Greef, Fernand de, 115
Greef, Jeanine de, 114–15
Greindl, Baron Jean, 114, 118, 119
Greville-Bell, Anthony, 128
Griffith Jr, Welborn, 129
Grimond, Joseph, 12, 18, 22
Groome, Tom, 121
Guderian, Heinz, 30–1, 34, 36, 39, 40, 46
Guérisse, Albert-Marie (‘Pat O’Leary’), 97–8, 100–1, 116, 118, 119, 153
Gurden, Harold, 177
Hackett, John, 132, 136
Hall, Joan, 223
Harcourt, Pierre d’, 53
Harris, Alwen, 183–4
Harris, Arthur, 114, 124
Harwell, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, 148, 157, 158, 187, 210
Hasler, Herbert ‘Blondie’, 121–2
Hayek, Friedrich von, 228
Hayward, Dr Graham, 169
Healey, Denis, 220
Heath, Edward, 25*; as Chief Whip, 160; campaign to enter EEC, 161, 174; AN’s reputation as enemy of, 168–9, 179, 194, 207–9; story of falling-out with AN (1959), 168–9, 208, 209; 1970–74 government, 172, 174, 176, 178–9, 180–2, 190–6; visit to Nazi Germany (1937), 179; personality of, 181–2, 190, 192, 198–9, 207, 208, 216; social background of, 192; Three-Day Week, 194–5; and February 1974 election, 195–6; campaign to remove as leader, 197–9, 200–1, 202–14, 215–17; attends party at Westminster Gardens (July 1974), 199–200; and October 1974 election, 201, 202; meeting with AN (December 1974), 208–9; leadership contest (1975), 217–25; resigns as party leader, 225
Hess, Rudolf, 83, 130, 141, 172
Hildyard, Sir David ‘Toby’, 107
Hinton Waldrist, Oxfordshire, 2, 7, 237, 263, 265
Hitler, Adolf, 18, 20, 25, 27, 31, 46, 122, 142, 179
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 101
Hodges, Mary (step-mother), 106
Holland, 83–4, 89, 110, 112, 114, 118, 122, 130, 136; Royal Dutch East Indies Army, 79, 84; Dutch Resistance, 130, 132; murder of Sir Richard Sykes (March 1979), 247
Holland, Jack, 253–4
Horden, Peter, 205
Houdini, Harry, 92
Howe, Geoffrey, 199, 215, 216, 225
Hulme, Hannah, 149
Hutton, Christopher Clayton, 92, 93
Hyde-Thomson, John, 89
immigration, 172
Imperial College, London, 174
Industrial Relations Act (1971), 180
industrial unrest (1970s), 1, 176–7, 178–9, 180–1, 192–5, 244
intelligence services see secret and military intelligence
Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), 237–42, 249–61
Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP), 238, 239, 240, 242, 250, 251
Irish Republicanism: Fenian movement in North America, 13–14; bomb attack on Hugh Fraser, 131; AN’s hard line on IRA, 156, 161, 228, 230–3, 234–5, 236, 242–3, 260; hatred of AN, 161, 233, 236, 242–3, 247–8; mainland campaign (from 1973), 228; London talks with Whitelaw (1972), 230; splits within during Troubles, 238–9; INLA Maze prison escape (3–4 May 1976), 8, 237–8, 240, 242, 256; INLA Brinks-Mat robbery (June 1977), 241–2; INLA imports arms from Beirut, 242, 254; as on defensive at end of 1978, 243–4; assassination of AN, 1–4, 7–8, 246–7, 249–61, 265; killing of British public figures, 4, 247; 1981 hunger strikes, 256
Ironside, Edmund, 47
Isaacs, Michael, 21, 22, 23, 24–5, 27, 107
Jackson, Robert H., 142
James, David, 223–4
John Thompson (engineering firm), 173–4, 175
Johnson, Albert, 115, 118
Jongh, Andrée de (‘Dédée’), 96, 111–16, 117–18, 119, 153, 188; refuses radio operator, 119; arrested and sent to Ravensbrück and Mauthausen, 117–18; post-war life of, 112, 155
Jongh, Frédéric de, 111, 114, 117
Joseph, Keith, 196, 200, 203, 206, 210, 211, 220, 222, 226
