Mozambique, 17
Mponeng mine, 1–9, 12
author’s descent into, 3–7
ice required for, 7
“seismic events” in, 3
selection of miners for, 6–7
size of, 1–2
Mpumalanga province, 20
Muddy Waters, 184
Mundoro Mining Inc., 132–35
Munk, Gabriel, 98
Munk, Katharina, 98–99
Munk, Nina, 100–101
Munk, Peter, 97–106, 182–84
background of, 97–100
Barrick and, 99–100, 102–14
at Clairtone, 100–101
epiphany of, 101–2
Goldstrike and, 106, 109–12
gold trusts offered by, 103
Southern Pacific Hotel Corporation and, 101
Murderpedia.org, 173
Muslims, 198, 200, 213
Namibia, 17, 217
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 46
Nathanson, Mark, 201–2
Native Americans, 78, 79
Nature, 119
Nautilus Minerals, 228
Navy, U.S., 71, 72
Neolithic tomb, Varna, 22
Netherlands, 49–50, 58, 64, 72
Nevada, 78–93, 95–97
Carlin Trend in, 75–76, 81, 83–86, 96, 97
Goldstrike in, 106–7, 109–12
silver in, 47–48, 79, 80
Newmont Mining Corporation, 89, 92, 93, 95–96, 111
in failure to buy Goldstrike, 109–10
Goldstrike compared with, 107
News from Tartary (Fleming), 141
New York, N.Y., 51, 53, 54
New Yorker, 90
New York Stock Exchange, 219
New York Times, 69, 70, 72, 73, 158, 184
New Zealand, 119
Niani, 199
Niger River, 199
Nixon, Richard, 57, 64–75
Connally compared with, 66
gold standard rejected by, 70–75
inflation and, 64–65, 67, 68
wage and price controls and, 67, 68, 71
Nixon Shock, 74–75, 96
North Africa, 188
Nova Scotia, 101
Noye, Kenneth, 173–74
Observer (London), 72
oil, oil companies, 101, 104, 105–6, 113, 217
OKIMO, 219, 220
Ontario, 103, 144, 222
open-door policy, Chinese, 131, 135
open markets, 62, 64, 69
open-pit mining, 14, 132–33, 141–42
“open to depth” deposit, 141
Ophir, 201–2
options, 102, 165
Orapa diamond pipe, 209
ore, 8, 13, 16, 95–96, 105
fluxes, 91
at Goldstrike, 109, 111
invisible gold and, 84, 86, 88, 89, 91
recovery and, 107–9, 137, 144, 213
as rock, 12, 95, 107, 226
Summitville operation and, 136
use of term, 12
ornaments, 29, 33, 193
Osei Tutu I, 189–90
Oyu Tolgoi, 137, 228
Pachacuti Yupanqui, 28
Pacific Ocean, 27, 28, 30, 101, 228
Palmer, John (Goldfinger), 174
Pamplona, Spain, bull running in, 224
Pan African Resources, 20
Panama City, 27
P&O, 101
Pang Min, 116–18, 122, 148–50
panic, 96, 175, 176, 181
paper money, 43–44, 46, 50, 59, 75, 166
Paris, 50, 224
Park, Mungo, 203
Parliament, British, 45, 57
Paul, Ron, 75
Paulson, John, 2, 157, 158, 184–85
Pawlitschek, Martin, 195–98, 204, 205, 207
peace of mind, 181
Perry, Brian, 173, 174
Persian Gulf, 19
Peru, 27–40, 42
Asian voyagers to, 37
Phillips, Larry, 203
phyto-remediation, 119
Pizarro, Francisco, 27, 29–40
Pizarro, Hernando, 28, 32–33, 38, 39, 40
Pizarro, Pedro, 33
Placer Dome Inc., 129–30
placer miners, placer mining, 79, 83, 145
plants, gold prospecting and, 119
Polela, McIntosh, 17–19, 21
police, 9
British, 173–74
in China, 138, 139, 150
South African, 10, 15–21
Polo, Marco, 125
Popovich Hill, 92–93
