Index
A
Abd el Kader 59, 61
Abu Hamed 87, 97, 98
Abu Haras 59
Abu Klea, Battle of 18, 25, 93, 94
Aden 58, 66
Afghanistan 135, 140, 142–3
Al Debbah 86
Alexandria 9, 84
British bombardment of 10
warships off 10
American Civil War 22
Anglo-Boer War 3, 4, 110, 142, 144
Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 9–10, 17, 20
Arab 146, 149
Arabi Pasha 9
Archer class torpedo cruisers 30, 30
Ariab 136
Asuyt 84
Aswan 84, 90
Australasian troopship 51, 52, 56, 108
Australian Army Medical Corps 110
Australian colonies see also New South Wales
military units in conflicts 34, 146
naval forces 35
reaction to fall of Khartoum 44, 96, 146
strategic defence measures 3, 34
withdrawal of British troops from 34
B
Baggara 14
Baker Pasha, Sir Samuel 65
Baker Pasha, Valentine 16, 65, 66, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78
Bara 59
Barnett, Deputy Surgeon General Oliver 108
Bartlett, Captain Charles 39
Bashir, Governor Marie 150
Bayuda Desert 86
Beja tribe 14, 16, 17
Berber 20, 43, 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 91, 94, 97–8, 101, 133, 136, 143
Berti 98
Blanchard, Captain Thomas 46
Bloomfield, Lieutenant Colonel H.K. 34
Boxer Rebellion 1900 4
British army see also Royal Engineers;
Army Medical Service 22, 107–8
Army Postal Corps 22
Army Service Corps 22
British ‘square’, theory and practice 25–6, 26
Camel Corps 17, 27, 29, 84, 85, 86, 151
cavalry 27, 29
civilian support 29
conflicts 19
deployment overseas, complexities 20
1880s, during 3, 19
European armies and, comparison 19
field equipment 29
Indian army 19
infantry 22–4, 24, 25
military priorities 19–20
mounted infantry 29
non-arms component 22
Ordnance Supply Store 22
organisation 22
pay rates 41
structure 20
uniforms 37
Veterinary Department 108
weaknesses 19, 20, 23
Bulimba hospital ship 107
Buller, Major General Sir Redvers 75, 77, 92, 97, 98
Butler, Sergeant Arthur 39, 58, 126, 127
C
Cairo 8, 9, 59, 66, 83, 84, 89, 135
British occupation 10, 22
Camel Corps 17, 27, 29, 84, 85, 86, 151
Composite 132, 134
composition 85
post-deployment 151
Canadian voyageurs 82, 82
Christie, Lieutenant Colonel William 46
Coburn, Private Launcelot 149
Colombo 58, 149
Colonial Naval Defence Act 1865 35
communications 87
cable wagon 87
field telegraphy 88, 88
military telegraphs Nile expedition 89, 89, 90
signalling device 124, 124
Composite Camel Corps 132, 134 see also Camel Corps
Constantinople (Istanbul) 8, 11
Copeland, Henry B. 46
Crimean War 3, 21, 28, 40
New South Wales volunteer military force 34
Czarewitch hospital ship 107
D
Dalley, William 4, 42, 43, 44, 48, 52, 128, 146
Daru 87
Davis, Major General John 75
Denison, Lieutenant Colonel Frederick 82
Dervishes 14, 16
Dick, Private Hamilton St Clair 56
Digna, Osman 15, 16, 17, 23, 28, 66, 69, 74, 74, 77–8, 80, 87, 91, 97, 98, 100, 101–2, 104, 116, 121, 122, 126, 127–8, 130–1, 135, 136, 137, 142, 143
Domville, Commander William 115
Dongola 83, 84, 86
Downey, Private Charles 127
Doyle, Usher Glanville 46, 110
E
Earle, Major General William 92, 97–8
The Echo 42
