penniless Black man: Alfreda M. Duster, ed., Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020), 263–73; Paula J. Giddings, Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynching (New York: Amistad Press, 2008), 482–87.
NAACP’s Legal Defense and Educational Fund: “About Us” https://www.naacpldf.org/about-us.
First Defense Legal Aid: “About Us” https://www.first-defense.org/about/.
opened the Negro Fellowship League: Alfreda M. Duster, ed., Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020), 259.
Ferdinand was assistant state’s attorney: F. L Barnett Candidate For Alderman of the 2nd, The Broad Ax (Salt Lake City, Utah) February 24, 1917, page 4 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6653894/the-broad-ax/.
Steve Green: Alfreda M. Duster, ed., Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020), 286–87; Paula J. Giddings, Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynching (New York: Amistad Press, 2008), 494–97.
a quarter of the 116th House: Drew DeSilver, “A record number of women will be serving in the new Congress,” Pew Research Center, December 18, 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/18/record-number-women-in-congress/.
VII. MONUMENTAL
Ida B. Wells Memorial Foundation: “Home,” www.ibwfoundation.org.
public housing community: “March Center Court: Ida B. Wells,” Illinois Tech, March 5, 2018, https://www.iit.edu/news/march-center-court-star-ida-b-wells.
1974 national landmark: “Ida B. Wells-Barnett House,” http://landmarkhunter.com/148539-ida-wells-barnett-house/.
Chicago landmark status: “Ida B. Wells-Barnett House,” City of Chicago, https://webapps1.chicago.gov/landmarksweb/web/landmarkdetails.htm?lanId=1453; “Chicago Landmarks”—Ida B. Wells-Barnett House, https://web.archive.org/web/20070607163021/http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Landmarks/I/IdaBWells.html.
monument to Ida B. Wells: “The Monument,” http://idabwellsmonument.org/newsite4/the-monument/; Liz Dwyer, “There Are No Ida B. Wells Monuments in America. Her Great-Granddaughter Is Out to Change That,” Shondaland, July 16, 2018, https://www.shondaland.com/inspire/a22145974/there-no-ida-b-wells-monument-in-america-her-great-granddaughter-is-out-to-change-that/.
Ida B. Wells Drive: Mary Mitchell, “Ida B. Wells Finally Gets a Top Honor with Street Name,” Chicago Sun Times, February 11, 2019, https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/2/11/18328682/ida-b-wells-finally-gets-a-top-honor-with-street-name.
Ida. B. Wells Way: Megann Horstead, “Plaque and Honorary Street Sign Unveiled in Memory of Ida B. Wells,” Chicago Defender, July 25, 2019, https://chicagodefender.com/plaque-and-honorary-street-sign-unveiled-in-memory-of-ida-b-wells.
Beale Street in Memphis: “Ida B. Wells,” Historical Marker Database, https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=9306.
like GirlTrek: “Our Mission” https://www.girltrek.org/our_mission.
Heritage stamp: “Ida B. Wells,” National Postal Museum, https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/the-black-experience-prominent-journalists/ida-b-wells.
Mississippi Writers Trail: Reggi Marion, “Literary Lawn Party: Mississippi Book Festival Held in Jackson,” WLBT, August 17, 2019, https://www.wlbt.com/2019/08/17/literary-lawn-party-mississippi-book-festival-held-jackson.
Russell Senate Building: invitation to Ida B. Wells’s descendants from United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship Chair Mary L. Landrieu; April 2010.
street in Brooklyn: Karen Juanita Carrillo, “Ida B. Wells Place is designated in Downtown Brooklyn,” New York Amsterdam News, March 19, 2020, http://amsterdamnews.com/news/2020/mar/19/ida-b-wells-place-designated-downtown-brooklyn/.
Ida B’s Table: Sarah Meehan, “Ida B’s Table Opening Downtown This Summer,” Baltimore Sun, May 25, 2017, https://www.baltimoresun.com/food-drink/bs-fo-ida-bs-table-20170525-story.html; www.idabstable.com/about-us.
