British Petroleum (BP), 258
Brokaw, Tom, 525
Brooks Brothers Riot, 494, 495
Broward County, Fla., 494
Brown, Harold, 403, 415, 417
Brown Brothers, xxx–xxxi, xxxii, 40
Brown Brothers Harriman, 81, 122, 254
Brown v. Board of Education, xiii
Bryan, William Jennings, xxv, xxvi, 3, 5–6, 43, 74, 418, 489
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 360, 412, 415, 419, 420, 475, 536
anticommunism of, 402, 404, 406, 409, 544, 566
and early-warning system failure, 417–18
influence on Carter by, 403–7, 407, 409–10, 413, 415–19, 491
in Trilateral Commission, 402–3
Buchanan, Pat, 483, 492
Buckley, William Francis, 457
Buck v. Bell, 80–81
budget deficits, G. W. Bush’s, 545, 547
Buffet, Warren, 546
Bulgaria, 90, 111, 114, 209, 214, 521
in NATO, 537
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 224, 253, 301, 318
Bundy, McGeorge, 269, 290, 291–92, 292, 297, 307, 327, 329, 337, 344, 347, 352, 367
Bundy, William, 332, 333
Bureau of Investigative Journalism, British, 573
Burma, 100, 138, 305, 328
Bush, George H. W., 81, 178, 377, 464–66, 494, 496, 516, 566
at CIA, 396–97, 399, 403, 420, 426, 466
Gorbachev and, 464, 466, 467, 469–71, 483, 537
in Iran-Contra scandal, 456–58, 466
Noriega pursued by, 471–73
Persian Gulf War and, 483
as Reagan’s vice president, 421–22, 424, 425, 432–33, 438, 465
Bush, George W., 81, 140, 372, 391, 490, 501, 532, 562, 608, 609
administration of, 685n
on Afghanistan, 506–7, 513, 551
axis of evil of, 522, 534
budget surplus turned to deficit under, 545, 547
compassionate conservatism shed by, 492, 494, 495–96
contempt for public opinion of, 494–95, 512, 524–25
executive powers usurped by, 550–51
federal spending under, 545
on Iran, 535, 544
Iraq and, 474–81, 491, 501–3, 504, 510, 512–34, 544, 573, 595
low approval ratings of, 499, 547–48
National Guard service of, 523
nuclear policy of, 538–39
Pakistan and, 535
post-9/11 climate exploited by, 504–5
Russia and, 536–42
in 2000 election, 492–94
unilateralism and PNAC agenda of, 494, 496, 497
war crimes imputed to, 499–500, 507, 511, 549
war on terror of, 504–5, 526, 530, 537, 544–45, 572
Bush, G. W., administration of, 491, 517, 521, 540, 542, 562, 564, 570, 598, 612, 613, 685n
Citigroup bailout and, 552–53
NATO expanded by, 469
Vietnam combat avoided by, 523–24
Bush, Jeb, 464, 490, 493
Bush, Prescott, 81–82
Bush, Vannevar, 197
Business Week, 56–57
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 11–12, 195
Butler, Smedley, xxx–xxxiii, xxxii, 64, 377
Butterfield, Alexander, 368, 389–90
Byrd, Robert, 483
Byrnes, James F. “Jimmy,” 120, 121, 128, 142–44, 147, 160, 162–64, 165, 175, 177–78, 184, 187, 196–97, 203, 207
Cahn, Anne, 397, 417
Calderón, Felipe, 603–4
California, 246, 357, 421
forced sterilizations in, 80–81
Japanese internment and evacuation of, 152–54, 155
potential terrorist targets in, 505
Sinclair’s “End Poverty” campaign in, 56
Calley, William, 368
Cambodia, 305, 338, 463, 466, 612
Khmer Rouge in, 388–89
Nixon’s bombing of, 360–61, 363, 370, 371, 379, 388