Porter, Anna, 97, 98–99
Portugal, 188, 189, 199
pound, British, 44–45
poverty, the poor, 8, 9, 17, 229
of Mali Empire, 199
Pretoria, 16
price controls, 67, 68, 71
price fixing, 64, 178
prices:
agricultural, 53
commodity, 62, 97
fluctation in, 102
gold, see gold prices
gold standard and, 53, 55
inflation and, 64–65, 67, 68, 75
oil, 101, 113
silver, 45
pricing floor, 162
principal-to-principal basis, 154, 171
privateers, 41–42
prospecting, prospectors, 86–93, 95, 118–19
from the air, 205
in China, 118–19, 126–27, 145, 146–47
Pugliese, Bill, 203
“pump and dump” operations, 184
pumps, 142, 212–13, 217–18
put options, 165
pyrite (fool’s gold), 208
Qinghai province, 145, 146–47, 151
quartz, 206, 208
Quebec, 103–4
Queen’s Remembrancer, 175
Quick, Rod, 221
Quito, 39
Rademann, Randel, 3
radiometrics, 205
Randgold Resources, 204, 221–23, 225–26, 229
record players, 100
recovery of gold, 107–9, 137, 144, 148, 212–13
Red Back Mining, 222–23
Red Guards, 124, 126
refining, 119, 146, 149
reparations, 120
Republicans, 66, 67
Requirement, the, 34
Reuters, 163, 184
“risk-off,” 159
roads:
in Africa, 197, 206, 212
in China, 131, 138, 144
of Inca, 28, 30, 31, 36
Roberts, Arleda, 83
Roberts, Ralph Jackson, 77–87
autobiography of, 81–83
background of, 82–83
in Geological Survey, 78–81
at Gold Acres, 84, 89, 91
theory developed by, 79–80, 81, 85, 86–87, 90–91
Roberts Mountains, 82
Roberts Mountains thrust, 83, 91–92
Robinson, Brian, 172–74
rock:
Brisebois’s handling of, 208
dating of, 205
deep mining’s destabilization of, 3, 7
gold’s penetration of, 85, 89
of Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, 198
limestone, 80–81, 83–87, 89
magnetic material in, 205
oceanic, 79–80, 81, 83, 84
ore as, 12, 95, 107, 226
pillars, 13
quartz, 206, 208
shale, 81, 86, 87
rockbursts, 3
rock stress, reduction of, 7
Roman Empire, 119
Romania, 196
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 58–60, 71
Rothschild family, 52, 53, 54
Royal Mint, 175
Ruminavi, 39
Russia, 19, 71, 120, 162
Rwanda, 217
Sabodala gold mine, 196, 197, 204
Sacsayhuaman, 28–29
Sadiola, 202, 204
Sahara, 190, 201
Salt Lake City, Utah, 112
San Fermin festival, 224
San Francisco, Calif., 88, 201
San Francisco Californian, 47
Santa Monica, Calif., 158, 159
Scandinavian countries, 49
ScotiaMocatta, 169–70
Scotland, 57
Scotland Yard, 173, 174
scrap market, 173, 174
Seabrook, John, 90
secrecy, 153, 156–57, 164–66, 168–71, 175–80, 185
of Mali syndicate, 203, 204
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 155–56, 185
security costs, 19, 20
self-rescue, 3–4
Senegal, 188–89, 195–99, 204–13
liberalization of mining code in, 196, 204
Seville, 8, 42, 153
shale, 81, 86, 87
Shandong province, 116–24, 140, 148–49
Shanghai, 164
shear zone, 84–85
Sheba, Queen of, 215
Sheep Creek, 110
Shultz, George, 70
silver, 39, 43, 46, 82, 167
money, 44–45, 49–50
in Nevada, 47–48, 79, 80
ornaments, 33
paper money backed by, 44
