cīuis cīu-is 3m. and f. citizen
cīuitās cīuitāt-is 3f. state, citizenship
clāmō 1 shout, cry out to/for
clār-us a um famous, well-known, renowned, illustrious; clear, bright
claudō 3 clausī clausum close, enclose, trap
coeō coīre gather, come together; be united (often sexually)
coepī (perf. form: past part. act./pass. coeptus) began
cognit-: see cognōscō
cognōscō 3 cognōuī cognitum get to know, examine, become acquainted with; learn; recognise (perf. tense = know, plup. = knew, fut. perf. = shall know)
cōgō 3 coēgī coāctum force, compel; gather
colligō 3 collēgī collēctum collect, gather; gain, acquire
coll-um ī 2n. neck
colō 3 coluī cultum worship; cherish; cultivate, till; inhabit; care for (one’s looks)
color -is 3m. colour, tinge, hue
com-a ae 1f. hair
comes comit-is 3m. comrade, companion
committō 3 commīsī commissum commit, entrust
commūn-is e shared in, common, general, universal
comparō 1 prepare, provide, get ready, get
condō 3 condidī conditum hide, bury; build, found; compose; preserve
cōnfiteor 2 dep. cōnfessus confess, acknowledge, reveal
cōniciō 3/4 coniēcī coniectum throw, hurl; put together, conjecture
coniunx coniug-is 3f. wife, spouse
cōnor 1 dep. try, attempt
cōnseruō 1 keep safe, preserve, maintain
cōnsili-um ī 2n. plan, purpose; advice; judgement
cōnsistō 3 cōnstitī stop, stand one’s ground, take one’s place; freeze; depend on
cōnspiciō 3/4 cōnspexī cōnspectum catch sight of, see, observe
cōnstit-: see cōnsistō
cōnsul cōnsul-is 3m. consul
contingō 3 contigī happen (to + dat.), come in touch/contact with
contrā (+ acc.) against
cōnūbi-um ī 2n. marriage, right to marry
conuocō 1 summon, call together
cōpi-a ae 1f. control over, use of (X gen.) for sexual purposes; plenty
cōpi-ae ārum 1f. pl. troops
corn-ū ūs 4n. wing (of army); horn
corpus corpor-is 3n. body
cotīdiē daily
crēber crēbr-a um frequent, numerous; thick, close
crēdō 3 crēdidī crēditum believe in (+ dat.); entrust (X acc. to Y dat.); accept as true (+ acc.)
crēscō 3 crēuī crētum grow, be born, increase, swell, advance
crīmen crīmin-is 3n. charge; scandal, offence
crīnis crīn-is 3m. hair
croce-us a um yellow
crūdēl-is e cruel
cruor -is 3m. gore, blood, bloodshed
cui dat. s. of quī/quis
cuidam dat. s. of quīdam
cuiquam dat. of quisquam
cuius gen. s. of quī/quis
cuiusdam gen. s. of quīdam
culp-a ae 1f. fault; blame; scandal
culpō 1 blame, find fault
cum (+ abl.) with; (+ subj.) when; since; although; (+ ind.) whenever
cūnctor 1 dep. delay; hesitate (+ inf.)
cūnct-us a um all
cupiditās cupiditāt-is 3f. lust, greed, avarice, passion, desire, longing
cupiō 3/4 cupīuī cupītum desire, wish, long for, yearn for; want desperately
cūr why?
cūr-a ae 1f. care; attention, thought of; worry, concern, anxiety, caution
cūrō 1 look after, care for, attend to; heal; see to it that
currō 3 cucurrī cursum run
curr-us ūs 4m. chariot
curs-us ūs 4m. running, race; course; direction; voyage
curu-us a um curved, bending, winding
custōs custōd-is 3m. and f. guard, guardian
D
dat-: see dō
dē (+ abl.) about, concerning; from, down from; made from, of
de-a ae 1f. goddess
dēbeō 2 ought, must (+ inf.); owe
decim-us a um tenth
dēcipiō 3/4 dēcēpī dēceptum deceive, trick
decor decōr-is 3m. beauty, grace, charm; skill
ded-: see dō
dēfendō 3 dēfendī dēfēnsum defend, ward off, protect
deinde then, next
dēleō 2 dēlēuī dēlētum destroy, wipe out, erase
dēnique finally; in a word
dēprendō 3 dēprēndī dēprēnsum catch out, catch red-handed (often dēprehendō)
dēscendō 3 dēscendī dēscensum descend, go down
dēsum dēesse to be unforthcoming; offer no (more) access to; lack, fail (+ dat.)
