First Coalition Government 237
First Ridge 86, 101
Fisher, First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John erratic view of 15–16
an adviser to the War Council 18
threatens to resign 19
and Churchill 19, 457–58
and the Queen Elizabeth 32
resignation 237
and new types of ship 277
Fisherman’s Hut 79, 84
Fitzgerald, Major 428
Fitzmaurice, Trooper James 316
Flynn, Private William 150, 167
Forbes, Midshipman Haydon 146–47, 157
Ford, Lieutenant Hubert 303, 379
Ford, Bugler John 105
Foreign Office 7, 8
Forshaw, Captain William, VC 289, 290–91
Forsyth, Brigadier 310
Foster, Major Claude 390
France
entente with Russia and Britain (1904) 4
Germany encamped in 17
commitment to Gallipoli 386–87
focuses on countering the threat to Serbia 387
see also Corps Expéditionnaire d’Orient
Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) 1
Frankland, Major Thomas 137
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, assassination of (1914) 5
French, Captain David 142–45, 149, 155
French, Field Marshal Sir John 431, 435, 457
French Mediterranean Fleet 9
French War Cemetery, Helles 258
French XIX Corps 9
Freyberg, Lieutenant Commander Bernard 54, 55, 176, 177–78, 286, 442, 443
Fury, HMS 448–49
Fusilier Bluff 260, 262
G
Gaba Tepe 14, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 78, 79, 81–85, 90, 91, 115, 178, 181, 184, 185, 280, 429
Gallipoli
imagined benefits of vii
disregard for the elementary principles of war vii-viii
a truly international campaign viii
a key moment for Churchill and Mustafa Kemal viii
a futile and costly sideshow ix
topography of the Gallipoli Peninsula 59–60
irrelevant to the outcome of the war 179
the countryside 224–25
unburied corpses and flies 227–29
sanitation 229–30
diseases 230–31
artillery as the dominant force 265, 358
appalling winter weather conditions in 402–10
assessment of the campaign 452–62
tour of 503–7
see also Anzac Cove; Helles; Kum Kale; Suvla Bay
Gallipoli town 176
Gallishaw, Private John 392–93
Garnett, Flight Lieutenant W.H.S. 30
Gascon, HMHS 388, 389
Gatley, Private Jack 239, 241, 245, 248–50
Gaulois 33, 36
Geddes, Captain Guy 149, 150
Geddie, J. 443
German Army ix, 69, 457, 458, 461
German East Asiatic Squadron 14, 17
German Empire 5
German High Command 461
German High Seas Fleet 8, 11, 14, 457
German Military Mission, Turkey 9
German Navy 5, 15
German Officer’s Trench 183, 308, 310, 318
Germany
and the 1904 entente 4
relationship with Turkey 5, 6, 7
declares war on Russia (1914) 7
Britain declares war on (1914) 9, 10
encamped in France 17
Gething, Second Lieutenant Philip 406
Ghazi Baba 339
Giguel, Sapeur Gaston-Louis 417–18
Gilbertson, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander Albert 409
Giles, Lieutenant 300, 301
Gillett, Second Lieutenant Reginald 74, 163–64
Gilligan, Leading Seaman 133
Gillon, Captain Stair 369
Glasford, Major Duncan 114, 313
Gloucester (light cruiser) 10–11
Gloucester Castle (hospital ship) 412
Godfrey, Commander 81
Godley, Major General Alexander 48, 107, 109, 194, 276, 307, 308
Godwyn, Sapper James 130–31
Goeben (battlecruiser) 5, 9–12, 32, 43–44, 215, 386
Goldenstedt, Sergeant Major Paul 302
Goldring, Lieutenant Eric 116–17
Goliath, HMS 124, 231–33
Gondard, Private Marius 174
Goulden, Private Thomas 443
Gouraud, General Henri 238, 247, 254, 265
Grampus, HMS (destroyer) 334, 361
Grand Fleet 14–16
Grantham, Sergeant Harry 289
