in predicting future
quantum
sense of fulfillment in
significance of, for cosmological theorizing, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
in subject–object–environment model of quantum mechanics, 8.1, 8.2f
see also self-awareness
consensus reality
definition of, 9.1, 9.2t
interrelationships with other forms of reality, 9.1, 9.2f, 9.3
of quantum mechanics
conservation of energy
symmetry and
conserved quantity, t
constructive interference
continuum models of physics, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 13.1
Conway, John
coolness problem, 11.1, 11.2
Copenhagen interpretation, 7.1, 7.2t, 7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 10.1
Copernican principle
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 2.1, 3.1
Cosmic Background Explorer, 3.1, 3.2f, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1
cosmic background radiation
axis of evil in multipole maps of, 3.1, 3.2f, 3.3
cosmic matter budget calculations and, 4.1, 4.2
curvature of space and
detection of, 3.1, 3.2
limits of explanatory power of
mapping of, 3.1, 3.2f, 3.3
origins of
polarization of
problems for Big Bang theory in distribution of
standard model of fluctuations in, 4.1, 4.2f
structure of Universe and patterns of
temperature measure problem
theoretical prediction of, 3.1, 3.2
see also power-spectrum curves
cosmic matter budget
cosmic background radiation measurement and, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4t
distribution of, 4.1, 4.2f, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5
cosmic seed fluctuations
amplitude, 4.1t, 4.2, 5.1
power-spectrum shape and
quantum mechanics as source of
randomness of
structure of Universe originating in
tilt parameter, 4.1t, 5.1
unanswered questions about, 4.1, 4.2
variations among parallel universes and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
cosmological constant, 3.1, 4.1
cosmological standard model, 4.1, 4.2f, 6.1
Costa, Angélica de Oliveira, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
creation myths
Cuban Missile Crisis
cube rotations
Dante
dark energy
in cosmic matter budget
fine-tuned
inflation theory and
opportunities for research on
properties of
theoretical prediction of, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
dark matter
in formation of galaxies
invisible nature of
opportunities for research on
properties of, 4.1, 4.2
role of, in structure of Universe
theoretical prediction of
DASI
data compression, 7.1, 12.1, 12.2
Davies, Paul, 6.1, 13.1n
Davis, Marc
Death Bubbles, 13.1, 13.2f, 13.3t, 13.4
de Broglie, Louis, 7.1, 7.2
Debye, Peter
decoherence
definition of, 7.1t, 8.1
discovery of, 8.1, 8.2
quantum computing and, 8.1, 8.2
subject–object–environment interactions and
Democritus
density matrix, 8.1, 8.2n, 8.3f
destructive interference
determinism
deuterium
Deutsch, David
Devlin, Mark
DeWitt, Bryce
Dicke, Bob, 5.1, 5.2
dimensions of space and time
in Hilbert space
in Level II multiverse
livable universe and, 6.1, 6.2f
mathematical structures for
in spacetime
in string theory
Dirac, Paul
Donoghue, John
doomsday argument
Doppler shift
double slit experiment, 7.1f, 8.1
down quarks
Drake, Francis
Drexler, Eric
duplicated lives in parallel universes
differences among
distance between
evidence of
likelihood of, in Level I multiverse
probability and randomness perceived by, 8.1, 8.2f, 8.3, 11.1, 12.1
quantum suicide experiment and
as scientifically provable
self-perception and, 11.1, 11.2
unification of multiverses and
Dyer, Wayne
Earth, 2.1, 3.1
age of
see also life on Earth
eclipses, 2.1, 2.2
Eddington, Arthur
education
effective laws of physics, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3t
Efstathiou, George, 3.1, 3.2
Egan, Greg
Ehrenfest, Paul
Einstein, Albert, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 13.1
see also theory of general relativity
Elby, Andy, 8.1, 8.2
electrical forces
electric charge
electric field
electromagnetic field
electromagnetic force
fine-tuning of
electron field
electron neutrinos
electrons
in atomic structure
behavior of
definition of, t
fine-tuning of
in hydrogen plasma
products of particle collision from
Eliot, T. S., 13.1, 13.2
ellipse, 10.1, 10.2f
Ellis, George, 6.1, 13.1
E = mc2, 5.1, 7.1
emergent objects, 10.1, 12.1
energy
to change phases of space
in creation of matter
in inflation theory
negative
in theory of special relativity
entropy
equivalence, principle of, 10.1, 11.1
Eratosthenes, 2.1, 13.1
Euclid
European Space Agency
Everett, Hugh, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4f, 10.1, 13.1
Everett, Mark, 8.1, 8.2f
Everett (Many Worlds) interpretation, 7.1t, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.1
