Sloan, William David, and Startt, James D.: The Media in America (Northport, Vision Press, 1999)
Wright, Ronald: Stolen Continents: The “New World ” Through Indian Eyes (New York, Hougton Mifflin, 1992)
Chapters 14–18 (Programme 6)
PRIMARY
Jennings, Humphrey: Pandaemonium: The Coming of the Machine as Seen by Contemporary Observers (New York, MacMillan, 1985)
Johnson, Samuel: Samuel Johnson on Shakespeare (ed. Woudhuysen, H. R.) (New York, Penguin, 1990)
Mackie, Erin (ed.): The Commerce of Everyday Life: Selections from The Tatler and The Spectator (Boston, Bedford/St. Martins, 1998)
Mayhew, Henry: London Labour and the London Poor (London, Penguin Books, 1985)
Ross, Angus (ed.): Selections from The Tatler and The Spectator (New York, Penguin Books, 1982)
SECONDARY
Ayto, John: The Oxford Dictionary of Rhyming Slang (New York, Oxford University Press, 2003)
Colley, Linda: Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1992)
Crowley, Tony: Proper English? Readings in Language, History and Cultural Identity (New York, Routledge, 1992)
Fryer, Peter: Mrs. Grundy: Studies in English Prudery (London, Dobson Books, 1963)
Görlach, Manfred: English in Nineteenth-Century England (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999)
Holroyd, Michael: Bernard Shaw: The Pursuit of Power (New York, Vintage Books, 1991)
De Mare, Eric: London 1851: The Year of the Great Exhibition (London, The Folio Society, 1972)
Montagu, Ashley: The Anatomy of Swearing (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001)
Mugglestone, Lynda: Talking Proper: The Rise of Accent as a Social Symbol (2nd edn) (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003)
O’Toole, Fintan: A Traitor’s Kiss: The Life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan (New York, Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1998)
Porter, Roy: Enlightenment (Amherst, Prometheus, 1997)
Rogers, Pat: Hacks and Dunces (London, Methuen, 1980)
Romaine, Suzanne (ed.): The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. IV: 1776–1997 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999)
Chapters 19–21 (Programme 7)
PRIMARY
Baker, Philip, and Bruyn, Adrienne: St. Kitts and the Atlantic Creoles: The Texts of Samuel Augustus Mathews in Perspective (London, University of Westminster Press, 1998)
Hakluyt, Richard: Voyages and Discoveries (London, Penguin Books, 1972) (includes John Hawkins’ voyage to the Indies, 1564)
Krise, Thomas W. (ed.): Caribbeana: An Anthology of English Literature of the West Indies 1657–1777 (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1999) (includes James Grainger’s The Sugar Cane)
Parkes, Fanny: Begums, Thugs and White Mughals (ed. Dalrymple, William) (London, Eland Books, 2003)
Yule, Col. Henry, and Burnell, Arthur Coke: Hobson-Jobson (London, John Murray, 1986)
SECONDARY
Black, Clinton V.: Pirates of the West Indies (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989)
Burchfield, Robert (ed.): The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. V — English in Britain and Overseas: Origins and Development (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994)
Crystal, David: Language Death (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Dalby, Andrew: Language in Danger (New York, Columbia University Press, 2003)
Delbridge, A., et al. (eds.): The Macquarie Dictionary: Australia’s National Dictionary (revised 3rd edn) (Macquarie, 2001)
Farrington, Anthony: Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia 1600–1834 (London, British Library, 2002)
Hughes, Robert: The Fatal Shore (New York, Knopf, 1987)
James, Lawrence: Raj: The Making of British India (New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1998)
Lewis, Ivor: Sahibs, Nabobs and Boxwallahs: A Dictionary of the Words of Anglo-India (Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1991)
Mitchell, David: Pirates (New York, Delacorte Press, 1976)
Nettle, Daniel, and Romaine, Suzanne: Vanishing Voices (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000)
Tully, Mark: No Full Stops in India (New York, Viking, 1991)
Chapters 22–24 (Programme 8)
SECONDARY
Ayto, John: Twentieth Century Words (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999)
Fussell, Paul: The Great War and Modern Memory (New York, Oxford University Press, 2000)
Gardiner, Juliet: Over Here: The Gls in Wartime Britain (London, Collins & Brown, 1992)
Graddol, David: The Future of English? (London, British Council, 1997)
Graddol, David, and Meinhof, Ulrike H. (eds.): English in a Changing World (AILA Review 13) (Oxford, Association Internationale de Linguistique Applique/International Association of Applied Linguistics, 1999)
Partridge, Eric: A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (3rd edn) (London, Routledge, 1949) (There are later editions, but this was useful for finding wartime slang.)
