Anatolia 24, 109
ancient Egypt 30, 31
ancient Greece 69
Andamans 14, 115, 119, 210
Andra 210
Antioch 58, 109
Antiochus of Syria 97
Antonines 116, 159
Apicius 120
Apollo 47
Arabian Sea 13, 32, 116, 135
Arabs 8–9, 17, 119, 123, 124–5, 201
Aral Sea 53
Arbela 82
Arjuna 61–2, 63
art 164–5, 191, 215–17, 244, 22
Arthashastra 84–5, 93, 194
Aryabhata 190–1
Aryans 3–4, 17, 45, 49–51, 53–6, 58, 75, 82, 139, 162
Asandhimitta 98, 110
Ashoka 37, 74, 79, 86, 97–113, 129, 135, 147, 151, 160, 162, 183, 185, 187, 192, 197, 198, 268, 278, 289
Asiatic Society of Bengal 44
Asiatic Society of Calcutta 47
Askabad 51
Asokavadana 111
Asvagosh 163
Asvins 18
Athena 142
Attock 230
Augustus 122, 129, 184, 191
Aurangzeb 161, 248–9, 256, 259–64
Australasia 14
Axis age 68–9, 81
Ayodhia 72, 171, 174–84, 235, 290–1, 293
Ayurveda 163
Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam 286
Baba Lal 257–8
Babur 64, 148, 202, 206, 226–37, 263, 266, 290
Babylon 29, 86, 144
Bactria 52, 112, 138–40, 145–6, 165
Badakshan 50
Bagram 140–1
Bahadur Shah 275
Bahuballi 96
Bala Hissar 149, 225
Balkh 228–9, 263
Baluchis 260–1, 288
Baluchistan 22, 23–5, 31, 85
Bamiyan Buddhas 229
Banerji, Rakhhaldas 33
Bangladesh 8, 72, 221, 288
Banu, Nadira 260
Bay of Bengal 106, 112, 126, 134, 135, 185
Beas river 39, 83, 86, 233
Begum, Haminda Banu 238
Begum, Raushandra 261
Benares 65–8, 72, 86, 184, 198, 205, 256
Bengal 113, 135, 147, 172, 174, 188, 210, 221, 240, 256, 265–6, 272–3, 275, 282, 287
Beypore 116, 119
Beypore river 118
Bhagalpur 147, 162
Bhagavadgita 2, 196, 205, 256, 277
Bhang (cannabis) 62, 65–6
Bhanna 197
Bharat 63, 292
Bharat Natyam 217
Bhera 232
Bhimbetka 22
Bhimbisara 95–6, 97, 98
Bhitra 184–5
Bhose, `Netaji’ 79
Bhubaneswar 103
Bhutan 242
Bihar 74, 75, 86–7, 147
Bihar-Jharkand 58
Bihar-Patna 187
Biswas, Professor 46, 47–8
BJP 290, 291
Blake, William 257
Boccaccio 163
Bodhgaya 72, 75–6, 105, 110, 150, 152, 199
bodhi tree 76, 105, 110, 150, 152
Bolan pass 23
Bolan river 22, 23, 24
Bolan valley 33
Bollywood 80, 291
Bombay 265, 273, 288
Brahma 157
Brahmani river 103
Brahmins 17–19, 29, 44, 48, 70, 73, 75, 78, 91–3, 102, 108, 113, 130, 163–4, 178–81, 183, 192, 242, 255, 258, 268
Bramante 252
Brindavan 138
Britain 184
British 41–2, 47, 50, 60, 64, 83, 85, 87–90, 94, 103, 131, 137, 149–50, 152–3, 158, 163, 165, 184–6, 198, 200–1, 211, 218, 220, 225, 238–9, 242, 247–8, 255, 264–89, 293, 295
Bronze Age 18, 29, 34, 37–8, 40, 42, 48, 52, 54–6, 60, 69, 71, 127, 226
Buchanan, Francis 272
Buddha 37, 66, 68, 71, 72–82, 74, 97–8, 113–14, 144, 151–2, 154–7, 161, 177, 191, 199, 243
begging bowl of 149
enlightenment 75–6, 150
Buddhism/Buddhists 32, 73–4, 76–81, 97–9, 102–6, 109–10, 112–14, 132, 135–6, 138, 142, 144, 146–7, 150–1, 154–6, 160–4, 168, 172, 174, 182–3, 186, 188, 190, 192, 197–200, 203, 213, 221, 226, 229, 242, 252, 263
Bukhara 50, 148
Bukhara Merv 227
Burma 109, 134, 156, 210, 275
Calcutta 43, 44, 136, 198, 264, 265, 271, 273, 281
Calicut 13, 116
Cambodia 212
Canning, Lord 268, 275
Cape Comorin 14
Caraka (Charaka) 163
caravans (kafilas) 50
Carnatic wars 218–19
Carter, Howard 29