evolution, consciousness and intuition in, 1.1, 11.1, 13.1
expansion of the Universe
energy for
evidence of, 3.1, 3.2
future prospects for
inflation theory of, 5.1, 5.2
meaning of, 3.1, 3.2
origins of theory of
speed of, 3.1, 4.1
speed of light and
state of Universe preceding
see also inflation theory
external reality
assumptions about, in critiques of multiverse theory
consensus reality and, 9.1, 9.2f, 9.3
definition of, t
internal reality and, 1.1, 9.1, 9.2f, 11.1
language of a unifying theory of
as mathematical structure, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2
nature of time in
power of mathematics to describe
of quantum mechanics
self-awareness in experience of, 11.1, 11.2f, 11.3
External Reality Hypothesis, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 13.1, 13.2
Level IV multiverse and
falsifiability of multiverse theory, 6.1, 11.1, 13.1
Farhi, Eddie
fermion particles, 6.1, 6.2f, 7.1t
Fermi paradox, n
Feynman, Richard, 1.1, 1.2, 8.1, 8.2f
Feynman Lectures on Physics, The
field physics
fine structure constant
fine-tu
ning
of elementary particles
of dark energy, 6.1, 12.1
definition of, t
as evidence of multiverses, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 12.1, 13.1
as fluke, 6.1, 13.1
Finite Universe Hypothesis, 10.1t, 12.1, 12.2
formal systems, 12.1f, 12.2
Foundational Questions Institute, 8.1, 10.1
Fourier transformation
FRAC, 3.1, 12.1f, 12.2
fractals, 5.1, 12.1, 12.2f, 12.3
Friedman, Milton, 1.1, 5.1
Friedmann, Alexander, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
Frost, Robert
Fuchs, Klaus
Fuller, Buckminster
fundamental laws of physics, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3t
galaxies
collision of, 13.1, 13.2
contents of
earliest
formation of, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
measurement and mapping of, 2.1, 4.1
motion of the Universe and, 3.1, 3.2
number of
Galileo Galilei, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
gamma rays
Gamow, George, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 11.1
Garriga, Jaume, 6.1, 8.1
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 2.1, 11.1
Gaussian random field
geometry
Gharibyan, Hrant
gluons, 7.1, 7.2t
Gödel, Kurt, 12.1, 12.2
gold, 7.1, 7.2
Good, Irving
Goodstein, Reuben
Google
googolplex
graphs
gravitational waves
gravity
evolution of scientific understanding of
in formation of Universe, 3.1, 4.1
negative pressure of
quantum, 8.1, 9.1
Greene, Brian, 5.1, 6.1n, 6.2n, 11.1, 11.2n, 12.1
Gunn, Jim, 4.1, 4.2
Guth, Alan, 5.1, 5.2f, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 11.1
HACME
Hameroff, Stuart
Hamilton, Andrew, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
Hanson, Robin, n
Hansson, Ola
Hartle, Jim
Hawking, Stephen, 3.1, 5.1n, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2
Hawking temperature
Heisenberg, Werner, 7.1, 7.2
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, 5.1, 7.1
Helbig, Phillip
heliocentric universe
helium, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 6.1, 7.1
Herman, Robert, 3.1, 3.2
Hernandez, David, f
Hewitt, Jackie
Hidden Reality, The (Greene), 11.1, 12.1
Higgs boson, 7.1, 12.1
Hilbert, David
Hilbert space
current understanding of, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1
definition of, 7.1t, 8.1
as mathematical object
Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The (Adams), 1.1, 2.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1
Hogan, Craig
Hogg, David
holographic principle
Hooker telescope
horizon volume
Hoyle, Fred
Hu, Wayne
Hubble, Edwin, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
Hubble’s Law, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
Hubble volume
hydrogen
after Big Bang
density in Universe
in fine-tuned Universe, 6.1, 6.2, 12.1
mapping
in origins of Universe, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
in stars, 2.1, 3.1
structure and properties of, 7.1, 7.2f, 7.3, 7.4
hypersphere, 2.1, 6.1
Immortal Game
immortality, 7.1t, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1, 11.2f, 11.3
incompleteness theorem, 12.1, 12.2
Industrial Revolution
infinite regress problem, 10.1, 10.2
infinity of space
as assumption of standard model
as flawed concept
as fundamental question of physics
infinite parallel universes in
multiverses and
theoretical understanding of, 2.1, 6.1
inflation theory, n
conceptual basis of Level II multiverse in
conservation of energy and
creation of infinite space in, 1.1, 5.1
dark energy and
decay processes in
doubling in
eternal property of inflation in, 5.1, 6.1
measure problem and, 11.1, 12.1