Egypt
Anglo-French control 9
British involvement 1, 3–4, 9–13, 17, 147, 148
political and economic background 8–17
Egyptian army 9, 17–18, 148
British assistance 17
Camel Corps 17
distribution 18
Sirdar 17
strength 17–18
structure 17
Sudan insurrection 59–61, 65
Egyptian campaign see also Sudan campaign
British deployment 10
military planning, influencing factors 4
Egypt Medal 153
El Obeid 59, 61
El Teb, Battles of 25, 28, 32, 37, 65, 72, 74, 76, 77, 104
route to 73
Es Sibil 132, 143
Europe
political background to Sudan campaign 8–9
Ewart, Colonel Henry 114
Ewart, Major General Charles 115
F
Fashoda, defeat by tribes 59
field telegraphy 88, 88
5th Lancers 27
1st Australian Imperial Force 110
France, role in Egypt 9–10
G
Ganges hospital ship 106, 107, 109, 144
Gardner gun 23, 33, 37, 94, 95, 113, 116, 117
Gladstone, Prime Minister William 12, 13, 66, 69, 100, 135, 146
Gondoroko 87
Gordon, General Sir Charles 4, 12, 12, 13, 21, 42, 66, 86
British response to siege of 12, 21, 69, 80–1, 83–4
death of 13, 14, 44, 56, 87, 100
Governor of Khartoum 12, 66, 74
Graham, General Sir Gerald 22, 23, 27, 28, 28, 33, 36, 56, 74, 78, 80, 90, 91, 101–2, 112, 114, 116, 119, 122, 125, 127–8, 130–2, 135, 137, 143, 146
force 75, 77–81
orders to 101, 104
Suakin, at 113
Greaves, Major General Sir George Richard 104, 114
Grenfell, Sir Francis 17, 147
Gubat 96, 97
Gunning, Private Tom 24, 102
H
Hadendowa tribe 14, 15–16, 65, 101, 113, 121, 136
‘Fuzzy Wuzzies’ nickname 16, 101
Hamdab 90, 97
Handoub 80, 81, 90, 128, 129, 129, 130, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144
New South Wales infantry at 141
Harrison, Private Walter 127
Hartington, Lord 43
Hashin 33, 113, 121, 122, 127, 132, 142
Battle of 113
Zareba Hill 113
heliograph 124, 124
Hewett, Vice Admiral Sir William Nathan Wrighte 32, 32, 78
Hicks William Pasha 16, 61, 63, 147
HMS Carysfor 33
HMS Condor 9, 33
HMS Coquette 33
HMS Dolphin 33
HMS Lightning 30
HMS Ranger 32
HMS Sphinx 33
Hudson, Brigadier General John 114, 117, 119, 125, 148
I
Iberia troopship 51, 52, 56, 57, 108
Imperial Camel Corps 132, 134
Indian army 19
Indian Mutiny 3, 13, 21
J
Jakdul Wel
ls 86
Jebl Gedir 59
jihad, Mahdi call for 11, 12, 14
Jihadiya 17
K
Kasghil 61
Kawa 59, 61
Khartoum 12–13, 18, 21, 37, 44, 56, 59, 61, 68, 69, 86, 87, 89, 97, 98, 136, 148
Mahdist capture of 96
plan to relieve 81, 83–4, 91, 94
siege of 66, 69, 80–1, 86, 87
Khedive Ismail Pasha 8, 8, 9, 11
Khedive Tewfik Mohammed Pasha 9, 11, 11, 16
Khedive Star 153
Kirbekan, Battle of 25, 92, 98
Kitchener, General Sir Herbert 18, 22, 37, 91, 148
Kordofan 61, 66
Korti 86, 87, 96, 97, 98
L
Learoyd, Private William 127, 145
Lewis, Gunner Edward 144
Lloyd, Lieutenant Francis 128
Lucas & Aird 136–7
Lyon-Fremantle, Major General Sir Arthur 114, 125, 129, 138, 141
M
Mackenzie, Captain Henry D. 46
McNeill, Major General Sir John 114, 116, 147
Zareba 116–17, 118, 119–22, 125–8, 129
Mahdi (Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah) 11–13, 14, 16
control of Sudan 1885 87
death 135, 148