Grantully Castle (transport ship) 177
Grasshopper 445
Great Powers 2
independence 2
in the Balkan League 3
attacked by Bulgaria (1913) 4
neutrality 14, 23, 387
Greek Army 13
Green Hill 283, 331, 350, 377, 506
Grey, Sir Edward 17
Grimshaw, Major 165
Guépratte, Rear Admiral Émile 36, 37
Guezji Baba 137, 138
Gulf of Saros 60, 68, 175, 176
Gulf of Xeros 280
Gully Beach 121, 123, 206, 446, 504
Gully Ravine 122, 123, 129, 208, 242, 258, 259, 262, 263, 264, 418, 419, 504
Gully Spur 241, 258, 259, 260, 263, 439, 440, 504
Gun Lane 426
Gurkha Bluff 222
H
H11 trench 250, 251
H12 trench 250, 251, 258, 260, 262
Haig, General Sir Douglas 46, 254, 431, 436, 458
Hakki, Sergeant 378
Haldane, Lord 17
Halis Bey, Major 94–95, 318
Hall, Sergeant 344, 346
Halse, Lieutenant Eric 356–57
Hamid, Sultan Abdul 2, 3, 4
Hamidieh II (Fort No.16) 30
Hamilton, Lieutenant E.G. 114–15
Hamilton, General Sir Ian 46–47, 108, 117, 360, 452, 458, 505
distinguished career 46–47
commander of the MEF 24, 46, 368
on the Army’s role in the Dardanelles 45, 46
personality 47
relationship with Kitchener 47, 63, 278, 397
German and British systems compared 57
plans for landings 62–69, 76
‘Dig, dig, Dig!’ advice 109, 181
and the landing at Y Beach 121, 123
aboard the Queen Elizabeth 126, 154
orders diversion of troops to W Beach 154
Kum Kale plans 170, 175
diversionary operations 175–78
Second Battle of Krithia 219, 221
new divisions 236–37, 253, 272, 275
Third Battle of Krithia 238
responsibility for Helles disaster 274
rejects Mahon for promotion 278
fails to direct and control subordinates 281–82
overcomplication in his plans 283, 396
Stopford dilutes his plans 330
pays little attention to Suvla 350
focus on Tekke Tepe 355
confesses failure to Kitchener 365–66
cutting assessment by 367
ultimate responsibility for Suvla plan 368
and de Lisle’s plan 369
refuses to consider evacuation 395
dismissed 396
Gallipoli Diary 396
assessment of 396–97
refusal to accept defeat 453
blames everyone else 454
Hamilton, Lieutenant 191, 248
Hammersley, Major General Frederick 281, 350, 354, 355, 368
Hankey, Maurice, 1st Baron 14, 18, 46
Hannay, Colonel C.C. 349
Harcourt, Lewis 18
Hare, Brigadier General Steuart 70, 132, 136–37, 504
Haricot Redoubt 239, 240, 246, 247, 254, 256, 257, 258
Harness, Tom 431
&nbs
p; Harris, Lieutenant Geoffrey 317
Hart, Lieutenant 337
Hartley, Captain Edward 338, 346
Hayrettin, Second Lieutenant Ibrahim 79, 89
Heald, Sub Lieutenant Ivan 432, 442–43, 444–45
health issues 230–31
Hearder, Captain Dixon 84–88, 112
Hell Spit 79, 103
Helles viii, 60, 62, 70, 108, 118, 159, 189, 332
Fort No.1 shells Agamemnon 26
resistance strengthens at the fort 28
Turkish defence works 61
Hunter-Weston responsible for landings 69, 70
main landings to be made in in daylight 70
River Clyde plans 71–73
Hunter-Weston’s pre-battle address 119–20
the beaches and Turkish defences 120
landings see S Beach; V Beach; W Beach; X Beach; Y Beach
trenches from Fort No.1 to Sedd el Bahr 139
Turks desperate for reinforcements 159, 161, 162
and amateurishness of the British Army 168
arrival of U-boats 196, 234
aftermath of the landings 205
First Battle of Krithia 207–9, 207
Turkish night attacks 209–10, 213
Second Battle of Krithia (6-8 May 1915) 216–22
increasingly bleak environment 225
water shortages 230
supply depots 235
Third Battle of Krithia (4 June 1915) 238–52
French attack of 21
June 254–58
Turkish attack on Gully Ravine (28 June) 258–64