dēui-us a um remote, out of the way
de-us ī 2m. god (nom. pl. deī or dī) god
dexter dextr-a um right; favourable; dext(e)r-a ae 1f. right hand
dī nom. pl. of deus
Diān-a ae 1f. Diana (Artemis), goddess of chastity and the hunt
dīc imper. s. of dīcō
dīcō 3 dīxī dictum speak, say, tell, name
dict-um ī 2n. word, saying
diēs diē-ī 5m. and f. day
difficil-is e difficult, hard, troublesome
diffīdō 3 mistrust, distrust
digit-us ī 2m. finger
dignitās dignitāt-is 3f. distinction, position; honour; rank, high office
dign-us a um worthy; worthy of (+ abl.); worthy to (+ inf.)
dīligēns dīligent-is careful, diligent
dīligenti-a ae 1f. care, diligence
dīligō 3 dīlēxī dīlēctum love, esteem
dīmittō 3 dīmīsī dīmissum send away, release, direct
discēdō 3 discessī discessum depart, go away
distō 1 be distant from (+ abl.)
diū for a long time; comp. diūtius; sup. diūtissimē
dīuiti-ae ārum 1f. pl. riches, wealth
dīu-us a um divine; as noun, god(dess)
dō 1 dedī datum give, grant, permit (‘grant X to’ + inf.)
doct-us a um skilled (in X: abl.); learned, taught, skilled
doleō 2 suffer pain, grieve; be stung
dolor dolōr-is 3m. pain, anguish, grief
domī at home
domin-us ī 2m. master, lord
domō from home
domum to home, homewards
dom-us ūs 4f. (irr.) house, home
dōnec until
dōn-um ī 2n. gift
dormiō 4 sleep
dubitō 1 doubt; hesitate (+ inf.)
dūc imper. s. of dūcō
dūcō 3 dūxī ductum lead; shape; draw out, continue; descend from; extend, prolong; think, consider; acquire, take on
dulc-is e sweet, pleasant agreeable
dum (+ indic.) while; (+ indic./subj.) until; (+ subj.) provided that (also dummodo, modo)
duo duae duo two
dūr-us a um hard, tough, robust, harsh, severe, strict
dux duc-is 3m. leader, guide, general
dūx-: see dūcō
E
ē (+ abl.) out of, from (also ex)
eā abl. s. f. of is
ea nom. s. f. or nom./acc. pl. n. of is
eādem abl. s. f. of īdem
eadem nom. s. f. or nom./acc. pl. n. of īdem
eae nom. pl. f. of is
eam acc. s. f. of is
eandem acc. s. f. of īdem
eārum gen. pl. f. of īdem
eās acc. pl. f. of is
eāsdem acc. pl. f. of īdem
ecce behold! look!
ecquis: ‘[Is] anyone?’
ēdūcō 3 ēdūxī ēductum lead out, bring out
efficiō 3/4 effēcī effectum bring about (that, ut + subj.); cause, make; complete
effugiō 3/4 effūgī escape, feel from, away
ēg-: see agō
egeō 2 lack, need, be in want of (+ abl. or gen.)
