Mises, Ludwig von, 30, 44
monopolies, 125–30
Moore, Michael, 96–97
Moretti, Enrico, 121
Mueller, Robert, 93
multiculturalism, xiv
asymmetrical, 23–24
Murray, Charles, 127
Muslims, xi, 111, 144
Mussolini, Benito, xiv, 31, 49, 99, 100
Nader, Ralph, 48
NAFTA, 5, 53
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 159–60
national efficiency school, 32
National Front, 80
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 34, 35
nationalism, ix–x, 90
economic, 79
populist, 69
National Legion of Decency, 41
National Recovery Administration (NRA), 34–35
National Review, 82
National War Labor Board, 33, 35–38
Native Americans, 24
NATO, 5, 93
neoliberalism, x, xiii, 30, 44, 48, 71–72, 89, 146–50, 165, 166–68, 170
cultural, 48
reforms and, 115–30, 132
revolution from above, 47–66, 70, 140
technocratic, see technocratic neoliberalism
New Deal, 39, 42–44, 48–50, 60, 69, 73, 106, 147, 164, 166
“New Democrat” movement, x
Nisbet, Robert, 85
nonprofit organizations, 64–65, 143–44
Norris, Pippa, 109
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 5, 53
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 5, 93
Obama, Barack, 50, 72, 75, 92, 93, 95, 146, 166
O’Daniel, W. Lee “Pappy,” 86
oligarchy, 86–88, 90, 113–14, 130, 133, 135, 147, 150, 168, 169
Open Markets Institute, 128
O’Rourke, Robert “Beto,” 156
Orwell, George, 3–4
overclass (college-educated managers and professionals), xi–xiv, 4, 6–12, 45, 46, 89, 131, 133, 150, 166–69
in hub cities, 14–27, 138, 143
intergenerational mobility and, 7–8
political spectrum of, 72, 73
populist voters dismissed and demonized by, 89–114, 115
self-idolatry of, 116
technocratic neoliberalism of, see technocratic neoliberalism
palliative liberalism, 129–30
paranoid style in American politics, 107, 109–10; see authoritarian personality theory
Parramore, Lynn Stuart, 21
Patman, Wright, 125
Patterson, John, 105
Perot, Ross, 69, 86–87
“-phobe,” use of term, 110–12
political correctness, xiv, 80
political parties
mass-membership parties, 60–61, 66, 131, 134, 135
political spectrums, 72–73
Pollack, Norman, 110
populism, populists, ix–xi, xiv, 1, 9, 71, 87, 89, 115, 132, 151, 168
agrarian, 40, 106
compared to National Socialism and Fascism, 90–92, 99–103
conservative, 72–73
conspiracy theories about Russia and Western populism, 90–99
as counterculture, 83
counterrevolution from below, 67–88
demagogic, xiii, xiv, xv, 24, 74, 79–80, 82–87, 89, 103, 113, 115, 131–33, 135, 142–43, 155, 169, 170
Herrenvolk, 80
oligarchy and, 86, 88, 113–14
political correctness, xiv
as reaction, 83, 113–14
urban politics, 81–82
white nationalism, xiv, 80
yellow vest protests in France, 19–20, 68, 92, 135
Procaccino, Mario Angelo, 82
producerism, 29–31
and antimonopolism, 125–27
productivity, 17–18, 52, 124, 150
prosperity and, 150
Progressive movement, 106
Progressive Party, 69
public utilities, 144
Putin, Vladimir, 2, 90, 92–94, 103
Putnam, Robert D., 64
racial and ethnic minorities, 11, 12, 14, 45, 74, 81, 89, 116
asymmetrical multiculturalism and, 23–24
Brexit and, xiii
and competition for public goods, 23, 26, 81, 153–54
discrimination and bigotry and, 26, 63, 76
part of heartland working class, 16
racism, 26, 111
wages and, 157
“white ethnics,” 81–82
see also immigration, immigrants
Reagan, Ronald, 50, 123, 166
Recession, Great, 51, 68, 98, 118
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 34
redistribution, xiv, 116, 122–24, 126–29, 132, 150
flaws of, 122–25
proposals for, 121–22
Reform Party, 69
deregulation, 50–52
Reinert, Erik, 149
religion, religious institutions, xii, xiii, 40–41, 46, 62–64, 66, 80, 87, 89, 108, 109, 111, 130, 131, 133–35, 141–44
Catholic, 31, 39, 41, 80, 82, 141, 144
Republican Party, 71, 74–77, 90, 96, 98, 107
changing electorate, 74–78
geography and, 14
Goldwater and, 108
trade and, 20–21
Ribuffo, Leo P., 110
Ricardo, David, 29
Rizzi, Bruno, 3
Rizzo, Frank, 82
Roach, Stephen, 55
Rodrik, Dani, 149, 151
Rogin, Michael Paul, 107
Romney, Mitt, 97
Roof, Dylann, 100, 113
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 34, 44, 49
Second Bill of Rights of, 36
Roosevelt, Theodore, 69
Roosevelt Institute, 128
Ruling the Void: The Hollowing of Western Democracy (Mair), 60
Russia Scare, 90–99, 103, 113–14, 132
Donald Trump and, 90–99, 103
Sahin, Aysegul, 57
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 100
Sale, Kirkpatrick, 139
Salvation Army, 144
Salvini, Matteo, xiii, 80, 81, 87, 100
Sanders, Bernie, 20, 82, 92, 95
Sassen, Saskia, 15
Scandinavia, xi
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., vii
Schröder, Gerhard, 51, 72
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 61
Securities and Exchange Commission, 34
servants, 21–22, 124, 156, 158–59
“sewer socialism,” 144
Silicon Valley, 54, 121, 124, 160
Silver, Nate, 10
Sitaraman, Ganesh, 139
skill-based technological change (SBTC), 118
Skocpol, Theda, 64–65