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 141
Keitel, Wilhelm, 141–2
Keller, Ronald, 36
Kelly, Dr Stephen, 233
Kennedy, Ludovic, 178
Keyser Ullmann (bank), 204, 211, 212, 214
Khrushchev, Nikita, 156
King, Tom, 5, 164, 258, 264
Kragt, Dick, 136
Krüger, Walter, 36, 37
Krupp works, Essen, 138–9
Lally, Phelim, 242
Lambton affair (1973), 181
Langley, Jimmy, 101, 105, 106, 109, 110–11, 116, 124; action during war (1940), 54–5; escape from France, 55, 104; on French attitudes to escapees, 95, 96; and AN’s recruitment to M19, 104; transferred to MI9 headquarters, 123; commands IS9 (Western European Area), 127, 133
Larive, Hans, 79–80
Last Tango in Paris (Bertolucci film), 189
Lathbury, Gerald, 132, 135
Lawrence, Geoffrey, 139
Lawton, Frederick, 151, 186
Le Caron, Henri, Twenty-Five Years in the Secret Service (1892), 13–14
Le Neveu, Roger, 118
Legge-Bourke, Harry, 182–3
Leipzig, 82
Lennox-Boyd, Alan, 159
Lewis, Kenneth, 206–7
Ley, Robert, 141
Lilley, Peter, 229, 233
Lindell, Mary, 120–3, 142, 156, 170–1
Longmore, Dickie, 107
Lonsdale, Gordon, 176
Lovat, Lord, 131
Luftwaffe, 31, 35, 46, 114
Luteyn, Abraham Pierre Tony, 79–87, 89–90
Lyons, 121–2
Lyttle, Noel, 258
MacDonald, Ramsay, 13
Macmillan, Harold, 160, 167, 192
Maginis, Sergeant, 38
Malraux, André, xvi
Maréchal family in Brussels, 117, 119
Marseilles, 94, 96–7, 99, 100–1
Marshall, Dr Walter, 187
Marten, Neil, 204–5
Mason, Roy, 234, 235, 236, 243
Mather, Carol, 176–7
Maude, Angus, 204–5, 221
Maugham, Robert, 20–1, 22
Maxwell Fyfe, Sir David, 142–3, 150–1
Maxwell Fyfe, Sylvia, 151
Mayhew, Patrick, 199
Maze prison, near Belfast, 8, 237–8, 240, 242, 256
McCann, George, 256
McCorquodale, Angus, 54–5
McCracken, Henry Joy, 239–40
McDonald, Henry, 254
McGahey, Mick, 193
McGuinness, Martin, 229
McLaren, Nancy, 181
McManus, Jake, 242
McNally, Robert, 253
McNee, Sir David, 246, 248
McNichol, John ‘Eddy’, 238, 240, 241
media, 178, 181, 193–4, 202, 203, 205, 206, 221–2, 243
Merton College, Oxford, 22–6
Merton Floats (college drama group), 24, 77
Mescall, J. M., 135
MI9 (escape and evasion organisation): importance of, 60; founding and early years of, 91–3; ‘Pat Line’ escape chain, 93–102, 104, 109, 116, 118, 119; Andrée de Jongh (‘Dédée’), 96, 111–16, 117–18, 119, 153, 155, 188; lack of radios and operators, 101, 119, 121; Iberian operations, 101–2, 113–14, 116, 122; AN interrogated by, 103; AN recruited by, 104–5; AN’s service in, 55, 60, 96, 104–5, 109–16, 120–4, 125–36, 155–6; IS 9(d) (based at Room 900), 105, 109–12, 123–4, 127, 136; and MIS-X (American counterparts), 109; AN starts work in Room 900, 109–12; ‘Comète’ escape line, 111–12, 113–16, 117–18, 119, 123–4, 130; AN runs female agents, 7, 112, 113, 115–16, 120–3, 155–6; de Jonghs move to Paris, 114–15; seaborne operations, 116–17, 123; Maréchal disaster, 117, 119; German intelligence penetration of networks, 117–18; Nazi brutality against resisters, 119; losses of operatives, 120, 123–4, 129–30, 140; mistakes and misjudgements, 120; ‘Shelburne’ operations (early 1944), 123; and Normandy invasion, 125–9; IS9 (Western European Area), 127, 131, 133, 136, 179; GHQ Liaison Regiment (‘Phantom’), 131; and Bach
enheimer disaster, 132–3; No. 9 Intelligence School TA, 152; AN keeps in touch with old agents, 155–6
Michiels, Victor, 119
Middleton, Donald, 57
