Bell, Winifred, 200
Birdwood, General, 138
Black Dragon Society, 58, 85–6, 92, 102, 111, 113, 200
Blamey, General Thomas, 230, 257, 271
Bolshevik revolution, 172
Bond, General, 214
Bose, Subhash Chandra, 284
Boxer Rebellion, 51
Britain, 51
Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902, 54
Brookes, Alfred Deakin, 276, 311–12
Broome, Captain, 291–2
Bunshiro, Naganuma, 15, 18, 36, 61, 96–7, 145
Bunshiro, Naka, 97, 145
Bunshiro, Rintaro, 97, 145
Bushidō, 67, 113, 235, 242, 253, 256
Byakuren, Yanagihara, 169
Cairo, 130–3
Cantonese army, 142
Carew, Edith, 42
Carew, Walter, 42
Chin, Peng, 288
China, 82–3, 55, 90, 102, 110–17, 246
Boxer rebellion, 51
Port Arthur, 33, 40, 51, 61–2, 67–9, 73–4, 76, 104, 213
revolution, 108–17
ronin 82, 89, 91, 100, 106
Sino-Japanese War, 39, 42–3
Clausewitz, 100, 136, 141, 162, 241, 304
‘clean sweep’ operation, 283–6, 298–9, 305
communists, 174, 262, 286–8
Cooper, Duff, 219
Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC), 305–6
Cox, James, 218
Crawcour, Sydney, 315
Crosby, Sir Josiah, 214, 219
Curtin, Prime Minister John, 255
Dai-bosatsu Tōge, 178, 181–2, 200, 315
Davis, Colonel, 291–2
de Bavier, Edouard, 9, 12–13, 14–16, 43, 112, 167
de Bruyn, Lieutenant, 230, 259
de Roos, Mr, 230
Dickinson, Arthur, 220–1
Drage, Charles, 190–3
Dully, 9, 16, 167
Dutch Netherland East Indies authorities, 258–9
earthquake, 1923 Yokohama, 157–63, 166
East Asia Economic Investigation Bureau, 177–8
Edwards, Osman, 41
Empress of Australia, 157–60, 166
Evatt, ‘Doc’, 259
Extra-territorial rights, Western, 37, 46
Far Eastern Liaison Office (FELO), 230–40, 242–4, 250–66, 267, 275, 311
broadcasts, 229, 268–71, 315
leaflets 243, 250–3, 255, 257, 260–5, 269–70, 273, 309, 315
Paulownia leaflet, 244, 252
Ferber, Helen, 312
France, 51
Fraubenius, Sebastien, 5, 309
Freame, Harry, 139
Freame, Lieutenant Henry Wykeham, 272
Fujita, Ichiro, 245, 256
Fukuzawa, Yukichi, 44–5
Gallipoli, 135–41
Germany, 51
Gielen, Victor, 41, 43, 54, 56, 96–8, 145
Goro, General Miura, 56
Great Bodhisattva Pass see Dai-bosatsu Tōge
Gregory, George, 250–1
Hachioji, 22
harakiri 23, 30, 46, 117, 199
Harriman, Edward H, 85–6
Heanly, Robert, 268
Heihachiro, Captain Togo, 39
Heimin Shimbun, 70, 73
Herbert, Lieutenant-Colonel Aubrey, 138–9
Hirohito, Emperor, 170, 175, 183, 243, 260
Hirose, Lieutenant-Commander Takeo, 61
Holt-Wilson, Eric, 215
Hong Kong, 51, 107, 190–4
Hooper, Mr, 48, 52
Horii, General, 248
Huang, General Hsing, 85, 109, 111–12, 114, 168
Ikeyama, Noboru, 279
Iles, John, 267–9
Inagaki, Nobuko, 313
Inagaki, Lieutenant Riichi, 244–52, 256–7, 275, 313
Ind, Major Allison W, 231
Indochina, 217
Iseyama shrine, 149
Ishibe, Sergeant-Major Takuro, 288–91, 293, 310
Ishimoto, Baroness, 184
Itagaki, General, 294
Japan, 153–5, 169–71
Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902, 54
anti-foreign sentiment, 50–1, 55, 163, 176, 183–4
anti-Korean vigilantism, 163–4
banking crisis, 1927, 172
‘modern girls’, 155
nationalism, rise, 50, 55
right-wing nationalist groups, 174–6, 182–3