Egyptian campaigns against 16
forces see Mahdists
jihad, call for 11, 12, 14
proclamation of Muhammad Ahmad as 59
support for 14–17
Mahdists 1, 14, 15, 59
ansar 16
defeat of 148
equipment 15, 24
guerrilla tactics 16
Jihadiya 17
Khalifas 16
organisation of forces 16–17
rayya (flag) 16
Second Battle of El Teb 77
spearmen 71
tactics 17
Marabieh 61
Martin, Private Walter 130
Merowe 87, 98
Metemmeh 86, 94, 96
map 96
road to 95
Moncrieff, Lynedoch 65, 72
N
Naval Brigade 25
New South Wales
anti-war address 55
military commitment to Sudan campaign 3, 4, 13, 146–7
offer of support to Sudan 42–4
New South Wales Contingent 147
age distribution of 48
Ambulance Corps 36
artillery 36–7, 38, 38, 44, 46
assessment 150, 152
cavalry and 27
commemoration plaque 150
departure for Sudan 52–8
deployment 40, 44, 46
dress and equipment 37, 39, 39
enlistment, medicals and drills 49
expenses 53
fatalities 144, 149, 150
field kit 40
gifts and supplies 53, 53, 54
health and veterinary personnel 44
Henry Short Naval rifle 36
infantry 44, 48, 50
initial contribution 43
Martini Henry Rifle 35
military force numbers 1885 34–5
national origins of members of 50
numbers of 44
oath of allegiance 45
opinions on 128, 147
pay rates 41
personal weapons 36
prior military service 48, 50
rations for voyage to Sudan 52, 52, 53
return of 146, 148, 149, 149, 150, 152
RML 9 Pounder 6 cwt Mark II gun on carriage 36
send off from Sydney 55, 56
senior staff officers 46–8
supplies from British army 46
troopships 51, 52, 56, 57, 58
Victoria Barracks 40, 54, 55, 150
weaponry 35–7
New South Wales Government Gazette 46
New South Wales Permanent Artillery 34, 48
New Zealand Waikato War 34
Nicholson, Lieutenant Colonel S.J. 114
Nile expedition 84–6, 87–100
Canadian voyageurs 82, 82
Desert Column 84, 92, 97
military units 92
River Column 92, 97–8, 100
whalers 91, 97
Nile River 12, 20
19th Hussars 27
9th Bengal Cavalry 27
Nordenfelt Gun 62, 62, 77
O
Omdurman, Battle of 148
Orient Shipping Company 52
Orlando class cruisers 30, 31, 31
Otao 80, 129, 130, 131, 135, 138, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144
Ottoman Empire 8, 10
P
Parrott, Captain Thomas Samuel 46
Perry, Major E.G. 112, 128
press correspondents 22
Proudfoot, George 46, 149
Q
Queen Victoria 12, 45
R
Rathbone, Major W.F. 138
Red Sea 12, 16, 30, 56, 58, 61, 66, 69, 72, 87
Richardson, Colonel John Soame 39, 46, 47, 47–8
Roberts, Colonel Charles 46
Robertson, Private William 149
Rolfe, Commander Ernest Neville 75
Royal Engineers 22, 25, 28
Balloon Detachment 123
military telegraphs 89, 89, 90
railway construction 136–9, 139, 142
Telegraph Battalion 88, 90
telegraph line between Cairo and Khartoum 89–90
10th Railway Company 22, 138, 139, 145
Royal Navy 3, 20, 29, 29–33, 33, 34, 35, 37, 48, 97, 104
Archer class torpedo cruisers 30, 30
European navies and, comparison 29–30
fleets 30
Mediterranean Fleet 32
Orlando class cruisers 30, 31, 31
role in Sudan campaign 30
weaponry 33, 33
S
Sardun, Mohammed Adam 131
Sebastopol 28
Second Anglo-Burmese War 21
Sennar 59, 61, 87, 101