Partridge, Eric, and Clark, John W.: British and American English Since 1900 (Westport, Greenwood Press, reprint 1968)
Index
Aboriginals
Académie Française
Act of Union (1536)
Act of Union (1542)
Act of Union (1707)
Adams, John
Addison, Thomas
African Americans. See black English
African languages
Age of Enlightenment
agriculture
Aidan
alcoholic beverages
Alfred the Great, King
Ælfric
alliterative verse
alphabets
American English
black English (see black English)
cities and
Declaration of Independence
democratic ideal and
Dutch and
education and
English dialects and
French and
gangster culture and
German and
Irish and
as key to success of English
movies and
Native Americans and
Pilgrims
place names from England
Scots and
southern
Spanish and
vs. English English
Webster’s spelling book
western (see American western frontier)
World War II
American Revolution
American Spelling Book (Webster)
American Western frontier
city names
cowboys
Crockett and Tall Talk
drink and drunkenness terms
French language
gambling terms
gold rush terms
Lewis and Clark expedition
Native Americans
Spanish language and
Tall Talk
Angles
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
Anne, Queen
Anon
Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare)
Arabic language
Arawaks
Arnold, John
The Arte of English Poesie (Puttenham)
The Arte of Rhetorique (Wilson)
Arthur, King
Ascham, Roger
Asiatick Society of Bengal
Æthelred, King
Athenaeum
Atkinson, E. F.
Attwood, Scott
Augustine, St.
Austen, Jane
Australian English
Aboriginal languages
“bloody,” use of
convict speech
English dialects in
Macquarie Dictionary
nineteenth-century slang
place names
pronunciation
“Waltzing Matilda,”
word endings and abbreviations
Awdely, John
The Awful Australian (Desmond)
Aztec
Babu English
Bacon, Francis
Ball, John
“Bans a Killin” (Miss Lou)
Bantam (Java)
Barton, John
Bayeux Tapestry
Bay Psalm Book
BBC English
Beatitudes
Beaufort, Louis de
Bede
Beeton, Isabella
Beowulf
Bermuda
Bertrand de Born
Bestiary
Bibles
Beatitudes
Bishops’
black English and
Creation Story
Douai-Rheims
Geneva
Great
King James Version
Latin
Matthew
Pilgrims and
Shakespeare and
Tyndale’s translation
Wycliffe’s translation
biology
Bishops’ Bible
Bismarck, Prince Otto von
Black Death
black English
Gullah
pidgin
segregation
and southern white English
spirituals
Twain and
Uncle Remus stories
in the urban north
Blackwoods’ Edinburgh Magazine (Lockhart)
“bloody,”
Bloom, Harold
The Boke Named The Governour (Elyot)
book-burning
boosters
Boswell, James
Bowdler, Thomas
“boy,”
Boyse, Samuel
Bradford, William
Brazil
Britain. See also England
British Education (Sheridan)
Britons
Brooke, Rupert
Bryson, Bill
Bulletin (Bushman’s Bible)
bullies
Burns, Robert
Burridge, Kate
Bushman’s Bible (Bulletin)
Butler English
Cædmon
The Cambridge History of the English Language
Cambridge University
Campion, Thomas
cant
The Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
dialects in
the Knight
Miller’s Tale
Nun’s Priest’s Tale
opening lines
Pardoner’s Tale
pilgrims, introduction of
printing of
Reeve’s Tale
swear words in
Capote, Truman
Carib language
Carlyle, Thomas
Cawdrey, Robert
Caxton, William
Celts/Celtic
Chambers Dictionary
Chancery (Chancellery) English
Chandler, Raymond
Charles, the Prince of Wales
Chaucer
The Canterbury Tales
life of
Troilus and Criseyde
Chaudhuri, Amit
Cheke, John
chemistry
Chesterfield, Lord
Chinese language
“chip,”
chivalry
Chrétien de Troyes
Christian Brethren
Christianity. See also Roman Catholic Church
arrival in England
the Bestiary
in India
Pilgrims
Churchill, Winston
Civil War
Clark, William
class
clock making
“coach,”
Cockney
Cody, William F. “Buffalo Bill,”
coffee houses
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
Columbus
convict speech
“cooee,”
Cook, James
Cooper, James Fenimore
Cornwall, John
Coronation Street (television)