British attacks of 12-13 July 268–73
disaster for VIII Corps 367
Munro visits 398
Kitchener’s plan 401
attacks on the Turks 417–20
VIII Corps left marooned 432
garrison in a dire state 432
French keen to remove remaining division and artillery 432–33
Turkish shelling 433–34
Christmas at Helles 434–35
decision to evacuate 435
evacuation plan 436–38
extremely difficult situation 439
Liman attacks Gully Spur 439–41
evacuation 441–49
abandonment of stores and equipment 449
main effort at Gallipoli centred at Helles 452
tactical importance of Achi Baba 504
Helles Memorial 503
Henderson, Captain 148
Henty, Lieutenant Ted 202
Hepburn, Regimental Sergeant Major David 35–36, 38, 188–89
Herbert, A.P. 270
Herbert, Sergeant Jack 412
Heron, Captain 221
Herring, Major Sydney 380
Hersing, Captain Otto von 195, 196, 197–98
Heywood, Second Lieutenant Hugh 285, 286, 287, 288
Hill, Brigadier General Felix 368
Hill 10 280, 282, 331, 334, 347, 349, 506
Hill 60 406, 506
attack on 370, 378–84
Hill 92 379, 380
Hill 100 379
Hill 114 129, 134, 137
Hill 138 132, 134, 137
Hill 141 132, 138, 140, 159, 162, 164–68, 205
Hill 236 206, 208, 209
Hill 971 (Kocacimen Tepe) 78, 88, 95, 279, 280, 292, 323, 325, 355, 505
Hill Q 205, 277, 304, 321–25, 505
Hitch, Signaller Corporal 93, 94, 98–99
Hobbs, Colonel Joseph Talbot 102–3
Holly Ridge 202, 203
Holmes, Captain Basil 415
Horridge, Lieutenant George 216, 224
Howitt, Lieutenant Frank 353
Howse, Colonel 103
Hughes, Brigadier General 315, 316
Hughes, Lieutenant George 390, 402–3
Hughes, Lieutenant Colonel Jack Gethin 305–6
Hunter-Weston, Major General Aylmer 69, 70, 119, 123, 126, 152, 153, 154, 168, 205, 206, 207, 216, 219, 238, 247, 254, 269, 270, 273–74
Hussar, HMS 71, 154
I
Ibbetson, Major Cyril 347
Imbros Island 74, 286, 332, 396, 398, 460
Advanced Supply Depot 235
Imperial War Graves Commission 454, 455
Implacable (pre-dreadnought) 128, 132, 133, 138
In Tepe battery 172
Incebayor Spur, Battleship Hill 93, 97
Indefatigable (battlecruiser) 10, 13, 32
Independent Labour Party 394
India
British route to 18, 22
Cabinet fears effect on India of acknowledging defeat 412
Indian Army 23, 47
5th Gurkha Rifles 322
26th Indian Mounted Battery 103
29th Indian Brigade 50, 216, 222, 241–42, 247, 260, 277, 303, 304, 307, 321, 322, 323
1/6th Gurkha Rifles 222, 294, 304, 321, 324, 325, 326, 388, 406, 412, 505
2/10th Gurkha Rifles 307
14th Sikhs 242, 322, 327
39th Indian Brigade 323
Indian Army Department 47
Indian Mutiny (1857) 18
Indomitable (battlecruiser) 10, 13
Inflexible (battlecruiser) 19, 32, 36, 41, 44
Irresistible 28, 33, 41, 42, 43
Irvine, Major 114
Ishak, Sergeant 410
Islamism 4
Ismailia 23
Ismet, Major 83
Italy
seizes Turkish possessions 3
fails to honour treaty obligations to join the war (1914) 7
continuing neutrality 10
J
J9 trench 258
J13 trench 258
Jacka, Lance Corporal Albert, VC 191
Jackson, Admiral Sir Henry 23–24, 400
‘jam tin’ bomb 223–24
James, Corporal Frederick 114–15
Jarrett, Major 152
Jeanne d’Arc 172
Jeffries, Private Cecil 153
Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John 19, 457
commands the Grand Fleet 14
series of unfortunate incidents (1914) 14–15
Churchill on 17
Jephson’s Post 344, 506
Jerrold, Lieutenant Douglas 270, 434, 450
Jess, Captain Carl 78, 311, 312, 313
Joffre, General Joseph 386
Johnston, Sergeant Cyril 350–51
Johnston, Brigadier General Francis 305, 306, 307