Caspian Sea 53
caste system 9, 15, 56, 70, 91–4, 108, 113, 250, 276, 280
Catholics 294
cattle 25
cave paintings 21
Cavery delta 7, 210, 211
Cavery river 128, 134, 211
Ceylon 97, 134
Chaghtai dialect 227
Chalukya 203
Champa (now Bhagalpur) 162
Chandalas 172
Chanderi 235–6
Chandragupta I 183, 186–7
Chandragupta II 187–8, 197
Chandragupta Maurya 74, 84–6, 88–91, 93, 94–7, 151
Charax 123
Chenab river 83
Chenchu people 15
Chendamangalam 123
Chera 203
Chichawatna 28
Chidambaram 217
Chilka Lake 101
China 8–10, 16, 20, 36, 69, 71, 89, 109, 114, 116, 134–8, 140–2, 144, 151, 159–60, 163, 166, 168, 198–9, 210
Chitral 51
Chola Mandalam 210
Chola Nadu 217
Cholans 172, 203, 210–21
Cholas 97, 129, 163
Cholistan 39
Chou En-lai 198
Christianity/Christians 9, 21, 81, 123–4, 195, 206, 208, 241, 271, 274, 276–7, 293
Chunar fort 240
Churchill, Winston 278, 284
Civakacintamani 220
climate change 54
Cochin 13, 122, 123, 125
Collectors Ghat 87
Comfort, Alex 194
Confucius 68–9
Congress Party 200, 282, 283–7, 289–91
see also Indian National Congress
Copernicus 190–1
cotton 24
Cranganore 13, 115, 122, 123, 201
Cunningham, General Alexander 29
Cyrene 109
Dadar 261
Dadu 209, 242
dance 217–18
Daniell, Thomas 254
Daniell, William 254
Danielou, Alain 195
Dara Shikoh 205, 209, 256–62, 266
Darfur 102
Darius the Great 66, 82, 148
Dasas 55
Deccan 20, 96, 108, 129, 249, 263
Delhi 59, 88, 175, 185–6, 197, 222, 230–3, 238–9, 249–50, 252, 254, 261, 267, 273, 275, 281–2, 292, 294–5
Delhi Iron Pillar 188
democracy 10, 59–60, 291–4
Deoband 285
Devar, Karuvur 215, 217
Devi 97, 98
Dhaka 285
Dhamaraksita 109
Dholavira 42
Dholpur 228
Di-Zau 51
Diamond Harbour 136
Dinna 79, 191
Dionysius 109
Dionysus 92
diversity 16–17, 107, 200, 221, 278–9
DNA 14, 15, 46
Dorpfield, Wilhelm 60
Dravidan 15, 25, 101
Drita-rashtra 57
Dubai 115, 118, 119
Durga 101
Durrani, Zahoor 147–51, 153–5
Dutch East India Company 16
Dutt, Michael Madshudan 278
Dyauspitar 51
East Bengal 288
East India Comp
any 16, 43, 87, 136, 150, 264–6, 268, 271, 272–5
economic growth 9–10, 20
Egypt 8, 34, 36, 37, 109
Eight Paradises Pavilion 252
eightfold path 76
Elburz Mountains 51–2
Elgar, Edward 270
Elizabeth I 247–8, 264, 266
Ellora 221
Empedocles 244
England 272
English language 10
Enlightenment 203, 244, 247, 281
environmentalism 106–7
ephedra 52–3
Epirus 109
Eritrea 121
Erranobaos river 88–9
Etawah 282
Euphrates 33
Evans, Arthur 60
Everest, Sir George 276
Fa Xien 151, 188–90
famine 281–3, 289
Fatehpur 249
Fazl, Abul 113, 241, 242, 246, 279
Fergana 226, 235
Firdowsi 205
First World War 280, 284
Fitch, Ralph 181, 189, 247
floods 33, 42, 61
Foucher, Alfred 152, 153, 154
French 218–19, 273
French East India Company 273
Gadaba people 15
Galileo 191
Gandhara 109, 113, 139, 144, 160, 161, 164, 196
Gandhari tribe 50, 82
Gandhi, Feroz 267
Gandhi, Indira 267, 288
Gandhi, Mahatma Mohandas 37, 71, 103, 282, 283, 284, 289, 290, 291
Gandhi, Rajiv 294
Gandhi, Sonia 294
Ganesh 292
Ganges plain 58–9, 69, 70, 73, 77, 78, 81, 86, 109, 113, 147, 171, 179, 184, 187, 210
Ganges river 40, 43, 60, 64–6, 83, 86–9, 93–4, 134–5, 147, 162, 179, 196, 198, 210–12, 246, 265, 267, 271
