism, First World War battlefield/cemetery 72–3, 75, 214
trade unions 26–8, 40, 43, 82
Trades Union Congress 26
Trafalgar Day 93–4, 166
Trafalgar, Battle of, 1805 93–4, 166, 223–4
Treaty of Versailles, 1919 44
Trenchard, Air Marshal Sir Hugh 34–5, 60
Trevor-Roper, Hugh 179, 180
Truman, Harry 157
Tucker, David 288
Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing, Zonnebeke 103, 210, 272
Undertones of War (Blunden) 112, 126
Unemployed Struggles (Hannington) 76–8
unemployment see employment
United Services Fund (USF) 83, 84
United States 16, 17, 61, 153–4
Unknown Warrior 97, 100, 129, 156, 161; birth of concept 55–6; burial of 56–66, 67; funeral for 15–16, 25; selecting 56–7
Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club, The (Sayers) 106–10, 111
Unquiet Western Front, The (Bond) 188
Up the Line to Death (Gardner) 202
Val de Lièvre camp 34, 35
Verdun, Battle of, 1918 183
Verdun, HMS 58–9
Veterans 227, 270
veterans, First World War: associations of 41–3, 74–5 see also under individual association name; demobilisation of 31–6, 261–3; employment of 36–41, 43, 67, 76–82; Last Veteran 221–4 see also Patch, Harry; long silence over war 74, 192, 262, 267, 275; mental health of 36, 131, 261; pensions 36, 48, 129, 131; Second World War, role in 135–51; testimony, written and sound archive 204–7, 224–36; wounded 6, 22, 36, 131, 250–51, 255; visit battlefields and cemeteries 73–5, 268–7, 271–5, 277–80 see also under individual veteran name
Viceroy of India 136
Victory Parade of all the Allies, 1919 44–8
Victory, HMS 223, 235
Vietnam War, 1959–75 198–9
War Game, The (Watkins) 169–71
War Memoirs (Lloyd George) 112, 119–23, 174
War Office 54, 77, 139
War Requiem (Britten) 171–2
Ware, Fabian 54, 55, 68, 209
Warren, Edward 70
Warriors’ Day 87
Waterloo Station 211
Waterloo, Battle of, 1815 52, 54
Watkins, Peter 169–71, 198
Watson, Sergeant Charles 4, 137, 144
Weatherly, Fred 237
Webber, Lieutenant Henry 214
Wells Cathedral 286, 288–90
Went the Day Well? 149–50
Western Daily Press 281
Western Front Association (WFA) 216–17
Westminster Abbey 56, 59, 61–2, 63, 64, 65, 67, 90, 94, 96, 132, 163
Weston, Simon 283
Wheldon, Huw 170
Wherrett, Charlie 103, 244
White, Jack 142–3
Who Do You Think You Are? 216
Wilkinson, Victor 105
Wilson, Percy 4
Wilson, Trevor 19
Winchester Cathedral (New Vaudeville Band) 194
Winnington-Ingram, Arthur 49
Withers, Cecil 148, 149, 228–9
Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps 70, 231
Women’s Co-operative Guild 128
Women’s Royal Air Force 231
Wonderful Britain: Its Highways, Byways and Historical Places 102
Wood, Charles 198
Wood, Haydn 237
Woolf, Virginia 43–4
Woolls-Sampson, Colonel 116
Worcester Cathedral 102
Worcester, HMS 135
World Crisis, The (Churchill) 112, 113–14, 174
World Requiem (Foulds) 91–2, 93
World War One Veterans’ Association 224–5, 233, 234, 284, 289
World War One: A Short History (Stone) 196
Worsley, Gunner G. 3
wounded, First World War 6, 22, 36, 131, 250–51, 255
Wyatt, Brigadier General L.J. 57, 58
Wychech, Stanislaw 231
Yorkshire Regiment 126
Ypres 4, 8, 11, 18, 21, 39, 57, 88, 103, 127, 147, 184, 190, 191, 210, 213, 215–16, 242, 245, 252, 271, 272, 275, 278, 279, 280
Zeebrugge naval raid, 1918 210
SOURCE NOTES
References to quoted material are listed by page number and in order, identified by a brief phrase or the subject matter or author. Published sources are referred to by the author’s surname, and all books cited are listed in the Bibliography.