Russia and, 27–8, 51, 58–60, 67–9, 73–4, 76–7
Sino-Japanese War, First, 39, 42–3, 51
stock exchange crashes, 153
surrender, 273–4, 294
Japan and the Japanese, 152
Japanese army, 19, 69, 73, 111–12, 102–3, 194, 207, 221–2, 262, 278, 293
Japanese prisoners of war, 253–6
Cowra break-out, 256
Jardine Matheson & Co, 11, 14
Jewett, John, 145, 150
Jiji Shimpo, 44–5
Junnosuke, Inoue, 175
Kaemon, Takashima, 10
Kamimiyada, 36–40
Kamimura, Admiral, 68–9
Kanda, 24–6, 29, 66
Kanda, Mr, 178
Kasatkin, Nikolai, 27, 67
Kato, 303
Katsura, Prime Minister, 59, 77, 79
Kawamura, General, 299
Kell, Vernon, 213
Kempeitai, 164, 218, 278, 281–4
Kenney, George, 233–5
Kinney, Henry, 185
Kita, Ikka, 91
Kita, Terujiro, 183
Knox, Colonel, 141
Kobayashi, Takiji, 182
Koga, Minekichi, 185
Kokuhonsha see National Foundation Society
Komura, Foreign Minister, 60, 77, 79
Korea, 56, 108
Kotoku, Shusui, 71–3, 91, 101, 106, 108–9, 174
Kuomintang network, 291–2
Kurose, Shozaburo, 297–9
Kyoto Shimbun, 303–5, 307
Lai, Tek see Wong, Kim Giok
League of Nations, 185
Leonski, Edward, 229
Lim, Bo Seng, 291–3, 297
London Maru, 159
Louwisch, Rabbi, 250–1, 254
Lycaon, 159
Lyon, Ivan, 199, 214
Lytton Commission, 185
MacArthur, General, 231–2, 242, 255, 271
McDaniel, Yates, 234
McDonald, Algie, 250
McGuire, Paul, 237–9, 257, 259, 311
Madoc, Guy, 212
Makaroff, Admiral, 67
Malaya, 285
communist party, 286–8
Manchuria, 33, 59–60, 67–9, 73–4, 176, 185
Mantetsu, 177, 185
Maruyama, Mr, 150, 153
marxism, 172
Masataro, Masuda, 63–6, 73, 93–4, 144, 150, 153
Mashbir, Colonel Sidney, 242, 245, 251
Mikimoto pearls, 94
Min, Queen of Korea, 56
Mishima, Toyosaburo, 44–5, 49–50, 135, 150, 154, 307
Miura, Goro, 56
Miyazaki, Ryusuke, 168, 173
Miyazaki, Tōten, 82–7, 90, 106, 108, 149, 168–9
‘modern girls’, 155
Morgan, Ken, 215
Mori, Sergeant-Major Keijiro, 165
Morrison, Ian, 220, 234, 242
Mutsuhito, Emperor, 89
Nagata, Tetsuzan, 183
Nakayama, Mitsuo, 286
Nakazato, Kaizan, 178–9
Dai-bosatsu Tōge, 178–80, 181–2, 200, 315
National Foundation Society, 182–3
New Guinea, 232–6, 248
New Man Society, 164, 169, 173
Ni-Ni-Roku affair, 183
Nichiren sect priests, 175–6
Nikolai Cathedral, 27, 86
Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK), 216, 222, 279
Nisei, 245, 250, 314
Nitobe, Inazo
Bushido, 55
Noe, Ito, 164–5
nudity, public, 37–8
Oishi, Lieutenant-Colonel Masayuki, 299
Okura Commercial College, 154
Onishi, Lieutenant Satoru, 282–3, 286–8, 291–3, 298–9
Onishi Butai, 285, 307, 310
Onraet, René, 215, 220
Osugi, Sakae, 164–5, 265
Otsu, 30–1
Otsu, Major, 274
Otsubo, Akiko, 306
Otsubo, Daikichiro, 306
peace preservation law, 173
Pearl Harbour, 227
Perry, Commodore, 13
Philoctetes, 159
Piesse, Major, 123, 125
Port Arthur, 33, 40, 51, 61–2, 67–9, 73–4, 76, 104, 213
Proud, Coral, 312–13
Proud, Commander John ‘Jack’, 220, 226, 229–30, 233–4, 236, 239, 243, 254, 257–8, 265, 275–6, 311
Pu Yi, Emperor, 176
Quispel, Lieutenant-Commander, 230, 258
Rees, Delwyn Vaughan, 122–3, 125
Reynolds, Major, 122–3
Rivett, Rohan, 223
