Grocer’s Company guild, 174
Grosseteste, Robert, 113–15
guilt culture, 211, 212
Gyvill, Gracias de, 43
Halesowen, abbot of, 81–90, 100
Halley’s Comet, 179
Hardy, Thomas, 42, 89
Harvey, Barbara, 80
Hasidism, 165
Hastings family, 136–40
Hatcher, John, 88
Hebrew Bible, 187
Heloise, 144
Hennessy, Captain, 36
Henry II, King of England, 32–33, 38, 104, 217
Henry III, King of England, 33, 113
Henry IV, King of England. 57, 141, 215, 217–18
Henry V, King of England, 37, 218
Henry VI, King of England, 218
Henry VIII, King of England, 208
Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster, 55–56, 61, 174
herbal remedies, 9
heresy, 154, 159, 194
Catharist, 151
William of Occam investigated for, 112
women and, 144
see also Lollards
heriot, 93
Herlihy, David, 15, 202
higher education
exclusion of women from, 143–45
see also specific universities
Hildegard of Bingen, 144
Hippocratic staff, 176
HIV, see AIDS
Holocaust, 157, 166
Holy Trinity Priory, 54
homeopathy, 174
homosexuality
of monks, 111
of Richard II, 57, 141, 216
horizontal transmission of diseases, 180
hoof and mouth disease, 14
Horden, Peregrine, 176
Horrox, R., 50
House of Lords, English, 60
Howard, Donald, 219
Hoyle, Fred, 178–82
Hubert, Count, 154
Huizinga, Johan, 201–2, 211–13
human genome project, 20
humanism, 208, 210, 219
among Jews, 152
Hundred Years War, 33, 39, 50, 133, 199, 209, 213–19
Iceland, 16
immunization, natural, 191, 193
India, 18, 21, 119, 180
Indonesia, volcanic eruptions in, 74
Industrial Revolution, 166
infanticide, female, 146
influenza pandemic, 7, 9–10
Inns of Court, 125
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 18–19
Iraq, germ warfare and, 4
Ireland, 215
Isabella, Queen of England, 75
Israel, 166, 167
Italy, 64, 181, 192, 194, 219
arrival of plague in, 172
Jews in, 147–48, 163
medical practice in, 175
painting in, 208
Renaissance, 209–13
Roman law in, 112
Jews, 76, 121, 197, 220
ancient, 187
and Aristotelian thought, 116, 117
immigration to United States of, 96, 167
persecution of, 120, 147–67, 171
Joachimism, 197
Joan, Princess of England, 29–30, 34, 37, 40–50, 52, 58, 61, 107, 218
Joan, Queen of Naples, 153, 158
Joan of Arc, 36, 57
Joan of Kent, Princess, 56
Johannsen, Grant, 185
John, King of England, 33, 216
John of Gaunt, Prince, 47, 56–58, 61, 133, 141, 215, 219
John of Sutton, 83
jointures, 127
Journal of the Plague Year (Defoe), 8
Jungian archetypes, 178
Justinian I, Emperor, 192–93
Justinian Code, 162
Kabbalah, 151, 152, 155, 159, 197
Kant, Immanuel, 118
Karlsson, Gunnar, 16
Kelem, St., 84–85
Kenya, 185, 186
Keys, David, 177
Khaldun, Ibn, 6
kingship, 30–32, 214–15, 218
knighthood, 124
Knowles, David, 202
Laboratory of Microbial Structure and Function, 18
Labor party, British, 93
labor shortages, 24, 89, 135, 203
Lancaster, House of, 57, 58
Langland, William, 5–6, 96–97, 172, 220
La Sauve, Abbey of, 51
Leakey, Mary, 185
le Botiler, Anakretta, 131–33
le Clerque family, 135–36
le Strange family, 130–36
literature, 208–9
death imagery in, 201, 212, 213
vernacular, 195
Lithuania, Jews in, 166
Living and Dying in the Middle Ages (Harvey), 80
logic, Aristotelian, 116, 117
Lollards, 144, 207–8
London, Concordat of (1107), 106
London, University of, 183
longbows, 35
Louis IV, Emperor, 112
Louis of Bavaria, Emperor, 159
Lucy, 185–86
Luther, Martin, 115
mad cow disease, 15
Maimonides, 117, 121, 151, 152
malaria, 38, 215
Malthusianism, 8, 198
Mamson, 155
Manny, Walter, 53
Marcus, I. R., 147
marriage patterns, 88–89
of gentry, 124–25, 127, 131–33, 142–43
Marsilio of Padua, 113
Marxists, 208–9
mass graves, 23
medicine
Eastern, 174