ego I
ēgredior 3/4
dep. ēgressus go/come out, depart
ēgress-: see ēgredior
ēh (cf. h) a cry of anguish
eī dat. s. or nom. pl. m. of is
eīs dat./abl. pl. of is
eius gen. s. of is
enim for, in fact, truly (2nd word)
eō īre iī itum go/come
eōdem abl. s. m. or n. of īdem
eōrum gen. pl. of is
eōs acc. pl. m. of is
eōsdem acc. pl. m. of īdem
eques equit-is 3m. horseman; pl. cavalry; ‘knight’ (member of the Roman business class)
equitāt-us ūs 4m. cavalry
equus ī 2m. horse
ergō therefore; well then, so then
ēripiō 3/4 ēripuī ēreptum snatch (from, + dat.), wrench away, rescue
errō 1 be wrong; wander
error -is 3m. mistake, deviation; delusion; dead end
et and; also, too; even; et . . .et both . . . and
etiam still, even, as well; yes indeed
etsī although, even though, even if
ex (or ē) (+ abl.) out of, from
excipiō 3/4 excēpī exceptum sustain; take, receive; welcome; catch; make an exception of
exeō exīre exiī set out, leave; go beyond, exceed
exercit-us ūs 4m. army
exigu-us a um narrow, small, light, dim
exiti-um ī 2n. death, destruction
exsili-um ī 2n. exile
exspectō 1 await, wait for
extrēm-us a um furthest, outermost, last, extreme
F
fābul-a ae 1f. story; play
fac imper. s. of faciō
faci-ēs -ēī 5f. looks, appearance, sight, beauty, face
facil-is e easy, agreeable, affable; superl. facillimus
faciō 3/4 fēcī factum make, do, accomplish
fact-: see fīō
fact-um ī 2n. deed, act, achievement
fallō 3 fefellī falsum cheat, deceive; disappoint; fail, beguile (of time); go unnoticed by
fals-us a um fake, counterfeit, deceptive
fām-a ae 1f. rumour, report; reputation
famili-a ae 1f. household
fās, indecl., n., right, sacred duty; fitting, lawful
fāt-um ī 2n. fate, destiny, death
fēc-: see faciō
fēmin-a ae 1f. woman
fēmine-us a um woman’s, feminine, female
fer imper. s. of ferō
fer-a ae 1f. wild animal
ferē almost, nearly, generally
ferō ferre tulī lātum bear, suffer, endure; bring, carry away/off; lead; ferunt can mean ‘they say’; fertur can mean ‘he/she/it is said’
ferr-um ī 2n. sword; iron
fer-us a um savage, wild
fess-us a um tired
festīnō 1 hurry
fidēs fid-ēī 5f. loyalty, honour; trust, faith; promise, pledge; protection; fulfilment (of a promise)
fīgō 3 fīxi fīxum pierce, transfix; attach, plant
figūr-a ae 2f. beauty, shape, appearance
fīli-a ae 1f. daughter
fīli-us ī 2m. son
fīniō 4 end, finish
fīn-is is 3f. end
fīō fierī factum become; be done, be made (passive of faciō)
firmō 1 reinforce, strengthen, confirm
flamm-a ae 1f. flame (often of passion)
flāu-us a um yellow, blonde (-haired)
flectō 3 flexī flexum bend, curve, avert, steer
fleō 2 flēuī flētum weep
flōs flōr-is 3m. flower
flūmen flūmin-is 3n. river
fōns font-is 3m. spring, fountain, flowing water; source
fore = futūrum esse to be about to be; fore ut (+ subj.) that it will/would turn out that
fōrm-a ae 1f. shape, looks; beauty
fōrmō 1 shape, form, mould
fors fort-is 3f. chance, luck, destiny (usually only in nom. or abl. forte, ‘by chance’)
fortasse perhaps
fort-is e brave, courageous, strong
fortūn-a ae 1f. good or bad fortune, luck, chance; pl. wealth
fortunāt-us a um fortunate, lucky, happy
for-um ī 2n. forum (main business centre)
frāter frātr-is 3m. brother
frēnum ī 2n. rein, control
frōns front-is 3f. forehead
frūstrā in vain
fu-: see sum
fug-a ae 1f. flight
fugāx fugāc-is fleeting
fugiō 3/4 fūgī fugitūrus escape, run off, flee, avoid, shun; fall away
fugō 1 put to flight, rout
fulgeō 2 fulsī shine, flash
fulmen fulmin-is 3n. thunderbolt
fūmō 1 smoke
fundō 3 fūdī fūsum pour
furor furōr-is 3m. rage, fury; madness; mad passion (often pl.)
fūrtim secretly
G
gaudeō 2 semi-dep. gāuīsum find pleasure, rejoice, be happy in (+ gen./abl.)
gaudi-um ī 2n. joy, delight, pleasure
gelid-us a um cold
gemin-us a um twin, double
gemit-us ūs 4m. groan
gemm-a ae 1f. gem
gēns gent-is 3f. tribe, clan; race; family; people, nation
genu gen-ūs 4n. knee
genus gener-is 3n. family; stock; tribe; type, kind
gerō 3 gessī gestum do, conduct, carry on; manage; accomplish, perform; reveal, show; wear
gladi-us ī 2m. sword
glōri-a ae 1f. glory, renown, fame
Graec-us a um Greek
grāti-a ae 1f. thanks, favour, recompense
grātiās/grātēs agō (+ dat.) thank
grāt-us a um pleasing (to X, dat.), welcome
grau-is e serious, important, weighty; heavy; severe
grauitās grauitāt-is 3f. weight; seriousness; solemnity; importance, authority
H
habēn-a ae 1f. rein
habeō 2 have; hold, regard
haereō 2 haesī haesum cling (on/to), be fixed to; stay put; persist; doubt, hesitate
haud not, not at all (strong negative)
herb-a ae 1f. herb, plant, grass
h alas!