Roosevelt, President Theodore, 75–6, 79, 261
Russia, 27–8, 58–9, 67–9, 73–4, 76–7, 91
Bolshevik revolution, 172
Ryunosuke, Akutagawa, 176
Sakae, Munekazu, 165
Sakaguchi, Harumi, 315
Sakai, Chika, 10–13, 15–16, 18–24, 28–30, 32–5, 43–4, 51–3, 56, 61, 89, 95–8, 145, 149, 188, 205, 307
Sakai, Fuku, 13, 21, 29–30, 97
Sakai, Hachisaburo see Bavier, Charles Souza
Sakai, Kame, 13, 15, 21, 97
Sakai, Matsugoro, 13–14, 97
Sakhalin island, 172
Sansom, George, 190, 218–19, 303
Sarabhaya, Luang, 219, 227, 259
Satow, Sir Ernest, 42
Scott, Robert, 220, 223
seppuku, 30
Setsurei, Miyake, 152
Seven Lives Society, 175
‘Shanghai Incident’, 175, 191
Shimomura, Sergeant, 297
Shinjinkai see New Man Society
Shiraishi, Lieutenant, 51
silk industry, 14–15, 22–3
Simson, Ivan, 219–20
Singapore, 194–200, 216–18, 278–84, 295, 299
Japanese attack, 221
surrender, 225
Songgram, Colonel Luang Pibul, 205, 208, 211, 219
Sook Ching operation see ‘clean sweep’ operation
South Manchurian Railway see Mantetsu
Suga, Otsubo, 180, 189, 260, 304–7, 311
Sun Tzu, 100, 162, 241–2
Suzuki, Prime Minister Admiral, 261–2, 265
Suzuki Shoten, 172
Sydney, 120, 237, 246
Japanese attack, 233–5
Taiwan, 56
Takeda, Colonel, 207–12, 217, 219
Takenaga, Masaharu, 264
Takeo, Arishima, 176
Takuma, Dan, 175
Takushoku University, 154
Tan, Chong Tee, 292
tenko, 173–4
Teramoto, Hiroshi (Uncle Victor), 301, 306
Thailand, 202–12, 217–18, 221, 285
Thomas, Sir Shenton, 213
Togo, Admiral, 69, 74, 88
Tokko, 173
Tokyo, 24, 77–80, 86–7, 90–1, 100–2
Tokyo Imperial University, 172
Tongmenghui, 85, 89, 90, 101, 110, 112
Tonozawa, 151
Toshihiko, Sakai, 70–1
Treaty of Portsmouth 1905, 77–80
Truman, President Harry S, 261
Tsuji, Colonel Masanobu, 283, 298, 305
Tsurumi, Ken, 221
Tsuyoshi, Inukai, 175
Turkish Army, 137, 139
Uchida, Ryohei, 86, 92, 102–3, 114
Uesugi, Shinkichi, 175, 182
van der Plas, Charles, 258
venereal disease, 141–2
Vinden, Major Jo, 199, 213
Wallace, Stephen, 272, 274
Warming, Sophus, 125, 145, 150, 166
Waseda University, 64–6, 72, 87, 99, 172
Watanabe, 203
Wells, Leonie, 222–3, 278–80, 284, 293, 300–1, 305
Wigmore. Lionel, 220
Williams, Harold, 312
Wong, Kim Giok, 286–7, 291–2, 297
World War One, 133
outbreak, 124–5
Wynne, Mervyn, 221
Yamada, Waka, 155
Yamaguchi, Lieutenant, 297
Yamaji, General Motoharu, 32–3
Yamato, 261
Yashiro, Naka, 146–52, 161, 181, 188–9, 191, 200, 216, 223–5, 227, 265, 271, 274, 276, 296–301
Yashiro, Sadaichi, 146–9, 189, 301, 311
Yashiro, Shun, 146–9, 181–2, 189
Yasukun shrine, 25, 307
Yasumasa, Lieutenant-Colonel Fukushima, 28
Yokohama, 10–11, 14
earthquake 1 September 1923, 157–63, 166
treaty port, 14, 37, 41, 46
Yoshihito, Emperor, 170
Yuan, Shikai, 115
Yukio, Ozaki, 176, 305
Charles Bavier, aged three, dressed in Japanese formal clothes with the Sakai crest on the left shoulder of his coat, photographed in a Yokohama studio in 1891. Son of the wealthy Swiss silk trader Edouard de Bavier and an unknown European mother, he was left to the trader’s former Japanese mistress to be raised as a Japanese.