Ida B. Wells Society: “Our Creation Story,” The Ida B. Wells Society, https://idabwellssociety.org/about/our-creation-story.
Ida B. Wells-Barnett Museum: “About,” http://idabwellsmuseum.org/about/.
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
A
Abrams, Stacey, 121, 124
Addams, Jane, 18
Africa, 109
Afro-American Press and Its Editors (Penn), 100
Afro-American Press Convention, 49
Ali, Muhammad, 98, 98
Alpha Suffrage Club (ASC), 35, 37, 38, 100, 107
Alpha Suffrage Record, 37–38
American Baptist, 45
American Experience, 13
Anthony, Susan B., 34, 125
Arkansas Race Riot, The (Wells), 104, 113
Associated Press, 143
B
Baartman, Sarah, 80–82, 83
Baker, Ella, 31
Baltimore, Charles W., 21
Barnett, Ferdinand L., 17–19, 22, 23, 26, 39, 93, 125, 127–30, 129
Barnett, Ferdinand L., Jr., 22
Barnett, Ida, Jr., 11
Barrett, William, 52–53
Biden, Joe, 124, 130
Black Lives Matter, 89, 122, 124
Black Panthers, 42, 104
Black Power, 98
Black Youth Project 100, 124
Boling, Spires, 57–58, 60, 143
Boston Guardian, 87, 104
Bradley, Bill, 91
Braun, Carol Moseley, 130, 133
Brinkley, W. A., 55
Brooks, Virginia, 35
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 30
Brown, Michael, 89, 94
Bunch, Lonnie G., III, 114
bus boycott in Harlem, 32
C
Camp Logan, Houston, 20–21, 22
Carlos, John, 98, 98
Carmichael, Stokely, 42
Central Park Five, 114, 115
Charles, Robert, 110
Charleston church shooting, 94
Cherry, Matthew, 46
Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad, 39–41, 40
Chicago, Ill., 102, 119, 127 Ida B. Wells Drive in, 140, 141
Ida B. Wells historical marker in, 143
Ida B. Wells Homes in, 14, 138, 139
Ida B. Wells Way in, 136, 141
Ida’s house in, 139, 140
Chicago Tribune, 35
Chisholm, Shirley, 130, 130
citizens’ organizations, 23
civil rights movement, 42, 90, 93, 125 March on Washington, 30, 42
Civil War, 34, 37, 57, 58, 90
Clinton, Bill, 28, 91–92, 92
Clinton, Hillary, 130, 133
Confederate flags, 94, 94
Confederate monuments, 90
Congress, U.S., 107, 130 House of Representatives, 107, 119, 130, 130
Senate, 130
Constitution, U.S., 24
Fifteenth Amendment to, 60, 125
Nineteenth Amendment to, 125, 130
Countee, R. N., 44, 55
criminal justice system, 17, 42, 89, 127
Crisis, 103
CROWN Act, 46
Crusade for Citizenship, 31
Cullom, Shelby Moore, 84
Cullors, Patrisse, 89
D
Daley, Richard M., 15
Davis, Angela, 42
Davis, Frank, 126, 127
Davis, Jordan, 121
DeKnight, Freda, 113
Democratic Party, 37, 60, 106
Deneen, Charles S., 126, 127
De Priest, Oscar, 107, 107
Douglass, Frederick, 4, 4, 39, 49–51, 51, 114, 125
; Du Bois, W. E. B., 4, 28, 28, 102, 103
Duke, David, 92
Dunn, Michael, 121
Duster, Alfreda Barnett, 11, 11, 38, 136, 138
Duster, Donald L., 8–12, 9, 15
Duster, Maxine, 8, 9, 10
Duster, Michelle, 8–15, 9, 11, 13, 14 Ida as great-grandmother of, 10–15
DuVernay, Ava, 114
E
East St. Louis Massacre, The (Wells), 112
Ebony, 113, 114
Ebony Cookbook, The (DeKnight), 113
Equal Justice Initiative, 114–17, 127
Espionage Act, 23
Evening Star, 44
Evers, Medgar, 103, 104
F
Fair Fight Action, 124
FBI, 1–2, 7, 26–28, 31, 33, 34
Fellowship Herald, 38