Council of Constance (1414)
courtier-poet
Coverdale, Miles
cowboys
Cranmer, Thomas
Creation Story
creoles
Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language (Walker)
Crockett, Davy
Cromwell, Oliver
Crystal, David
Culloden, Battle of (1746)
Cumbria (England)
Curll, Edmund
“Curry and Rice” (Atkinson)
Curzon, Lord
Dalrymple, Alexander
Danelaw
Danes
Darwin, Erasmus
David Copperfield (Dickens)
Declaration of Independence
A Defence of Poesy (Sidney)
Defoe, Daniel
Desmond, Valerie
Devenish, Hubert
Dharuk language
dialects and accents
Chaucer’s use of
class and
Cockney
Cumbrian
London
pronunciation police
Renaissance and
Shakespeare and
Standard English and
television and
theater and
in West Indies
Dickens, Charles
Dictes or Sayengis of the Philosophres
dictionaries
Australian
first
Grose’s
Johnson’s
recent additions to
Webster’s
Dictionary (Johnson)
Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (Grose)
diphthongs
Dissertations in the English Language (Webster)
Domesday Book
Donne, John
Douai-Rheims Bible
double negatives
Douglas, Sylvester
Drayton, Michael
drink and drunkenness terms
Dryden, John
Duncan-Jones, Katherine
Dutch language
EastEnders (television)
East India Company
The Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation (Bede)
Edward I, King
Eleanor of Aquitaine
elements
Elizabeth I, Queen
Ellis, Alexander
Ellis Island
Elyot, Thomas
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Encyclopaedia of the English Language (Crystal)
England. See also Middle English; Old English; Standard English
Chaucer
Enlightenment
Germanic invasion (see Germanic invasion)
Industrial Revolution
Norman Conquest (see Norman Conquest)
Renaissance (see Renaissance)
Shakespeare
standardization for courts and documents
Viking invasion
World War I,
World War II,
Wycliffe’s Bible
English as a Global Language (Crystal)
English as a second language
Enlightenment, Age of
Esperanto
Essay on Criticism (Pope)
Essay on Human Understanding (Locke)
An Essay Toward a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (Wilkins)
Estuary English
Ethandune, Battle of
Evelyn, John
Exeter Book
falconry
The Fatal Shore (Hughes)
Faulkner, William
feudalism
Fielding, Henry
Fitzgerald, F. Scott
fixed English
Fragments of Ancient Poetry (Macpherson)
France. See also French language
Franklin, Benj
amin
The Fraternyte of Vacabondes (Awdely)
French creoles
French language
American English and
in Canterbury Tales
dictionary
Norman (see Norman French)
Renaissance and
words from
Friesland (Frisian language)
futhorc
Gaelic
gambling
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
gay slang
Geneva Bible
geology
Germanic invasion
Celtic and
Christianity and
origins of English
runes
Germanic languages
German language
global language
Globe Theatre
Gordon, Lord
Graddol, David
Grainger, James
grammar
Great Bible
Great Exhibition (London, 1851)
Great Vowel Shift (GVS)
Greek
Greene, Richard
Gregory, Pope
Grimm, Jakob
Grimm’s Fairy Tales (Grimm)
Grose, Francis
Grub Street
Guardian
Gullah
Gulliver (Swift)
GVS (Great Vowel Shift)
Hackney, Iscariot (Richard Savage)
hacks
Haiti
Hakluyt, Richard
Hamlet (Shakespeare)
Hard Words Made Easy
Harold, King
Harris, George
Harris, Joel Chandler
Hastings, Battle of (1066)
Hastings, Warren
Hawkins, John
Heaney, Seamus
Hebrew
Henry II, King
Henry III, King
Henry IV, King
Henry V (Shakespeare)
Henry V, King
Henry VIII, King
Herbert, George
Hereford, Nicholas
Higden, Ranulf
Hindi
Historia Regum Brittaniae (Geoffrey of Monmouth)
Hobson-Jobson
Hokun
Hood, Thomas
Hopkins, Gerard Manley
Horton, George Moses
“hotel,”
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey
“h,” pronunciation of
Huckleberry Finn (Twain)
Hughes, Robert
Hughes, Ted
Ido
The Importance of Being Earnest (Wilde)
India
absorption of English
Babu English
Butler English
Hindi
Hobson-Jobson
imposition of English
independence