In the garden of ‘Bavierville’, the home of Edouard de Bavier, on the Bluff in the foreign settlement of Yokohama. The house was built in a hybrid Japanese and Western style and had views over the sea to Yokohama and to Mount Fuji. Edouard is possibly the figure sprawled on the ground, the other men managers in the silk enterprise.
Prosperous but unpopular, this formal portrait of Edouard de Bavier was taken in 1878 on a trip back to his Swiss château at Dully, near Geneva. He scoured the hinterland around Yokohama for silk, set hard terms for payment on delivery, and upset other foreign businessman by voluntarily paying taxes to the Japanese government.
No.76 on the Bund, the waterfront business district of the Yokohama foreign settlement, was the first headquarters of Bavier & Co. Its courtyard was usually crowded with bales of silk brought in from the cocooneries in outlying villages.
Getting into the minds of the Japanese, Charles Bavier reads a Japanese-language commentary at the Shortwave Overseas Broadcasting Service in Melbourne, 1942, after being evacuated from Singapore just before the supposed impregnable British fortress fell to the Japanese invasion. Pix magazine reported his broadcasts had disturbed Japanese authorities so much that an order had been given, banning their soldiers from listening.
Factual propaganda was the principle focus at the Far Eastern Liaison Office (FELO). This air-dropped leaflet prepared by Bavier and his colleagues tells Japanese soldiers their Nazi allies have surrendered.
William Macmahon Ball, professor of political science at the University of Melbourne (right), was put in charge of the Shortwave Service and thought highly of Bavier’s contribution. Here he confers with editors Ro
bert Horne (left) and Gordon Williams (centre) at the Collins Street office where linguists monitored transmissions from enemy-held countries and put the Allied case back on the airwaves.
Pass out of battle: the reverse of FELO leaflets was a white-background notice for Japanese soldiers to wave as they attempted to surrender − but the term ‘ceased resistance’ was deemed by Bavier and colleagues to be more palatable to Japanese soldiers indoctrinated in death-before-surrender.
Eddie Bavier in 1958 after serving as a secret agent for the US army’s Counter-Intelligence Corps fighting communists in postwar Japan.
Leonie Wells came from a Eurasian family in Singapore. Protecting Leonie and her family was the reason Eddie stayed in Singapore to endure the Japanese occupation.
Bad company: Eddie Bavier (third row, second from right) with the Onishi-Butai (Onishi Company) of the dreaded Kempeitai, the Japanese Military Police, at the Outram Road Police Station commandeered for its headquarters.
John Bavier, the second son of Charles Bavier and his wife Naka, signed up for the Australian army when he turned 18.
Broadcasting under fire, John Bavier reads a surrender message to Japanese troops from the front line in Bougainville in 1945. (Courtesy of the Australian War Memorial)
School for leaders: Inagaki Riichi (back row, fourth from right) in his paymaster class at the Imperial Japanese Navy base in Yokosuka, 1941. The future hawkish prime minister of Japan, Yasuhiro Nakasone, is to his immediate left. Another fellow student was Iichiro Hatoyama (not in picture), later foreign minister and father of prime minister Yukio Hatoyama. Within 18 months of this picture being taken, Inagaki was working with FELO in Australia and had the freedom of wartime Brisbane on parole.
Odyssey’s end: After seeking adventure in foreign lands, Charles Bavier returned to Japan in 1949 and lived in this traditional house in Kyoto, the ancient royal capital, where he was a respected newspaper columnist and commentator.
THE BLACK WAR: FEAR, SEX AND RESISTANCE IN TASMANIA
Nicholas Clements
Between 1825 and 1831 close to 200 Britons and 1000 Aborigines died violently in Tasmania’s Black War. It was by far the most intense frontier conflict in Australia’s history, yet many Australians know little about it. The Black War takes a unique approach to this historic event, looking chiefly at the experiences and attitudes of those who took part in the conflict. By contrasting the perspectives of colonists and Aborigines, Nicholas Clements takes a deeply human look at the events that led to the shocking violence and tragedy of the war, detailing raw personal accounts that shed light on the tribes, families and individuals involved as they struggled to survive in their turbulent world.