hīc haec hoc this; this person, thing; pl. these; he/she/it, they; the latter
hīc here
hinc from here
hodiē today
homo homin-is 3m. man, human being, fellow
honor honōr-is 3m. respect, esteem; (mark of) honour; public office
hōr-a ae 1f. hour
hortor 1 dep. urge, encourage
hostis host-is 3m. enemy (of the state)
hūc (to) here
humī on the ground
humō on, from the ground
hum-us ī 2f. earth, soil, ground
I
ī imper. s. of eō
i-: see eō
iaceō 2 lie, lie prostrate/dead
iaciō 3/4 iēcī iactum throw (away), hurl; pile up
iam now, by now, already; presently
iānu-a ae 1f. door
ibi there
īdem eadem idem the same
igitur therefore
ignār-us a um ignorant, unaware
ignis ign-is 3m. fire
ignōrō 1 be ignorant, not know
ignōscō 3 ignōuī ignōtum forgive, pardon, overlook (+ dat.)
ille ill-a illud that; that person, thing; pl. those; the former; the famous; he/she/it, they
illīc there
illinc from there; from that/one point of view
imāgō imāgin-is 3f. image, guise; reflection; portrayal
imitor 1 dep. imitate
immēns-us a um immeasurable
impedīment-um ī 2n. hindrance
impediō 4 prevent, impede, hinder
imperātor imperātōr-is 3m. leader, general, commander
imperi-um ī 2n. order, command; power (to command
), authority; control; dominion
imperō 1 give orders (to), command (+ dat.: often followed by ut/nē + subj. ‘to/not to’)
impleō 2 implēuī implētum fill
imprīmīs see in prīmīs
in (+ acc.) into, onto; (+ abl.) in, on; (+ acc.) against
in dubiō = in doubt; dubi-us a um uncertain, doubtful, ambiguous
in prīmīs especially
incalēscō 3 incaluī become hot, excited (with desire)
incendi-um ī 2n. fire, conflagration
incert-us a um uncertain, doubtful, unpredictable
inde from there, as a result, from then on
indūcō 3 indūxī indūctum draw X (acc.) over Y (dat.)
ineō inīre iniī initum enter
īnfect-us a um stained, tinged
īnfēlīx īnfēlīc-is unhappy, unfortunate
ingeminō 1 repeat, reiterate, intensify
ingeni-um ī 2n. talent, ability
ingēns ingent-is huge, large, lavish
inimīc-us a um hostile, personal enemy
inquam say (inquis, inquit; inquiunt)
īnsequor 3 dep. īnsecūtus follow, pursue
īnstituō 3 īnstituī īnstitūtum begin, establish; construct; resolve
integer integr-a um whole, untouched
intellegō 3 intellēxī intellēctum perceive, understand, comprehend, grasp
inter (+ acc.) among; between
intereā meanwhile
interficiō 3/4 interfēcī interfectum kill
intrō 1 enter
inueniō 4 inuēnī inuentum find
inuideō 2 inuīdī inuīsum envy, begrudge (+ dat.)
inuīt-us a um unwilling(ly)
ioc-us ī 2m. joke, joking, fun
Iou-: see Iuppiter
ipse ips-a ips-um very, actual, self
īr-a ae 1f. anger, rage, wrath
īrāscor 3 dep. īrātus grow angry (with X: dat.)
īrāt-us a um angry
irrit-us a um undone, vain
is ea id that; he/she/it
iste ist-a istud that of yours
it-: see eō
ita so, thus; yes
Ītali-a ae 1f. Italy
itaque and so, therefore
iter itiner-is 3n. journey, route
iterum again
iubeō 2 iussī iussum order, command, tell
iūcund-us a um pleasant, agreeable, gratifying
iūdex iūdic-is 3m. judge, juror
iūdicō 1 judge
iug-um ī 2n. yoke
iungō 3 iūnxī iūnctum join (often ‘in marriage’ or ‘sexually’)
Iūnō -nis 3f. Juno (Greek Hera), wife of Jupiter
Iuppiter Iou-is 3m. Jupiter, Jove
iūrgi-um ī 2n. abuse, insult
iūs iūrand-um iūr-is iūrand-ī 3n. oath
iūs iūr-is 3n. law, justice, right, bond, obligation
iuss-: see iubeō
iussū by the order (of X: gen.)
iuss-um ī 2n. injunction, order, command
iūst-us a um just, righteous, proper, lawful, fair