Fifteenth Amendment, 60, 125
First Defense Legal Aid, 127
Fleming, J. L., 51
Floyd, George, 124
Foner, Eric, 49
Fortson, Bettiola H., 35–37
Fortune, T. Thomas, 45, 100, 100
Freedmen’s Bureau, 58
Freedom Democratic Party, 42
Freedom’s Journal, 114
Freedom Summer, 42
Free Speech, 51, 52, 54–55, 82, 109
Free Speech and Headlight, 51
Fulton, Sybrina, 121
G
Garvey, Marcus, 4, 108–9, 108
Garza, Alicia, 89
Gateway to Freedom (Foner), 49
Georgia, 121
Germany, 23, 24
Ghana, 109
Giddings, Paula, 14–15
GirlTrek, 142
Great Migration, 55, 112
Great Recession of 2008, 14
Greaves, William, 13, 14
Green, Steve, 129
Greer, James M., 41
gun violence, 118–21, 119
H
Hair Love, 46
hairstyles, 46
Haley, Nikki, 94
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 42
Hannah-Jones, Nikole, 114, 142
Harlem, 32
Harris, Kamala, 130, 135
Herald Examiner, 19, 19, 20
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), 125
Holly Springs, Miss., 15, 57–60, 58, 62–64 Ida B. Wells-Barnett Museum in, 15, 143, 144
Holman, Lucien, 121
Holtzclaw, Daniel, 82
I
Ida: A Sword Among Lions (Giddings), 14–15
Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice, 13, 14
Ida B. Wells-Barnett Museum, 15, 143, 144
Ida B. Wells Club, 100, 102
Ida B. Wells Drive, 140, 141
Ida B. Wells historical marker, 143
Ida B. Wells Homes, 14, 138, 139
Ida B. Wells Memorial Foundation, 136
Ida B. Wells Society for Investigative Reporting, 142–43
Ida B. Wells Way, 136, 141
Illinois Equal Suffrage Association (IESA), 34, 35, 100
J
Jackson, Jesse, Sr., 91–92, 106, 106
James, Will, 126
Jay-Z, 97
Jet, 113, 114
Jim Crow laws, see segregation and Jim Crow laws
Johnson, Corey, 143
Johnson, John H., 113, 114
Johnson Publishing Company, 113, 114
Jordan, Barbara, 130, 133
journalism, 3, 7, 43–52, 110, 143
Justice Department, 28
K
Kaepernick, Colin, 97–98
Kemp, Brian, 124
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 30, 42, 90, 106
King, Rodney, 91, 92
Ku Klux Klan, 59–62, 90, 92, 94
L
labor unions, 30, 104, 113
Legacy Museum, 114
Lewis, John, 42, 90
Lincoln, Abraham, 37, 90
Little Rock Sun, 45
Living Way, 44
Los Angeles riots, 91
Lowden, Frank, 112
lynching, 2–4, 28, 38, 52–56, 87, 100–102, 104, 109–10, 112, 114–18, 129, 133, 143 Lynching Sites Projects, 117
Lynch Law in Georgia (Wells), 110, 110
Southern Horrors (Wells), 4, 110
Lyons, Charlotte, 113
M
Malcolm X, 33
March on Washington, 30, 42
Marion Headlight, 51
Marshall, Thurgood, 103, 104
Martin, Trayvon, 121
Mattes, J. W., 21
McBath, Lucy, 119, 121
McCray, Antron, 115
McDowell, Calvin, 52–56, 117, 117
McKinley, William, 84, 87
McMurry, Linda O., 78
Meili, Tricia, 115
Memphis, Tenn., 59 Beale Street in, 64, 141–42
boycotts in, 56
exodus from, 55, 112
school system in, 52, 82–84, 100
Memphis Appeal-Avalanche, 41
Mob Rule in New Orleans (Wells), 110
Moss, Betty, 55
Moss, Thomas, 52–56, 117, 117
Moss, Thomas, Jr., 55
Mother Emanuel AME Church, 94
Mount Zion Cemetery, 117
Movement for Black Lives, 124
N
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 51
Nash, Diane, 42
National Afro-American Council, 100–102
national anthem, 97, 98