Vietnamese troops in, 389, 467
Cambone, Stephen, 685n
Camp David Accords, 404
Canada, xvii, 190, 422, 546, 554, 582, 603
Cannon, Walter, 60
capitalism, xviii–xix, 34, 48, 60, 63, 104, 274, 276, 322, 426, 454, 485
democracy and, 8, 26, 28
fall of communism and triumph of, 469
FDR’s approach to, 49
free-market, 545
imperialism and, xxx–xxxiii
and increasing income inequality, 545–47
in Iraq, 530
post–World War II, 111
Russian crony, 485
Russian hardships under, 538
third world countries and, 257–58
transition from socialism to, 484
World War I and, 4, 5
capitalists, 78, 82
FDR on, 557–58
foreign markets supported by, xxii
Caravan of Death, 378
Caribbean, xvii, xxviii, 434–35, 436, 603
Carlsbad Cavern National Park, 284
Carlucci, Frank, 425, 431
Carnegie, Andrew, xxii, 80
Carroll, James, 299
Carroll, Joseph, 299
Carter, Jimmy, 397, 407, 422, 428, 430, 432, 433–34, 461, 566
achievements of, 391, 404–5
on Afghanistan, 413–16, 425, 459
and Central America, 410–12
dependence on Brzezinski by, 403–7, 407, 409–10, 413, 415–19, 491
election of, 400–401, 401
Iran and, 408–10, 411
on Trilateral Commission, 401–3, 490, 491
Carter Doctrine, 414–15
Cartwright, James, 578
“Case for American Empire, The” (Boot), 503
Casey, William, 399, 420, 426–27, 427, 430–31, 436, 456, 458–59, 460, 461, 471
Castillo Armas, Carlos, 262, 264–65
Castro, Fidel, 279, 280, 288, 293, 343, 346, 377, 391, 406
Cuban Missile Crisis and, 308, 310
J. F. Kennedy and, 320–22, 325
opposition to, 291, 303–4
Castro, Raul, 603
Catholics, 84, 141, 246, 269, 426, 432
liberation theology among, 433
Catholic World, 177
Cattell, James McKeen, 11
caudillos (strongmen), 38, 40
CBS, 116, 181, 208, 466, 547
Census Bureau, 556
Center for American Progress, 579–80
Center for Constitutional Rights, 499, 575
Center for Strategic and International Studies, 518, 580, 608
Central America, xxxi, xxxii, xxxii, 43–44, 425, 428, 433, 436, 456, 471, 567, 603
unrest in, 410–12
U.S. investment in, xxix–xxx
Central Asia, 126
natural gas in, 488, 490, 591
Soviet, 413, 416
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 82, 209, 213–14, 238, 246, 248, 253, 263, 265, 270, 272, 295, 316, 386, 403, 408, 417, 422, 424, 431, 475, 502, 523, 564
Afghanistan and, 413–15, 416, 459–60, 488, 506, 583
Al-Qaeda threat and, 497–98
anti-Castro Cubans employed by, 457
Bay of Pigs and, 266, 279, 291–92, 294–95
bin Laden unit of, 528
black propaganda of, 426–27
“black site” prison facilities of, 504, 507, 508–9, 567
Central America Task Force of, 430
and Chile, 372–75, 377–78
Counterterrorism Center of, 488, 509, 574, 587
Counterterrorism Pursuit Teams of, 571–72
Covert Operations Group of, 514
Cuban intelligence operation of, 303–4
Directorate of Plans at, 348
drones and, 573–74, 577
extraordinary rendition program of, 561
in Guatemala, 263, 265, 266, 430
Indonesia and, 348–49, 352
Iran and, 259–60, 408, 409–10, 457, 534–35
Iraq and, 514, 517, 519, 520
Italian elections subverted by, 215