multiverse model and, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
origins of, 5.1, 5.2n
phases of space in
physics of
as solution to problems of Big Bang theory, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
structure of Universe explained by
as successful scientific theory, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
information content
concept of
in self-awareness
of Universe
information theory
to analyze cosmological data
second law of thermodynamics and
self-awareness and
initial conditions
in Level IV multiverse
in Mathematical Universe Hypothesis, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
variation in parallel universes from
interferometry
internal reality
computing, from external reality
consensus reality and, 9.1, 9.2f
definition of, 9.1, 9.2t
determinants of, 9.1, 9.2
distortions in, 9.1, 9.2
external reality and, 1.1, 9.1, 9.2f
intuited understanding, 1.1, 13.1
Is God a Mathematician? (Livio)
island universe model
isospin
isotopes, n
Jaffe, Andrew
Jennings, Ken
Joos, Erich
Jordan, Pasqual
kaons
Kepler, Johannes, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1
Keynes, John Maynard
Kieseritzky, Lionel
Kirshner, Robert
Knapp, Jill
Knox, Lloyd
Kolmogorov, Andrey
Korycansky, Donald
Kramnik, Vladimir
Kronecker, Leopold, 11.1, 12.1
Landau, Lev, 4.1, 4.2
language of theories of external reality
Laughlin, Greg
Layzer, David
Leavitt, Henrietta Swan
Lemaître, Georges, 3.1, 3.2
lepton number
leptons
Level I multiverse
definition of, 6.1, 6.2t
inflation as source of
in multiverse hierarchy, 12.1, 12.2f
possibility of travel between universes in
unification with Level III multiverse, 8.1, 8.2f
Level I parallel universes
characteristics of
distribution of matter in
evidence for
likelihood of duplicated realities in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3f
locations of, 6.1, 12.1
scientific basis for, 6.1, 6.2
seed fluctuations in formation of
Level II multiverse
conceptual basis of, 6.1, 13.1
creation of
definition of, t
evidence for, 6.1, 6.2, 12.1
in multiverse hierarchy, 12.1, 12.2f
physics of, 6.1, 6.2
possibility of travel between universes in
Level III multiverse
definition of, 6.1t, 8.1
information content of
in multiverse hierarchy, 12.1, 12.2f
quantum mechanics as source of
unification with Level I multiverse, 8.1, 8.2f
Level III parallel universes
definition of
location of, 8.1, 12.1
Level IV multiverse, 12.1, 13.1
conceptual basis of
distribution of life in
evidence for
fundamental laws of physics in
illusion of complexity in
illusion of initial conditions in, 12.1, 12.2
illusion of randomness in
mapping, 12.1, 12.2f
Mathematical Universe Hypothesis and
modal realism theory and
in multiverse hierarchy, 12.1, 12.2f
qualifications of mathematical structures for membership in
simulated realities in, 12.1, 12.2
structure of
symmetries in
transcendent structure of
Lewis, David
life on Earth
cataclysmic geologic events as threats to
concern for larger Universe by
cosmic significance of, 13.1, 13.2
effects of gamma ray burst on
future heating of Sun and
human-caused threats to
human efforts to address existential threats to, 13.1, 13.2
meaning of
risk of asteroid collision and
strategies for protecting
see also duplicated lives in parallel universes
light
as electromagnetic wave
perception of, 9.1, 9.2
in quantum field theory
Linde, Andrei, 5.1f, 5.2n, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 6.2
lithium
Liu, Adrian
Livio, Mario
Lloyd, Seth
Lobachevsky, Nikolai
loop quantum gravity, 6.1, 7.1
Lorentz, Hendrik
Lorentz symmetry
Lorenz, Konrad
luminosity of celestial objects, 2.1, 2.2
Lupton, Robert, 4.1, 4.2f
Mach, Ernest
Machine Intelligence Research Institute
magnetic fields
Mandelbrot fractal, 12.1, 12.2f, 12.3
Many Worlds interpretation. see Everett interpretation
mathematical structures, 10.1, 11.1
classes of numbers as
complexity of
in Computable Universe Hypothesis
computationally generated, 12.1, 12.2
conceptual language and, 10.1, 10.2
contents of Universe as part of
definition of, 10.1, 10.2t
family tree of, 12.1, 12.2f
formal systems and, 12.1f, 12.2
graphs as
human experience as
in Level IV multiverse, 12.1, 12.2
locating self-aware entities in
in Mathematical Universe Hypothesis, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
properties of
qualifications of, for membership in Level IV multiverse
spacetime as
symmetry in
types of spaces as
Mathematical Universe Hypothesis, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2
absence of randomness in
alternative explanations
as basis for Level IV multiverse, 12.1, 12.2
characteristics of mathematical structures in
concept of initial conditions and