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 4, 31, 80, 94, 100, 102–4, 121, 127
National Association of Colored Women (renamed the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs; NACWC), 7, 94, 100, 102, 103
National Equal Rights League (NERL), 4, 87, 100, 104
National Football League (NFL), 97–98
National Guard, 112
National Memorial for Peace and Justice, 117
National Museum of African American History and Culture, 114
National Rainbow Coalition, 91, 106, 106
Nation of Islam, 33
Negro Digest, 113
Negro Fellowship League, 17–20, 22, 37, 38, 100, 127–29
New Ebony Cookbook, The (Lyons), 113
Newsome, Bree, 94, 94
New York Age, 100, 100
New York Freeman, 45
New York Times Magazine, 114, 142
Niagara Movement, 28
Nightingale, Taylor, 51
Nineteenth Amendment, 125, 130
Nixon, Ron, 143
North Star, 51, 51, 114
No Vote, No Tax League, 35
O
Obama, Barack, 89–90, 94, 130
Olympics, 98
Operation PUSH, 106, 106
Ovington, Mary White, 18
P
Pan-Africanism, 28, 108
Paris Peace Conference, 2, 109
Parks, Rosa, 42, 80, 103
PBS, 13
Pelosi, Nancy, 130, 130
Penn, Irvine Garland, 18, 39
People’s Grocery, 52–54, 117
police violence, 80, 82, 89–91, 97, 124, 126
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 32
ProPublica, 142
Pulitzer Prize, 7
Q
“Queen of Our Race” (Fortson), 35–37
R
Rainbow Coalition, 91
Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, 106, 106
Randolph, A. Philip, 30
Rangel, Charles, 91
Rankin, Jeannette, 130
rape, 80, 82
Rape of Recy Taylor, The, 80
Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World’s Columbian Exposition, The (Wells), 39
Reconstruction, 64, 90, 93, 125
Republican Party, 37, 60
Reyes, Matias, 115
Richardson, Kevin, 115
Rihanna, 97
Robinson, Randall, 109
Roof, Dylann, 94
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 30
Rose Bowl, 125
Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre, 7, 7
Rust College, 59, 136, 138
Rustin, Bayard, 42
S
Salaam, Yusef, 115
Sanders, Topher, 142
Santana, Raymond, 115
schoolhouse, rural, 64
Secret Service, 20, 24–26
segregation and Jim Crow laws, 2, 7, 20, 28, 31, 38, 41, 42, 64, 66, 93, 133 soldiers and, 20
train passengers and, 38–43, 40, 66
Wilson administration and, 23–24, 87
Sentencing Project, 127
sexual violence, 80, 82
sharecroppers, 104, 112–14, 125
Sharpton, Al, 90
Shaw University, 31
Simmons, William J., 45
Sister Souljah, 91–93, 92
sit-ins, 31, 42
“1619 Project,” 114
slaves, slavery, 34, 37, 59, 60, 80, 90, 93, 114, 125, 135 Fugitive Slave Act and, 49
Underground Railroad and, 49, 51
Smith, Tommie, 98, 98
Smithsonian Institute, 114
soldiers, Black, 22, 24, 30 murder of, 19–27, 24
segregation and, 20
Tuskegee Airmen, 28
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 104
Southern Horrors (Wells), 4, 110
Southern Poverty Law Center, 127
Sparks, Lee, 21
Squire, Belle, 35
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 125
Stewart, William, 52–56, 117, 117
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 31, 42, 104
suffrage movement, 7, 34–38, 37, 93, 102, 107, 124, 125
T
Tampa Bay Times, 143
Taylor, Recy, 80
Tennessee Rifles, 53–54