Prologue
p.2 ‘At precisely –’ Arthur, Forgotten Voices, p.311
Allingham – Observer magazine, 9.11.08
Stokes – Macdonald, p.307
p.3 Chapman – Chapman, pp.272–3
Worsley – Macdonald, p.314
‘until Germany’s –’ Cecil and Liddle, p.55
Marshall – Arthur, Last Post, p.49
p.4 Wilson – The Last Tommy, BBC TV
Lewis – Lewis, pp.207, 107
Watson – Arthur, Last Post, p.196
p.5 Graves – In Broken Images, p.98; Goodbye, p.228
Sassoon – Diaries 1915–1918, p.282
p.7 Collins – van Emden and Humphries, Veterans, p.219
Owen – H. Owen, p.201
p.8 ‘You were so dazed –’ Arthur, Forgotten Voices, p.311
‘My first thought –’ van Emden and Humphries, Veterans, p.221
Halestrap – van Emden, p.350
p.12 Ackerley – Parker, Ackerley, pp.406–7
p.13 Duncan Smith – Hansard, 18.4.06: Column 54WH
p.14 Duncan Smith – ibid.: Column 56WH
Touhig – ibid.: Column 59HW
p.15 Browne – Defence News website: www.mod.uk/Defence
Internet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/NationToCommemorate
PassingOfFirstWorldWarGeneration.htm
‘among the most’ – tomb of the Unknown Warrior in Westminster Abbey
p.17 population losses – Stamp, Silent Cities, p.3
p.19 Branagh – Daily Telegraph, 30.8.06
p.20 Sheffield – Sheffield, p.xx
p.22 schoolchild – BBC Television news, 18.4.07
: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6569687.stm
Patch – Patch and van Emden, p.90
Patch – Daily Telegraph, 30.7.07
Chapter 1
p.30 Lloyd George – www.conservativemanifesto.com/1918
p.31 Haig – Cecil and Liddle, p.65
manifesto – www.libdemmanifesto.com/1918
p.32 Patch – Patch and van Emden, p.129
p.33 Patch – ibid., p.134
Patch – ibid., p.135
p.36 Bowie – van Emden and Humphries, Veterans, p.218
p.37 Patch – Patch and van Emden, p.138
p.39 Chapman – Chapman, pp.280–81
Frankau – Noakes, p.371
postcard – ibid., p.370
p.42 Hannington – Hannington, pp.12–13
Federation – The Times, 29.5.19
p.43 resolution – ibid., 27.5.19
police and protesters – ibid.
Woolf – Woolf, p.292
p.45 Lutyens – Hussey, p.392
East Enders – minutes of the Peace Celebrations Committee meeting,
18.6.19, quoted in ‘The Story of the Cenotaph’, TLS, 12.11.76
p.46 Haig – MacArthur, p.411
p.47 columns of dead – Ware, p.27
p.50 King’s message – e.g. The Times, 7.11.19
p.51 ‘pulse’ – The Times Armistice Day Supplement, 12.11.20, quoted David Cannadine, ‘Death and Grief in Modern Britain’, in Whaley, pp.223–4
p.59 Elkington – quoted in Lewis Foreman’s sleeve note for the CD The Spirit of England (Epoch CDLX 7172)
p.61 Cenotaph arrangements – plan reproduced on the Western Front Association’s website article on the Unknown Warrior
p.63 ‘Wonderful –’ Morton, The Spell of London, pp.17–18
p.65 Levy and Ryle – quoted Blythe, p.12
Boxing Day – The Times, 28.12.20
p.66 Cenotaph 1921 – ibid., 12.11.21
Poplar delegation – ibid.