medieval, 8–9, 22–23, 66, 119, 158, 174–76
modern, 111–12, 121, 171
Meiss, Millard, 208, 209, 212
meningitis, 19
mercenaries, 35, 36
Mexico, smallpox in, 191
miasma, 21, 22, 173
monasteries, 77–83
food consumption in, 79–80
money-lending
by Italian banks, 61, 60
by Jews, 155–56, 160–62
Mongolians, 188
Montpellier, University of, 176
Morris, John, 183
Moulawe family, 92
murrain, 16, 84, 171
Muslims, 34, 116, 188, 189, 193, 195
National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Genetic Diversity of, 20
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 18
Native Americans, 191
natural law theory, 121
Nazis, 157, 166
NBC Nightly News, 4
Neoplatonism, 205
New Church Haw, 53
New Physics, 195
Newton, Isaac, 122
New York Times, The, 4
New York University, 19
Nicholas of Poland, 176
nobility, higher, 58–61
Norman Conquest, 106
Norway, 16
nunneries, 146
O’Brien, Stephen J., 20
Occamists, 115
see also William of Occam
Offord, John, 104–5
optics, 114, 195
Order of the Garter, 37, 137
Ottoman Turks, 193
Our Place in the Cosmos (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe), 178
outer space, diseases from, 178–83
Oxford University, 43, 57, 112–15, 196
Bradwardine at, 101, 109, 110, 116, 118, 119, 122
radical theologians from, 90, 91, 207
Paris, University of, 23, 109, 113, 115, 116, 118
Parliament, English, 24, 60, 89
Edward III and, 38–39
Richard II and, 57, 141, 215
and war with France, 26
and wool trade, 64
Pearl (poem), 98–99
Peasant’s Revolt of 1381, 24, 90–91, 94
Pedro, Prince of Castile, 34, 40, 43, 48
Pelagius, Pope, 177
Peloponnesian War, 188
Pericles, 188
Perpendicular style, 209
Persia, 173, 175
Peter, King of Aragon, 152
Petrarch, 219
Peyret, Rabbi, 147–48
Philip the Fair, King of France, 102
Philip VI, King of France, 161
Philippa of Hainault, Queen of England, 43, 57
Philistines, 187
physics, 109–10, 119, 195
Picasso, Pablo, 103
Piers Plowman (Langland), 5–6, 96–97, 172, 220
Plantagenets, 32–34, 37, 45–46, 50, 52, 214, 217
Avignon papacy and, 113
destabilization of, 56–57
in Hundred Years War, 33, 39
Peasants’ Revolt against, 91
and Spain, 44, 47–48, 61, 218
taxes collected by, 72–73
see also specific English monarchs
Platonism, 116
Podio, Gerald de, 43, 45
pogroms, 163, 167
Poland, 181
Jews in, 158, 163–67, 171
poor laws, 93
population change, 8, 68, 198
Portner, Heinrich, 155, 160
Power, Eileen, 146
Preachers, Order of, 114
predestination, 111
Princeton University, 219
professions
exclusion of women from, 143–45
legal, 125–26, 129, 141
medical, see medicine
prostitution, 93, 203
Protestant Reformation, 206
purgation, 9
Quia Emptores, 69
quarantines, 24–25, 181
Ralph, Earl of Stafford, 131–32, 137
rats, 11–13, 16, 46, 130, 171–72, 181, 182
Razi, Zvi, 81, 86
real estate law, 126
Reformation, 206
Renaissance, 202, 209–13
Rhodesia, 14
Richard I (the Lion-Hearted), King of England, 33
Richard II (Shakespeare), 214, 216
Richard II, King of England, 56, 57, 91, 141, 215–18, 220
rinderpest, 14
“Ring Around the Rosies”, 5, 6
Robertson, D. W., Jr., 219–20
rodents, 11–13, 15, 21–22, 163
quarantines and, 24
Roman Catholic Church, 45, 70, 101–22, 193–94, 197, 204
break of Henry VIII with, 208
courts and, 96
culture of, 94–95
heresies against, see heresy
kingship and, 214
lands owned by, in England, 75–87
Lollards and, 207–8
Plantagenets and, 39
in Poland, 166
Renaissance and, 210
science and, 195–96
sexual promiscuity condemned by, 192
women in, 144, 145
see also Avignon papacy
Roman Empire, 30, 38, 188–94, 211, 214
Britain in, 65
plague in, 11
slaves in, 70
Spain in, 150
and tradition of kingship, 30