plants and, 119
price of, 45
Sino-Forest Corporation, 184
Six-Mile Canyon, 79
slaves, 48–49, 188, 190, 200
smelting, 173
Smith, Sterling, 157
smugglers, smuggling, 18–19, 121
Société Générale, 169–70
soft lock agreement, 222–23
Solomon, King, 215
Soninké people, 188–89
Sonoma range, 78
Soreto, 211–12
Soros, George, 2, 157
South Africa, 1–22
China compared with, 115, 137
empowerment in, 11
gold mining in, 1–22, 102, 104
illegal miners and theft in, 8–22
threat to stability of, 9
South Deep mine, 4, 21
Southern Pacific Hotel Corporation, 101
South Korea, 162
Southwestern Resources Corp., 133
Soviet Union, 201, 202, 203
Sow, Djibril, 209–11
Spain, Spaniards, 25–45, 49, 174, 176
gold standard in, 50
horses of, 25, 31, 32, 34–35, 36
lack of money management in, 42–43
in Mexico, 26–27, 30, 42, 45
Nathanson’s map discovery in, 201
in Nevada, 78–79
in Peru, 27–40, 42
technological advantage of, 25
treasure ships of, 41–42, 153
SPDR Gold Shares, see Spider, the
spdrgoldshares.com, 167
speculation, 57, 64, 68, 75, 154, 158, 181–82
Spider, the (SPDR Gold Shares), 154–57, 166–68
Paulson’s move from, 185
Springs, 12–16
Standard mine, 88, 89, 92
steel, 137, 142
Stein, Herbert, 67–68, 71–72
stock, stock market, 48, 51, 74, 101, 159, 166, 185, 222–24, 227
gold, 96–97, 102, 104, 133, 134, 135, 184, 219
gold compared with, 155
margin calls and, 181
in Toronto Exchange, 220
Stonehenge, 183–84
stress tests, 179
Sudanese bandits, 223
sulfide lattice, 107, 109
sulfides, 150, 228
sulfuric acid, 146
Summitville, Colo., 136
Sundiata Keita, 199
suspicion, 166, 176, 181
Sutter’s Mill, 47, 49
swaps, 176–80, 185
Switzerland, 58, 64, 203
Munk in, 97, 99, 101–2
swords, 25
Szechuan province, 130
Tambacounda, 197
Tasiast gold discovery, 222, 224
Tawantinsuyu, 30
taxi wars, Durban, 10
technology, 25, 48, 127, 155, 162, 216
of faking gold, 181n
tectonic collision, 80–81
Telegraph (London), 173, 177
television, 56, 72–75, 100, 158
temperature, 5–6, 7, 149, 186, 202
Teranga Gold Corporation, 196, 204–13
termite mounds, 209
Texaco, 105–6
thermometers, 186
thieves, theft, 8, 12, 14, 16–20
amount of, 18–21
Brink’s-Mat Ltd. and, 172–75
in China, 119, 123, 145, 148, 149
of Spaniards, 34
13F filings, 156–57, 185
Thomson Reuters GFMS, 115
Thracian Treasures, 22
thulite (rosaline), 82
Tibet, 145, 151
tin, 226
Tivat, 183
Tokyo, 74
Toronto, 184, 196, 219, 220, 222, 224, 228
Toronto Globe and Mail, 101
Toronto Stock Exchange, 220
Toussaint, Jason, 157
trade, 44, 54, 62
in Africa, 188, 189, 190, 225
gold, 153–57, 161–71, 175, 188, 190, 225, 227
international, 42–43, 45
trade deficits, 46, 50–51, 63
transaction costs, 62
travel costs, 101
Treasure of the Sierra Madre, The (film), 92
Treasury, British, 163
Treasury, U.S., 59, 62, 70, 72
bimetallism and, 45
Connally at, 66–68, 70, 74
gold price and, 60, 72
gold reserves of, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 63, 70