Ganges town 135, 136
Ganges valley 42, 165
Ganges-Jumna doab 56, 63, 66
Ganwerianwala 36
Gardezi family 205–6
GDP 9, 10, 249, 289
Genghis Khan 99–100, 225, 226–7, 230
Ghaggar-Hakra bed 36, 41, 42
Ghazipur 184
Ghaznavids 158
Ghazni 202, 204, 207
Ghor Khuttree 158–9
Ghur 209
Gibbon, Edward 116, 142
god kings 183
gods 9, 21, 25, 47–9, 49, 51, 144, 146
Gogra river 181, 184
Gokarneshwar 168
Gokhale, Gopal
Krishna 283–4
Gokuldas 116–18
gold 119–20
Gomal 50
Gond culture 276
Gonur Tepe 51, 53
Gorakhpur 79
Grand Trunk Road 107, 161, 229–30, 260, 275
Great Wall of China 137, 138
Greek language 44, 138, 139, 140, 145
Greeks 14, 16, 36–7, 47, 51, 55, 57–8, 60, 64, 66, 69–70, 82–6, 88–95, 97, 107–9, 112, 114, 118–22, 124, 129, 131, 139, 141–2, 144, 162, 164, 180–2, 196, 198, 265
Gujarat 38, 71, 72, 115, 116, 118, 221, 240, 263, 291, 293
Gulf 14, 115, 116, 118, 123, 136
Gupta age 37, 58, 79, 87, 106, 158, 163, 169, 182–99, 221, 278
Gupta, Sanjiv 38–41
Guru Nanak 235, 236, 242
Hadrian 116, 125, 142, 147, 168
Han dynasty 137, 138, 141, 142, 155, 159, 166
Hanuman 88, 174, 175, 176, 180
Harappa 26–31, 32, 36, 39–40, 42–3, 45
Harappan age 25, 115
Harivamsa 162, 179
Harsha 151, 196–9
Hastinapur 58, 60–1, 62
Hastings, Warren 272
Helen of Troy 180
Helios 144
Helmand 148, 225
Hemu 239
Hephaistos 144
Heracles (Hercules) 92, 129, 142
Heraclitus 70
Herat 54
Herbert, Sir Edward 149
Himalayas 93, 109, 113, 134, 136, 242, 254
Hindu fundamentalism 176, 200
Hindu Kush 50, 51, 54, 85, 138–41, 143, 144, 145, 169, 239
Hindu Mahasabha 290
Hindu mysticism 256–8
Hindu nationalism 45, 174, 176, 200–1, 235, 281, 286, 289–91
Hindus/Hinduism 15, 27, 30, 44, 56, 66–8, 87, 103, 108, 113, 116–18, 149, 154, 157, 168, 172, 174–6, 183, 200–4, 206, 209–10, 216, 221–2, 226, 229, 235, 237–43, 246–7, 252, 255–9, 262–4, 267–8, 271, 275–8, 283–7, 289–91, 293–5
Hippalos the Greek 16, 120–1
historiography 59–60, 200
Homer 55, 56, 57, 180
Hooghly river 135, 264, 265
Horn of Africa 14
horse sacrifices 52, 53, 187
Hsuan Tsang 92, 135, 151–2, 153, 196–200
Hu barbarians 167
Humayun 232, 236–8, 252, 261
Hume, Allan Octavian 282–3
Huns 58, 113, 169, 182, 184, 196, 225
hunter-gatherers 20–1, 25
Hussein 177
Huvishka 144
Hyderabad 279
ibn Arabi 245, 252, 253, 256
ibn Battuta 222
Ibrahim Lodi 197, 231–4
Illuminationists 245
Independence 8, 59, 63, 72, 200, 258, 263, 271, 287, 288–9, 295
Indian Amazons 84
Indian Archaeological Survey 28
Indian freedom movement 281
Indian Mutiny 1857 63, 268, 275, 281, 282, 285
Indian National Congress 281
see also Congress Party Indian Ocean 14, 116, 120, 123
Indo-Aryans 51, 53
Indo-European languages 43, 45, 49, 50, 57, 138
Indo-Iranians 53
Indochina 135
Indonesia 14, 19
Indra 49, 51, 53, 55, 157
Indus region/civilization 24, 28, 31–3, 37–8, 41–3, 45, 49, 51–2, 71, 82, 84, 109, 128, 139, 155–6, 200–1, 208, 210
Indus river 22, 31–2, 34, 40, 42, 185, 229, 260
Iran 8, 22, 24, 25, 53, 54, 237, 245, 260, 261
Iranian gods 142, 144, 146, 157, 160
Iranians 244, 246
Iraq 8, 24, 25, 26, 29, 36, 84, 102, 106, 112
Irish 53