J. F. Kennedy’s change of heart and, 322–23
Johnson’s Latin American policy and, 343–44, 346
kill lists of, 574
in Nicaragua, 430, 455–58
9/11 and, 507
Noriega and, 471
Overseas Internal Security Program of, 338
in Pakistan, 581
in Poland, 468
President’s Daily Brief and, 405
in Reagan’s anti-Communist crusade, 426
on Soviet Union, 450, 466
Special Operations Group of, 335
Special Projects operation of, 214
surveillance of antiwar groups by, 335, 338
Taliban and, 486, 488
Team B and conservative takeover of, 396–99, 426, 466, 490, 542–43
torture and, 507–11, 514
on Vietnam, 327, 329–30, 370
Central Powers, 4–5
Century of the Common Man, xi, 101, 181
Chad, 536
Chalabi, Ahmed, 491, 514–15, 520, 529
Chamberlain, Neville, 88, 192, 217, 475
Chamberlain-Kahn Act of 1918, 16
Chamber of Commerce, U.S., 54–55, 63, 560
Chapin, Frederic, 428, 430
Chase Bank, 77–78, 82
Chase Manhattan Bank, 372, 401
Chávez, Hugo, 391, 603
Chechnya, 468, 486
Chemical Warfare Service (CWS), 20–24, 26
chemical weapons, 18–26, 27, 517, 518
Iraqi, 440, 473, 516, 517
Syrian, 601–2
in Vietnam, 306, 330–32, 331, 364–65
Cheney, Dick, 391, 399, 435, 457, 466, 472, 474, 475, 477–80, 482–83, 485, 489, 498, 507, 547, 561, 562, 564, 568, 576, 612, 685n
contempt of, for public opinion, 494, 512
Energy Task Force of, 513
as G. W. Bush’s vice-president, 492–94, 496
Halliburton and, 490, 531
on Iran, 534–35
and Iraq, 491, 514, 515, 519–20, 525, 529, 533
larger agenda of, 504, 511
9/11 and, 501
unpopularity of, 499, 547
Vietnam avoided by, 523
Chennault, Anna, 358–59
Chennault, Claire, 222, 358
Chernenko, Konstantin, 446
Chernobyl nuclear accident, 450
Chernyaev, Anatoly, 449, 469
Chiang Kai-shek, see Jiang Jieshi
Chicago, Ill., 242, 341, 357, 358, 423
general strike in, xix
Haymarket riots in, xx, xx
Chicago, University of, 10, 21, 177, 185, 269, 383, 561
Metallurgical Laboratory at, 134–36, 160–61
Chicago Tribune, xxiv, 12, 61–62, 69, 70, 73, 80, 96, 191–92, 235, 240, 293, 377, 423, 533–34
Childs, Marquis, 225
Chile, 138, 372–79, 375, 379, 424, 521, 555, 603
China, xvi, xxxii, xxxii, 45, 103, 116, 236, 257, 268, 348, 459, 477, 543, 576, 609, 611, 612, 613
as America’s new global rival, 605–12
Boxer Rebellion in, xxxi
Carter and, 408, 413, 415
casualties of, 87, 244, 245
Communists in, 188, 249
Communist takeover of, 222–23, 226, 236, 238, 366
drones of, 576–77
G. H. W. Bush and, 466–67
human rights in, 408
Internet censorship in, 563, 564
Japanese aggression in, 85, 88, 90, 150
Korean war and, 238–42, 244–46, 248, 250–51
MacArthur’s proposed war with, 242–44
Nixon and, 379, 381–82, 388–89
nuclear weapons of, 349, 363, 382, 539, 540
as potential nuclear target, 250, 268, 281–82, 287, 295, 312
Russia’s ties with, 540
Soviet relations with, 223, 251, 349, 363
Tiananmen Square demonstrations in, 467, 477
trade with, xxiv–xxv, 610
United Nations and, 236, 313
U.S. relations with, 466–67
Chinese Communist Party, 222–23
Christian Century, 83, 156