Johnston’s Jolly 117, 191, 192, 310
Joiner, Private Daniel 121–28, 240, 243, 259–60, 262–63
Jones, Second Lieutenant Fred 226
Jones, Sergeant W. 337
Jonquil (headquarters yacht) 350, 355
K
Kaiajik Dere 378
Kamil Pasha, Grand Vizier 3
Kannengiesser, Colonel Hans 61, 215, 240–41, 306–7, 402, 420, 430
Karakol Dagh 282, 332, 339, 340, 349
Karakol Gap 342, 343
Kay, Private Arthur 288, 419
Keen, Private George 153, 154
Kefalo Bay 280
Kelly, F.S. 443
Kemal, Mustafa (later Kemal Atatürk) viii, 109, 292, 385
early life and military career 96
an officer in the Turkish Army viii
Gallipoli as an opportunity viii
commands the Turkish 19th Division 60, 95, 96
dramatic reaction to his orders 95–96
on the difficult terrain 96–97
historic order 97–98
major night attack at Anzac 181–82
fears about Anzac front 282
Anzac breakout 299, 326
replaces Feizi Bey 354
post-war leader of his people viii, 456
‘Six Day’ speech to the Second National Conference (1927) 456–57
Kennedy, Captain Francis 10
Kephez minefield 31
Kephez Point 27
Kereves Dere viii-ix, 206, 208, 216, 219, 239, 246, 270, 272, 433, 438, 504
Kere
ves Spur 208, 254
Kerr, Vice Admiral Mark 13, 63
Keyes, Commodore Roger 45, 399, 400, 460
Kidney Hill 361, 362, 365
Kilid Bahr forts 14, 30, 36, 61
Kilid Bahr Plateau 46, 60, 65–69, 76, 118, 121, 204, 209, 252, 253, 272, 276, 277, 284, 386, 397, 456, 503, 504
King-Wilson, Lieutenant Norman 328–29, 391, 403, 408–9, 416–17, 435
Kiretch Tepe 280–83, 330, 331, 342, 343, 345, 346, 351, 354, 355, 359, 361, 364, 506
Kiretch Tepe Sirt 332, 339, 340, 350
Kirkpatrick, Second Lieutenant Ivone 351–52, 361–65
Kirthedere 439
Kitchener, Lord Herbert 23, 46, 47, 63, 66, 396
on the Dardanelles 1, 24
and Russian request for aid against Turkey 15
raises New Armies 16
a member of the War Council 17, 19
personality 24
relationship with Hamilton 47, 63, 278, 397
and the 42nd Division 216
and the Second Battle of Krithia 221–22
opposes an evacuation 236
popularity with the public 237
Monash on 294
sacks IX Corps senior officers 368
removes two divisions from Gallipoli 387
sums up the situation 398
concern with British prestige in the Islamic world 400, 458
cancels his plan 400
evacuation issue 400, 401, 402, 436
three-day tour of the Peninsula 401
senior appointments 401
and proposed renewed assault on the Straits 412–13
relationship with Robertson 435
fails to take effective restraining action 457
Koe, Lieutenant Colonel Archibald 123
Koja Chemen Tepe 505
Kojadere village 306
Kopp, Seaman Georg 5
Krithia (Alcitepe) 67, 72, 122, 128, 138, 166, 215, 456
First Battle of (28 April 1915) 207–9, 207
Second Battle of (6-8 May 1915) 216–22, 217
Third Battle of (4 June 1915) 238–52
capture expected 285
Krithia Nullah 208, 239, 284, 287, 395, 418
Krithia Spur 220, 239, 284, 287, 288
Kum Kale 28, 60, 67, 130, 142, 170–75, 265, 266
cemetery 27
pier 27, 29
Hamilton’s plan for French landing 170, 171
described 170–71
proximity of the Turks 171
bombardment of 172
French landing at Kum Kale 171
French attack suspended 172
readied for defence 172–73
Turkish counter-attacks 173
surrender of some Turks 173–74
casualty lists 175
Kum Kale (Fort No.6) 13, 24, 27, 170, 172, 173
L
Labour Party 12
Laidlaw, Second Lieutenant Roy 263
Lala Baba hills 279–80, 282, 331, 333, 334, 335, 337–40, 370, 373, 405, 420, 506
Lambert, Captain, RN 158–59
Lamplough, Lieutenant Charles 28
Lane, Major Denis 301
Lane, Captain Raymond 148