Middleweek, Helene (Baroness Hayman), 189
Midweek (BBC TV programme), 178, 221–2
military intelligence see MI9 (escape and evasion organisation); secret and military intelligence
Mill Green Park, Ingatestone, 103, 106
Milne, Keith, 57
‘monetarist’ theory, 206, 220, 228
Montgomery, Fergus, 218
Moore, Charles, 211
Morelle, Elvire, 120
Morrison, Sara, 202
Mosley, Oswald, 26
Motor Gun Boats, 123
Murdoch, Rupert, 183–4
Myrmidons (Merton club), 23–4
Nasser, Abdel, 159
National Government (from 1931), 13
National Union of Mineworkers, 180, 192–4, 195, 200
Nazi Germany: AN’s stay in Berlin (1933), 17–20, 137, 149; AN’s views war as inevitable, 20, 27–8; view of youth of Britain, 25–6; annexes Austria (1938), 27; invasion of France and Low Countries (May 1940), 29–49; cruelty of Polish occupation, 65–8; and Krupp works in Essen, 138–9; Britons illegally in concentration camps, 170–1
Neave, Airey, books: They Have Their Exits (1953), 52–3, 153; Little Cyclone (1954), 112, 153, 188; Saturday at MI9 (1969), 52–3, 153; The Flames of Calais (1972), 42, 50, 153; Nuremberg (1978), 153, 183
Neave, Airey, character/qualities: as enigmatic, detached and unknowable, xv, 4–5, 6, 14, 137–8; frequent depressions, xv–xvi, 106, 107, 109, 127, 136, 170, 182, 183, 185; bravery and courage, xvi, 22, 41–3, 248–9; fundamental decency, xvi, 106, 165, 170–1, 264–5; patriotism, xvi, 22, 161; touchiness/sensitivity to criticism, xvi, 182, 219, 232; vanity, xvi, 155, 184, 210–11; and alcohol, 2, 6, 23, 90, 144, 167; careless attitude to his health, 2, 167–8; physical appearance, 5, 144, 156, 190; hatred of country pursuits, 6; soft voice and retiring manner, 6, 158, 176, 190; as quasi-feminist, 7, 96, 115–16, 191–2; hatred of his name, 11; enjoyment of food, 15, 58; as sceptical of authority, 15–16, 24, 50–1; emotional restraint, 19, 38, 131; and amateur theatricals, 24, 77; resilience and determination, 39, 48–9, 61–2, 170–1, 265; attitude to Germans, 52, 83, 130, 137–8; and religion, 69, 183; impact of Second World War on, 70, 154–6; Rudolf Hess case, 83, 130, 141, 172; scientific interests, 148–9, 156–7, 158, 173–4, 188; strong belief in capital punishment, 161, 172, 228, 233; semi-detached approach to parenting, 163–7; sense of justice as impartial, 172
Neave, Airey, military career: early interest in soldiering, 12, 104–5; zeal not matched by natural aptitude, 12; in Territorial Army, 26–7, 104–5, 152, 157, 158, 179–80; and defence of Calais (May 1940), 29, 30, 31–49, 50–1, 154; military service in early part of War, 29–30, 31–49, 50–1; wounded at Calais, 44–5, 47–9, 50, 154; capture of at Calais, 49, 50, 52–4; impulse to escape, 52–3, 55, 57, 60–8; initial meek acceptance of capture, 53–4, 56; at POW hospital in Lille, 53–5; at Oflag IXA/H (in castle of Spangenberg), 56–8; at Stalag XXa (Thorn, Poland), 59–64, 69; escape from Stalag XXa, 60–8; Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, 66, 137–8, 139–45, 150–1, 172, 179; captured near Ilow, 68–9; Gestapo interrogations of, 69–70; at Colditz, 70, 71–82, 137; first Colditz escape attempt, 73–5; escape from Colditz, 78–87, 88–9, 137, 154–5, 183–4; in Switzerland, 88–93, 94–5; crosses Pyrenees, 101, 115; return to Britain (May 1942), 102, 103–4; and survivor guilt, 106; awarded MC, 107; awarded DSO, 137; and Krupp works in Essen, 138–9