Iron Age 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 69, 128–9
Islam 21, 26, 81, 87, 103, 200–10, 222, 236–7, 241, 244, 246, 255, 258–9, 262–3, 277, 289–90
Shia 145, 175, 177, 242, 245, 285
Sunnis 208, 241, 245
see also Muslims; Sufis
Islamic fundamentalism 206, 226, 249
Jacob, John 22
Jacobabad 22
Jaffar, Sayyed 145
Jahan 228–9, 248, 250–6, 259–60, 262, 265–6
Jahangir 229, 246, 248, 250, 255, 268
Jains 37, 37–8, 59, 60–1, 71, 75, 81, 94–6, 99, 105–6, 132, 161–2, 172, 192, 203, 220, 221, 241
Jajpur 101, 103
Jama Masjid 294–5
Janssen, Michael 33
Japan 71, 142, 160, 168, 216
Java 119, 135, 210, 212
Jesuits 45, 245
Jesus 177
Jews 9, 16, 123, 124–5
Jhehum river 82
Jians 293
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali 285, 286, 287–8
Jiwan, Malik 261
Jodhpur, maharaja of 237
Jones, Sir William 44–5, 47, 272
Jumna river 40, 43, 57, 61, 62, 86, 138, 140, 165, 179, 198, 228–9, 231–2, 239, 246, 251, 253–5, 267, 282
Jumna valley 209
Kabir 209, 243
Kabul 50, 148, 157, 169, 225, 228, 228–9, 232, 234, 238–9, 240
Kabul river 50, 51
Kabul valley 139, 226
Kabuli Bagh Masjid 231–2
Kachi Plain 23
Kadar 14–15
Kaffiristan 147
Kaffirs 51
Kaffir’s Castle
145–6, 162
Kalanaur 239, 240
Kali 77
Kali Yuga 178, 212
Kalibangan 40
Kalidasa 191–2, 193
Kalinga 100, 101–5
Kalingapatnam 101
Kallar people 15
Kama Sutra 192–6
Kamaldah 94–5
Kamban 181
Kanchi 210
Kandahar 106, 112, 148, 257, 260
Kanishka the Great 85, 142–7, 149–57, 160–4, 166–8, 198
great stupa of 151–7
Kannauj 196–7, 205
Kans (Kansa) 167
Kapisa 141
Kapisa-Bagram 147, 162
Karachi 119
Karakorum 188
Karle 221
karma 70
Karur 125
Kashmir 72, 108, 109, 139, 160, 228, 256, 279
Kasyapa Matanga 160
Kathiawar 206–7
Kauravas 56–7, 59
Kausambi 61, 68, 74, 86, 146, 162
Kautilya 84–5
Kaveripatnam 134
Kenoyer, Mark 31, 37
Kerala 13, 16, 17, 115, 116, 122, 123, 125, 126, 201
Khajuraho 172, 195, 221, 222
Khodzent 226
Khotan 136, 138, 147
Khuldabad 264
Khurram 50
Khusro, Amir 11, 205, 278–9, 284
Khyber Pass 22, 50, 82, 86, 159, 273
Khyber region 27
Khyber river 54, 140, 147, 148, 155, 188
Kipling, Rudyard 270
Knossos 58
Koran 203, 205, 208, 235, 244, 252–3, 254, 255, 256, 259, 264
Korava people 14–15
Korea 71, 160
Kosala 179
Kovalam 16
Krishna 61–2, 63, 92, 138, 161, 167, 177
Krishna river 106, 129, 278
Krishnamurti, Jiddu 209
Kublai Khan 89
Kujula Kadphises 139, 140, 146
Kumaragupta 191
Kumarasambhava 193
Kumbakonum 132
Kumbh Mela 7, 92, 198, 268
Kunala 111
Kundavi 212, 214, 218
Kurdistan 49
Kuru 57
Kurukshetra 57, 61–2, 209
Kurus 58, 60, 62, 232
Kushans 32, 64, 137–47, 149–50, 156–69, 183, 185, 187, 193, 226, 265, 271, 276, 278
Kushinagar 79
Ladakh 113, 243
Lahore 27, 29, 83, 201, 204, 249–50, 257, 261, 267
Lakshman 174, 179
Lakshmi 79, 124
Lal, B.B. 59–63
Lalitavistara 162
language 8–10, 15, 19–20, 43–6, 49–50, 53–4, 57, 138–40, 145, 198, 222
see also specific languages Lanka 179–80
Lao Tzu 69
Latin 44
Levant 69
Levi, Peter 225
Lewis, James (Charles Masson) 27–9, 31
Licchavi 187
lingam 21, 66, 207
literature 131–4, 191–6
see also poetry
Lodi 227, 230
Lokaksema 160
Lop Nor 138, 143
Lothal 43
Loyang 160
Lucknow 257, 270
Lucretius 264