Smith, Adam, 29, 58
Snowden, Edward, 94
social democracy, 72, 73, 80, 164
Social Democrats, ix, 81, 115–16
socialism, 3, 29–31, 38, 45, 99
democratic, 128–29
“sewer,” 144
social media, 90, 92, 93
social power, vii, 116, 135, 167, 170
three realms of, xi–xv, 45, 65, 79, 83, 85, 89, 169, 170
Social Security, 35, 38, 70–71, 73, 75
sovereignty, 79, 147–49
Spence, Michael, 56
split labor markets, 11–12, 26, 162, 164
Stalin, Joseph, 49
Stanley, Jason,
99–100
status anxiety theory, 103, 105, 107
Stein, Ben, 65
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), 118–19
Sunstein, Cass, 50
Supreme Court, 35, 61–63
taxes, 48, 50, 67, 91, 115, 116
arbitrage, 52–54, 57, 58, 123, 148
creedal congregations and, 143–44
earned income tax credit, 122
robot, 123–24
tax breaks, 122
tax havens, 52–54, 58–59, 123
technocratic neoliberalism, xii–xv, 1–2, 47–66, 84, 85, 89, 132, 133, 135, 142, 166–67, 169
class as viewed in, 116–17
democratic pluralism replaced by, 47–49, 65, 81, 89
meritocracy, 116–17
see also overclass
Teixeira, Ruy, 97
Thatcher, Margaret, 51, 123, 166
Thompson, Derek, 25
trade, xi, xiii, xiv, 17, 20–21, 27, 50, 75, 91, 96, 115, 124, 126, 127, 146, 150, 165
class conflict, 20–21
imports, 20, 56, 151
Asian, 20, 57, 67–68, 151
neoliberalism, 146–47
new democratic pluralism, 147–51
regulations, 35, 48
arbitrage and, 52, 53, 57, 148
transnational technocracy, 79
pacts in, 53
regulatory harmonization of, 53–54, 133
trade unions, see labor, organized
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 53
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), 53, 96
tripartism, see organized labor
Truman, Harry S., xii
Trump, Donald, xi, xiii, 20, 61, 68, 69, 74–75, 79, 80, 82, 83, 86–87, 107, 111, 112, 131, 132, 135, 157
bigoted remarks of, 80, 102
Charlottesville rally and, 100–103
described as fascist, , 99–100, 103, 108–9
elected president, ix, 68, 75, 90–99, 103
Latinos and, xiii
“Resistance” term and, 90
see also authoritarian personality theory
Ullrich, Volker, 103–4
unions, see labor, organized
universal basic income (UBI), 122–25, 127
university-credentialed managers and professionals, see overclass
van den Berghe, Pierre, 80
Ventura, Jesse, 61
Viereck, Peter, 105
voting rights, 163–64
Wagner Act, 35
Wallace, George, 69
war and social reform, 32–38, 167–68
wards, 136–38
War Industries Board (WIB), 33–35
Warren, Donald, 73
Watanuki, Joji, 50
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 32
Weinberg, George, 111
welfare, 23, 26, 34, 36, 38, 123, 125, 152–54
immigrants and, 154–55
Wells, H. G., 32
white supremacists, white nationalists, 23, 26, 73, 79–81, 100–103, 109, 113
Wiener, Jon, 106
WikiLeaks, 93–94
Wille, Anchrit, 6
Wilson, Glenn, 105
Wilson, Woodrow, 33, 34, 39
Woo-Cumings, Meredith, 149
Woodward, C. Vann, 106
workers, working class, xi–xv, 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 37, 45–46, 47, 67, 89, 98, 150, 165, 169, 170
Apple and, 57–58, 118, 151
becoming something other than workers, 128
and competition for public goods, 23, 26, 79, 81, 153–54
division in, 10–12
fastest-growing occupations and, 118–19
geographic relocation and, 121, 139
in heartland, 14–27
immigration and, xii, xiii, xv, 11–12, 15–16, 21–23, 26, 59–60, 79, 111, 122, 124, 129–30, 148, 155–65
income and, see income and wages
labor arbitrage and, 55–59, 79, 126, 148, 151–53, 157
and large vs. small employers, 125–30
membership institutions and, 135–45
offshoring and, xii, 20, 55–56, 59, 68, 79, 98, 118, 122, 124, 127, 148, 151, 153, 168
political spectrum of, 72–73
power of numbers and, 134
skill-based technological change theory and, 118
split labor markets and, 11–12, 26, 162, 164
STEM skills and, 118–19
wages and, see income and wages
white, 81, 90, 95, 117, 157
women, 56–57, 117
worker-to-retiree ratio, 161–62
working conditions and, 33, 35, 37, 57, 136, 137, 159
see also labor, organized
World Trade Organization (WTO), 53, 57, 146
World War I, 32, 33–35, 167
World War II, xi–xii, 32, 36–37, 39, 44–45, 131, 167
Wright, Gavin, 11
yellow vest protests, x, 19–20, 68, 92, 135
Yglesias, Matthew, 158–59
Yorty, Sam, 82
Zuckerberg, Mark, 160
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About the Author
Michael Lind is the author of more than a dozen books of nonfiction, fiction, and poetry, including The Next American Nation and Land of Promise. He has been an editor or staff writer for The New Yorker, Harper’s, The New Republic, and The National Interest. He has taught at Harvard and Johns Hopkins and is currently a professor of practice at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin.
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*The democracies of North America and Western Europe are similar enough to justify generalizations about them. Political and social developments in Eastern Europe, East Asia, and other parts of the world are beyond the scope of this book.