Neave, Airey, personal life: birth of (23 January 1916), 11; elite background of, 10–11; education before Eton, 11; at Eton, 9–10, 11–17, 20–2, 164; relationship with mother, 16, 106; relationship with father, 16–17, 24, 27, 106, 165; stay in Berlin (1933), 17–20, 137, 149; friendships, 20–2, 24–5, 131; at Merton College, Oxford, 22–6; early legal career, 27, 137; gains third class degree, 27; and women, 6–7, 95–6, 107, 115–16, 120–1, 163–4, 188–90, 191–2; meets and marries Diana (1942), 107–8; marriage as partnership, 7, 108–9, 154, 259–60; maisonette at 39 Elizabeth Street, 108, 162; as junior barrister in post-war London, 151; writes two thrillers, 153; lives at Old Vicarage, Ashbury, 162, 166–7, 184–5, 186–8, 190, 210, 214, 236–7; London homes after 1945, 162; heart attack (1959), 167–9; personal security arrangements, 2–3, 237, 247–8, 254–5; assassination of (30 March 1979), 1–4, 7–8, 246–7, 249–61, 265; police/security force investigation into murder of, 7, 249–53, 255–8; identity of killers of, 7–8, 255–8, 260–1; funeral and grave at Hinton Waldrist, 7, 263, 265;
Neave, Airey, political life: politics while at Eton, 12–13, 19–20; politics at Oxford, 24–5; growing interest in politics, 27–8; decides on political career, 149–51, 152; enters parliament as MP for Abingdon, 146–9, 151, 156; causes pursued, 148–9, 156–8, 170–8; political views as difficult to pin down, 150, 172–3, 174, 188, 264–5; hard line on IRA, 156, 161, 228, 230–3, 234–5, 236, 242–3, 260; maiden speech in Commons, 156–7; contributions in Commons, 156–8, 161, 171, 231–2, 234; as parliamentary private secretary, 158–9; as mainstream, modernising Tory, 6, 160–1, 174; as joint parliamentary secretary, 161; Under-Secretary of State at the Air Ministry, 161; as mediocre speaker, 6, 161, 171; absorption in political life, 161–3, 164; constituency homes, 162; reputation as enemy of Heath, 168–9, 179, 194, 207–9; return to back benches, 168–9; story of falling-out with Heath (1959), 168–9, 208, 209; doubts over political career in early 70s, 170, 183; and lessons of the war, 171–2; liberal views on immigration, 172–3; as delegate to UNHCR, 173; directorships while in parliament, 173–4, 175, 214; chairs select committee on science and technology, 174, 188; as a governor of Imperial College, 174; and right-wing coup rumours (1974), 176–7; supports Heath’s trade union strategy, 180–1; Thatcher’s visits to Old Vicarage, 186–8, 190, 210; dines with anti-Heath conspirators, 197–8; elected to 1922 Committee Executive, 198; throws party for new intake of MPs (May 1974), 199; party at Westminster Gardens (July 1974), 199–200; and leadership issue (1974–5), 202–14, 215–17; Milk Street affair, 204–5, 219; meeting with Heath (December 1974), 208–9; runs Thatcher’s leadership campaign, 1, 168, 176, 217–25; shadow Northern Ireland portfolio, 1–2, 70, 161, 182, 226–7, 228–38, 242–4; heads Thatcher’s private office, 227; and fall of Callaghan government, 244