Chapter 2
p.68 Lutyens – Percy and Ridley, p.350
p.70 ‘until such time’ – Ware, p.78
204,650 – ibid., p.37
p.71 ‘The concept’ – CWGC sheet
p.72 Michelin – p.15
p.73 Mametz casualties – Holmes, p.151
sales figures – Lloyd, p.103
p.74 Sassoon – The Times, 31.7.17
Louth – van Emden and Humphries, Veterans, p.218
p.74 Patch – Patch and van Emden, p.199
p.75 gardening veterans – Summers, pp.32–3
Osborne – D. Winter, pp.262–3
p.76 Hannington – Hannington, pp.16–17
p.77 The Times – 19.10.20
Hannington – Hannington, pp.16–17
Cannadine – The Times, 20.10.20
p.78 Hannington – Hannington, p.17
p.79 Yorkshire Post – Gregory, p.57
Dundee Advertiser – ibid.
veteran’s wife – ibid., pp.58–9
p.80 unemployed figures – Wootton, p.46
Daily Express – Hannington, p.76
‘big procession’ – ibid., p.75
p.81 unemployed march – ibid., p.78
p.82 Hannington – ibid., p.13
p.84 NUX – Wootton, p.18
‘Warriors Gulled’ – ibid., p.25
p.85 British Legion ‘principles’ – quoted Wootton, p.300
p.86 National Constructive Programme – in Wootton, pp.301–2
p.88 Lewis – Lewis, p.97
p.90 ‘Do you support’ – Wootton, p.320
p.91 ‘to institute’ – ibid., p.301
Haig – Daily Express, 6.11.25, quoted Gregory, p.71
p.93 Daily Mail – quoted ibid., p.69
p.94 Redwood – http://www.johnredwoodsdiary.com/2007/10/21
p.95 The Times – 10.11.23
p.97 Morton on Cenotaph – p.26
p.99 Bartholomew – p.41
‘I believed’ – Morton, In Search of England, pp.1–2
p.100 ‘I took’ – ibid., pp.2–3
‘lies not’ – ibid., p.15
p.101 ‘This village’ – ibid., p.2
p.102 Wonderful Britain – King, p.23
p.106 ‘He throttled’ – The Times, 13.11.22
‘It was probably’ – ibid., 12.11.26
p.107 Wimsey’s war – Sayers, p.7
Wimsey and Fentiman – ibid., p.15
p.108 ‘My dear sir’ – ibid., p.140
‘to get through’ – ibid., p.54
p.109 ‘Were people’ – ibid., p.147
Murbles – ibid., p.165
p.110 Patch – Patch and van Emden, p.203
p.113 ‘In all’ – Churchill, p.1077
Boraston and Haig – ibid., p.1078 Haig’s tally – ibid., pp.1086–7
p.114 ‘Nevertheless’ – ibid., p.1091
p.115 ‘Some may say’ – Liddell Hart, original Preface
‘may at least’ – ibid.
p.116 ‘the process’ – ibid., p.33
French – ibid., p.33
p.116 Haig’s caution – ibid., p.34
p.117 ‘the ill-fated’ – ibid., p.193
Kitchener – ibid., p.195
‘was working up’ – ibid., p.203
p.118 ‘the historian’s task – ibid., original Preface
‘so fruitless’ – ibid., p.327
‘lofty optimism’ – ibid., p.335
Patch – Daily Telegraph, 12.7.07
p.119 Index – Lloyd George, pp.3473–8
p.121 Haig’s diaries – ibid., pp.3374–5
p.122 ‘During the critical’ – ibid., p.3378
p.123 sales figures – Bond, The First World War, p.7
p.124 ‘These books’ – Falls, p.ix
‘One may say’ – ibid., pp.ix–x
p.125 ‘The general conditions’ – ibid., p.xi
‘to prove’ – ibid., p.x
‘Every sector’ – ibid., p.xi
p.126 Read – Read, p.61
p.127 Owen – W. Owen, p.vii
Blunden’s contents – ibid., Appendix A
Sassoon – The Heart’s Journey, p.31
p.128 poppies – The Times, 12.11.37
p.129 disabled figure – Ferguson, p.437
tomb – Madge and Harrisson, p.290; The Times, 19.11.38
Mass Observation survey – Madge and Harrisson, p.200
p.131 disability pensions – Barham, p.4
Blunden – Gibson, p.31
p.132 Home Office – The Times, 11.10.39
poppy figures – ibid., 26.10.39; Wootton, p.317
Archbishop – ibid., 11.10.39
p.133 ‘The Faith of Armistice Day’ – ibid., 11.11.39
p.134 Armistice Day 1940 – ibid., 12.11.40
Interlude
p.137 ‘ex-servicemen capable’ – Summerfield and Peniston-Bird, p.8 Churchill – ibid.