Sessel, Private Edward 56
Shannon, Captain J.W. 52
Shatt 61
Shendi 81, 83, 94
signalling device 124, 124
Sinkat 69, 72, 74, 123, 143
South Africa 3, 9, 21, 48
Spalding, Lieutenant Colonel Warner 46
Stephenson, Lieutenant General Sir Frederick 83, 135, 147
Stewart, Lieutenant Colonel John 66, 84, 86
Stewart, Major General Sir Herbert 75, 80, 86, 92, 94, 96
Stewart, Major Norman 102, 125
Suakin 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 27, 32, 33, 37, 39, 43, 46, 52, 59, 61, 64, 64, 65, 65, 66, 72, 74, 78, 80, 81, 84, 87, 90, 91, 131, 133, 143
advantages as operational base 101
British troops 98
British warships 97
defences 70, 103
Fort Baker 74
railway see Suakin-Berber railway
surrounds and 69, 72
theatre of operations around, 1884-1885 67, 99
Suakin-Berber railway 98, 102, 104, 121, 128–9, 132, 135, 136–45
attacks by Mahdists 141
British withdrawal from Sudan and 143
construction 138, 139, 139
costs 141, 144, 145–6
gauge 136–7
material for, disembarking 136
Naval Brigade 137
New South Wales Contingent, role of 136, 138, 140–1, 14
4, 145
protection against threats 142, 144
removal 144
split army/civilian control over construction 137
support for construction 138
Suakin expedition 101–35
balloons, use of 122, 123, 123
Battle of Hashin 113
climate 103
Composite Camel Corps 132, 134
disease and sickness 107, 144, 145
enemy raids 102
field force March 1885 114–15
Fort Hashin 116
Graham’s instructions 101–2, 104
hospitals 107, 108
Indian Contingent 111, 117, 119
logistics 104–8
McNeill’s Zareba 116–17, 118, 119–22, 125–8, 129
medical support 106–8
New South Wales Contingent 108, 110–11, 112, 112, 122, 125–8, 132, 134, 135
situational awareness 123
topography 101–2
veterinary support 108
water supplies 104–5, 125–6
Sudan 12, 60
defeat of Mahdists 148
insurrections 1881-1884 59–66
modern day Sudan compared with Mahdist State, 1881-98 5
operations in, 1881-1884 59–86
slave trading 12, 14, 66, 101
Suakin and Berber, map 133
tribes 14–17, 59
Sudan campaign 4, 19–20, 22, 153
background 8–33, 59–66
British ‘square’ formation, use of 25–6, 26, 80, 94, 121–2, 126–7
chronology 6–7
engineers, role of 4, 22 see also Royal Engineers; Suakin-
Berber railway
loss of support for 146–7
New South Wales Contingent 91, 100, 103 see also New South Wales Contingent; Suakin
withdrawal 135, 143, 146
Suez Canal 9, 10, 69
T
Taiping Rebellion 12
Tamai 113, 116–17, 121, 122, 132
Tamai, Battle of 25, 28, 37, 78, 79, 90, 135
first 80–1
second 122–8, 142
Tamanieb 78, 80
Tambuk 129, 132, 132, 141
Tel-el-Kebir 10
Templar, Major James F. 123
T’Hakul 131
Tofrek 33, 117, 121
Battle of 119, 120, 121
Tokar 69, 72, 74, 77, 78, 104
Trinkitat 65, 72
Tuckey, Private George 140
Turner, Major 90
20th Hussars 27
V
Victoria Cross 28, 32, 54, 78, 80, 94
W
Wadi Halfa 84, 86, 90
War Office Act 1870 20
Webber, Colonel C.E. 89
Weir, Private Robert 144
Wells, Lieutenant Colonel Frederick 48
White Star Line 52
Williams, Staff Surgeon William 46, 103, 106, 107, 110, 110, 127
Willows, Mr A. 149
Wilson, Colonel Sir Charles 94, 96, 97