Neave, Airey, secret intelligence career: MI9 service, 55, 60, 96, 104–5, 109–16, 120–4, 125–36, 155–6; ‘Pat Line’ escape route, 93–102; and ‘Dédée’, 96, 111–12, 113, 115–16, 153, 155, 188; ‘Saturday’ code name, 110; losses of MI9 operatives, 120, 123–4, 129–30, 140; and Mary Lindell, 120–3, 142, 156, 170–1; and Beatrix Terwindt, 122, 188; and ‘Shelburne’ operations (early 1944), 123; and Normandy, 125–9; ‘Sherwood’ plan, 125–9; Forêt de Fréteval episode, 126–8, 131–2; saves Chartres Cathedral, 128–9; in Paris (summer 1944), 129–30; and Nijmegen survivors (Pegasus), 130–6, 137; and Pegasus II operation, 135–6; in Amsterdam on VE Day, 136; takes charge of Room 900, 136; commands No. 9 Intelligence School TA, 152; keeps in touch with old agents, 155–6; intelligence connections in civilian life, 175–6, 212, 235
Neave, Caroline (ancestor), 10
Neave, Diana (née Giffard, wife): family estate in Staffordshire, 6, 107–8, 129, 163, 165, 166; background of, 108; meets and marries AN (1942), 107–8; marriage as partnership, 7, 108–9, 154, 259–60; connection with the Poles, 108, 143; wartime intelligence work, 108–9; persuades AN to write Nuremberg, 141; and AN’s political career, 148, 151, 162, 183, 185, 187, 195, 197, 199–200, 227; lives at Old Vicarage, Ashbury, 162, 166–7, 184–5, 186–8, 190, 210, 214, 236–7; semi-detached approach to parenting, 163–7; on Heath, 181, 199; and Thatcher, 188, 190, 224; security fears at Ashbury, 236–7; on AN’s personal security, 248; and death of AN, 2, 3, 259–60; as Baroness Airey of Abingdon, 260; grave at Hinton Waldrist, 263
Neave, Digby (brother), 16, 165
Neave, Dorothy (mother, née Middleton), 11, 16, 106
Neave, Iris Averil (sister), 16
Neave, Marigold (eldest child), 16, 108, 129, 148, 151, 168, 184, 190, 199; on AN’s single-mindedness, 162, 163, 164; education of, 163–4; marriage to Richard, 164, 166–7, 184, 199, 200; and AN’s alcohol problem, 167; on AN’s choice of Northern Ireland, 226, 227; and AN’s death, 259
Neave, Philippa (niece), 165
Neave, Richard Patrick (son), 151, 162–3, 164–5, 166–7, 168, 184–5, 237, 248
Neave, Rosamund (sister), 16
Neave, Sheffield Airey (father), 10–11, 13, 16–17, 24, 27, 106; inherits Mill Green Park, 103; marries Mary Hodges, 106, 165
Neave, Sheffield Henry Morier (grandfather), 10, 103
Neave, Viola (sister), 16
Neave, William (son), 22, 70, 148, 151, 162–3, 164–5, 166–7, 184, 227, 248
Nicholson, Claude, 33, 34, 40, 46–7, 49, 51
Nicholson, Emma, 189
Nijmegen, 56, 130–6, 179
Normandy, 125–9
Northern Engineering Industries (Clarke Chapman), 173, 174, 196, 248
Northern Ireland: Bennett Report into police interrogation methods, 70; political landscape in 1975, 226–7; AN as shadow Secretary of State, 1–2, 70, 161, 182, 226–7, 228–38, 242–4; Sunningdale Agreement (1973), 227, 229, 230, 233–4; AN’s attitude to Unionists, 229; Do You Sincerely Want to Win? (Bow Group booklet), 229; internment in, 230, 237; ‘special category status’ for prisoners, 230; bipartisan approach to Troubles, 230–1, 234, 242–3; AN’s Unionist sympathies, 232–4, 242–3; AN’s regional council initiative (1978), 234, 243, 260, 264; AN and intelligence services, 235; and fall of Callaghan government, 244
Nothomb, Jean-François, 114–15, 118, 129–30
Nouveau, Louis, 96–7, 99, 101, 118
Nouveau, Renée, 97, 99, 101
nuclear power, 148, 156–7, 158, 173, 174
Nuremberg prison, 140–1
Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal, 66, 137–8, 139–45, 150–1, 172, 179
O’Hara, Patsy, 241, 256
Old Vicarage, Ashbury, 162, 166–7, 184–5, 186–8, 190, 210, 214, 236–7
‘O’Leary, Pat’ (Albert-Marie Guérisse), 97–8, 100–1, 116, 118, 119, 153
OPEC, 193
Oppenheim, E. Phillips, 94