p.138 volunteer figures – ibid., p.27
firearms – C. Graves, p.248
‘The rally’ – ibid., p.14
p.139 War Office – Mackenzie, p.41
government memorandum – ibid., p.42
Churchill – ibid., p.50
p.141 ‘capable’ – C. Graves, p.11
‘generous age-limit’ – ibid., p.38
p.142 Taylor – ibid., p.38
Eden – ibid., p.38
p.143 veteran percentages – Mackenzie, p.37
p.145 ‘for those of us’ – Patch and van Emden, p.163
p.146 ‘knew about water’ – ibid., p.163
p.147 ‘Did the bombs’ – ibid., p.175
‘money for old rope’ – ibid., p.176
p.149 Finnigan – Arthur, Last Post, p.104
p.150 Churchill – Mackenzie, p.134
Chapter 3
p.153 The Times – 10.11.45
p.154 VE and VJ Days – ibid.
p.155 ‘as one war’ – ibid., 5.11.45
p.158 Fisher – ibid., 8.10.46
‘Some of the world’s’ – ibid., 20.6.46
p.159 Remembrance Sunday 1946 – ibid., 11.11.46
p.162 correspondent – ibid., 8.10.53
Time magazine – 22.11.37
Kent British Legion – The Times, 15.10.53
p.163 Carpenter – ibid., 11.11.63
Collins – ibid.
‘interference’ and Potter – ibid., 13.11.63
p.164 Stacey – ibid., 9.11.64
Poppy Day returns – ibid., 30.11.64
p.165 ‘Remembrancetide’ – ibid., 13.11.65
‘Since the passing’ – Theology LXVIII (1965), p.527
p.166 Church withdrawal and calvaries – ibid., p.529
‘practical suggestions’ – ibid., pp.529–30
p.167 churchmen’s committee – The Times, 22.8.68
p.168 ‘Having spent’ – Brown, p.76
p.174 Economist – quoted on Clark jacket
‘This is the story’ – Clark, p.11
p.175 ‘A resolute thrust’ – ibid., p.16
‘considerations’ – ibid., p.87
‘ignoring’ – ibid., p.105
‘The battle’ – ibid., p.96
p.176 ‘starved’ – ibid., p.39
‘In the warmth’ – ibid., p.42
‘owed more’ – ibid., p.22
epigraph – ibid., p.115
p.177 Aubers Ridge – ibid., pp.119–21
p.178 operational centre – ibid., p.121
motoring Haig – ibid., pp.121–2
Gough – ibid., p.123
p.179 ‘It had been disastrous’ – ibid., p.126
‘that acknowledged master’ – ibid., p.12
Howard – Listener, 3.8.61
p.181 warzone captions – Taylor, illustrations 148, 61
p.182 personality captions – Taylor, illustrations 24, 81, 107, 82, 63, 120
Loos – Taylor, p.75
p.183 Verdun – ibid., p.94
Somme – ibid., p.105
Passchendaele – ibid., pp.144–5
p.184 Gallipoli – ibid., pp.62, 64
p.185 Sheffield – p.xvii
Taylor – p.179
preface – Taylor, p.9
p.186 ‘pierrot show’ – Theatre Workshop, p.10
play scene – ibid., pp.98–9
p.187 Littlewood – Littlewood, p.693
Terraine – Spectator, 26.4.63
p.188 Barnett and Bond – Bond, p.66
‘a distinguished general’ – ibid., p.65
Liddell Hart – ibid., p.66
p.189 Liddell Hart – The Times, 19.9.64
p.190 Sassoon – Collected Poems, p.85
p.196 Haig’s horse – Bond, p.60
p.199 Kee – Spectator, 1.6.62
Howard – TLS, 13.11.69
p.204 Liddle archive – http://yourarchives.nationalarchives.gov.uk/index.