Roman law, 112, 125, 162
Romanovs, 165
Rostovtzeff, Michael, 189–90
Rothschild family, 34, 37
Royal Geographical Magazine, 19
Russia
germ warfare factory in, 4
Jews in, 165
czarist, fall of, 190
St. John the Divine, Cathedral of, 108
St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, 17–18
St. Mary Graces, monastery of, 54
Sanctus, Louis, of Beringen, 172–73
Saudi Arabia, 193
Saul, Nigel, 216
science, 17, 116–22, 195–96
Aristotelian, 116–18, 122
experimental, 114
Jews and, 159
modern, 118, 119, 121, 122, 195
Scotus, Duns, 115
serfdom, 203
in England, 70–73, 87, 89
in Poland, 164
Seventh Seal, The (film), 7
sexuality
of gentry class, 143, 146
in Roman Empire, 192
see also homosexuality
sexually transmitted diseases, see AIDS; gonorrhea
Shakespeare, William, 127, 214, 216, 217
Shaw, George Bernard, 145
sheep, 63–65, 68, 77
Sicily, 42, 200
Sieberg, Judith von, 161
Sieberg, Meyer von, 161
Siger of Brabant, 118
smallpox, 4, 5, 180, 188, 191, 192
inoculation against, 9
snakes, 120, 173–77
Soviet Union, 71
Jews in, 166, 167
Spain, 46, 52, 138–39, 200
Aristotelian thought in, 116
conquest of Mexico by, 191
England and, 29, 34, 37–38, 44, 48, 58, 61, 133, 215, 218
Jews in, 150–52
Spanish influenza epidemic, 7, 9–10
Sparta, ancient, 188
Spital Croft, 53
Stafford, Elizabeth, 131–32
Stalinism, 167
Stratford, John, 104
Stubbs, William, 216
Study of History, A (Toynbee), 188
Sudan, 186, 187
Sweden, 7
Switzerland, Jews in, 149, 154, 156, 157
synchronic analysis, 17
Talbot family, 133–35
Tanzania, 185
tapestries, 22
taxation, 31, 36, 72, 209, 214
inheritance, 93, 128
of Jews, 153, 162
knighthood and, 124
textile industry, 64, 200, 203
Thatcher, Margaret, 93
Thedrich, Thomas, 92
Thedrich, William, 91–92
theriac, 174–75
Thomas of Birmingham, Abbot of Halesowen, 82–87, 89, 92
Thomism, 116–18, 120–22
Thomkyns family, 92
Thompson, Edward I., 15, 16
Tiller, Terence, 98
Tolkien, J. R. R., 98
Toronto, University of, 15
Toynbee, Arnold J., 188
Trappist Order, 64
tuberculosis, 19, 170
Twigg, Graham, 13, 15
Uganda, 186
Ukraine, 70
grain production in, 67
Jews in, 163–67
Ullford, Andrew, 43, 45,
United States, 3–4, 92
bubonic plague in, 21
cattle ranching in, 66
grain production in, 67
Jews in, 96, 166, 167
in World War II, 88
Valavigny, 155
vertical transmission of diseases, 179–80, 183
Wales, 7, 8, 134, 183
coal industry in, 67
English domination of, 35, 37
Wales, University of, 178
Walram, Archbishop, 158, 161–62
Waning of the Middle Ages, The (Huizinga), 201–2
War of the Roses, 57
weaponry, medieval, 35
Weber, Max, 206
Wenzel, Siegfried, 6
West Nile virus, 186
Westminster Abbey, 80
Wickramasinghe, Chandra, 178–81
widows, inheritance rights of, 126–33, 142
William of Beauchamp, 137–39
William of Birmingham, 83
William of Occam, 112–13, 115, 116, 118
wine, 55–56
exports to England of, 32–34, 37, 51
witchcraft, 151
women, 203
gentry, 126–30, 135, 142–46
Jewish, 164
life expectancy of, 41–42
Woolf, Virginia, 145
wool production, 64–65, 203
World War I, 165–66
World War II, 16, 6
7, 88, 108, 166
Wycliff, John, 57, 207
Yale University, 189
yeomen, 123, 135, 203, 206
Yersina pestis, 18
Yiddish culture, secular, 166
York, House of, 57
Zionism, 166
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Copyright © 2001 by Norman Cantor.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cantor, Norman F.
In the wake of the plague : the Black Death and the world it made / Norman F. Cantor
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Black death—History. I. Title.
RC172 .C36 2001
614.5’732—dc21
00-053555
ISBN 0-684-85735-9
eISBN 978-1-4391-3602-7