Churchill, Winston, 28, 29, 95–96, 104, 110–13, 119–21, 138, 146, 189, 225, 251, 259, 424
as anti-Soviet, 190–94, 191, 200
Atlantic Charter and, 98, 99, 102–3, 464
on atomic weapons, 180, 249, 255, 271, 285
in meeting with Stalin, 113–14, 115, 206, 209
at Potsdam, 161, 163–64, 165
at Yalta Conference, 114–17, 118
Citigroup, 551, 552–54
Citizens United case, 558
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 49, 51
civil liberties, 561–62
abuse of, xii, 44
Obama and, 549, 550–51
post-9/11 violation of, 504–5
security vs., 560–65
civil rights, G. W. Bush administration record on, 544–45
Civil Rights Congress, 232
civil rights movement, 233, 340, 356
Civil War, U.S., 19, 80
Clapper, James, 577
Clapper, Raymond, 69–70
Clark, Bennett Champ, 65, 74, 77
Clarke, Richard, 497, 502–4
Clarke, Wesley, 522–23
clash of civilizations thesis, xv
Clemenceau, Georges, 7, 17, 31–32, 34
Cleveland, Grover, 422
Clifford, Clark, 204–6, 211–12, 218, 221, 333–34, 341
Clinton, Bill, 392, 483–84, 487, 488, 496, 535, 551, 568, 608, 685n
on bin Laden, 490
federal spending under, 545
Iraq and, 491–92
Russia and, 485, 537
Clinton, Bill, administration of, 488, 490, 514, 547, 554, 565, 613
NATO expanded by, 469
Clinton, Hillary, 518, 551, 564, 566–68, 569, 578, 580, 588, 592, 595, 606–7, 608
CNN, 514, 515–16, 521, 587, 591
Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), 529
Coast Guard, 232, 283
Coetzee, J. M., xiii
Cohen, Eliot, 490, 567, 685n
Cohen, Stephen, 459
Colby, William, 399
Cold War, 143, 180, 181–226, 235–36, 248–49, 251–72, 273–323, 325–54, 356, 392, 402, 405, 409, 414, 421, 426, 447, 462, 469, 508, 523, 539, 541, 543, 544, 611, 612
end of, xi, 463–64, 465, 469, 482, 605
Cole, USS, Al-Qaeda attack on, 490
Colombia, xvii, xxviii, 338, 428–29, 603, 604
Medellín drug cartel in, 471
colonialism, 43, 268, 426
banning of, xi
see also specific countries
Colson, Charles, 362, 385, 390
Columbia University, 2, 11–12, 195, 356, 402, 420, 550, 556
Combined Chiefs of Staff, 138, 148
Commentary, 399, 434, 522
Commerce Committee, 439
commercial banks, 552
Commission on Training Camp Activities (CTCA), 16–17, 17
Committee of Physicians for the Improvement of Medical Care, 62
Committee on Public Information (CPI), 8–10, 9, 24, 36
Committee on Social and Political Implications (Franck Committee), 160–61, 185
Committee on the Present Danger (CPD), 399, 402, 404–5, 416, 436, 443, 445, 490
communism, 26, 33, 58, 64, 72, 73, 84, 96, 194, 197, 207, 236, 237, 242, 293, 577–78
in China, 222–23, 226, 350, 605, 607
in Soviet Union, 56–57, 85
in U.S., 57–60, 62, 108, 204, 212, 231, 233, 235
Communist Party:
Brazilian, 343
Chinese, 350, 605, 607
Soviet, 349, 350, 446
Communist Party of the U
nited States of America (CPUSA), 57–60, 62, 108, 204, 212, 231, 233, 235
Communists, 37, 77, 84, 128, 129, 210, 215, 220, 221, 232, 252, 266, 290, 332, 348, 351, 384, 428, 485, 580
in Dominican Republic, 347
Greek, 114
Guatemalan, 261–66
Hollywood, 212
Jewish, 219
postwar popularity of, 188