Treasury bills, U.S., 160
Treweek, Harry, 91, 92
Trial of the Pyx, 175
Triassic rock, 80
Tripoli, 164
Tropical Storm Meari, 116
Trouw, Herbie, 12–15
trucks, at mining sites, 141, 142
trusts, gold, 103, 104
Tsinghua University, 125
Tully, Edel, 176–77
Tumbrez, 29
tungsten, 226
tungsten-alloy fakes, 181
Tupac Yupanqui, 28
turquoise, 78, 79, 91
Tuscarora range, 92–93, 110
Uganda, 215–18
unallocated accounts, 180
underground railway engine accident, 4
United Nations, 19, 216, 225
United States, 44–76, 183
Barrick in, 104–6, 109–12
bimetallic system in, 45
Bretton Woods and, 61–64
California gold rush in, 47–49, 79, 201
Dodd-Frank Act and, 225–26
gold standard and, 44, 50–56, 58–65, 68–75, 96
imports of, 64, 65, 74–75
Louisiana purchased by, 45–46
national debt of, 62, 165–66
output decline of, 62
paper money in, 50, 59
Roosevelt era in, 58–60, 71
trade deficit of, 50–51, 63
wage and price controls in, 67, 68, 70
United States Geological Survey, 78–81, 151
uranium, 126, 217
Utah, 104–5, 112
Vaal Reefs gold mine, 4
Valley of the Kings, 187
Valverde, Vicente de, 34
Vancouver, 129, 133, 144, 222
Vanderburg, William, 84, 85–86, 89
Vanity Fair, 100–101
Varna Museum, 22
Venice, 182–83
Vietnamese, 37
Vietnam War, 62, 64, 111
village cooperatives, 149
Vinson, Fred M., 61
violence, 9, 15, 17, 18, 104
in Congo, 216, 217, 226
Virginia City, Nev., 79
Volcker, Paul, 70
Wagadu Empire, 188, 190
wage controls, 67, 68, 71
Wales, 45
Walker, Donald, 205
Wall Street Journal, 177
Washington, D.C., 53, 69, 70, 156
wealth, 8, 59, 228
in China, 115, 117, 124
of Inca Empire, 28, 30
of Mali Empire, 199, 200
Spanish, 42–43
Wei Zhongxian, 120
Welkom, 18
Wenyu mine incident, 148
Whaples, Robert, 49
White House, 53, 68
White House Military Office, 71
Willow Creek gold mine, 78–81, 83, 84
windows, geologic, gold and, 77, 81, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 198
Winnemucca, Nev., 78, 79
Witwatersrand, 12
see also Aurora gold mine; Mponeng mine
women, illegal mining and, 8
Wood, “Bad Brad,” 9–16
World Bank, 44, 62
World Congress of Soil Science, 119
World Gold Council (WGC), 151, 152, 155–63
World War II, 59–62, 81, 88, 121–22, 123
Hungarian Jews and, 97–99
Wyoming, 80
Xinjiang Uygur, 145
Yaa Asantewaa, 195
Yaa Asantewaa War, 195
yachts, 182–83
Yantai, 116–17, 151
Yellowstone National Park, 109
Yom Kippur War, 101
YouTube, 100
Yunnan, 133, 184
zama-zama (illegal miner), 14–15, 19
Zhaoyuan, 122–23, 149
Zhou Enlai, 124
Zhou Mingbao (Emily), 125–26
Zhu Fengsan, 121, 125–27
Zimbabwe, 17, 217
Zoellick, Robert, 44
Zuma, Jacob, 10–11
Zuma, Khulubuse, 11
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hart, Matthew, date.
Gold : the metal that seduced the human race / Matthew Hart.
pages cm
1. Gold—History. 2. Gold mines and mining—History. 3. Money—History. I. Title.
HG289.H326 2013
322.4'22209—dc23 2013016337
ISBN 978-1-4516-5002-0
ISBN 978-1-4516-5011-2 (ebook)