The literature on James Cook is vast and no one now can read it all. The Explorations of Captain James Cook in the Pacific: As Told by Selections of His Own Journals 1768–1779 edited by Grenfell Price (Dover, 1971) is my source for direct quotations. The Trial of the Cannibal Dog by Anne Salmond (Allen Lane/Penguin Books, 2003) was consulted. The quote from the Book of Job is a part of the inscription on a monument to Cook erected by Admiral Sir Hugh Palliser in the park of his house ‘the Vache’ at Chalfont St Giles, England.
Georg H. von Langsdorff in Voyages and Travels in Various Parts of the World During the Years 1803–7 (1813) begins the tale of Jean Cabri, which is later taken up by various others, including Greg Dening in Islands and Beaches: Discourse on a Silent Land: Marquesas 1774–1880 (University of Hawai‘i Press, 1980). The story of Bellingshausen’s parrots is told in an appendix to Alan Moorehead’s The Fatal Impact (The Reprint Society, 1967).
VI. LOST TRIBES
The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks is available online here: http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0501141h.html. The French Explorers and the Aboriginal Australians, 1772–1839 by Colin Dyer (University of Queensland Press, 2005) is the major source for my retellings of Tasmanian encounters. Joseph-Marie Degérando’s book has been published in English translation as The Observation of Savage Peoples (Routledge, 1969). Victorian Anthropology by George W. Stocking Jr (Free Press, 1987) summarises contemporary nineteenth-century attitudes and includes a scarifying epilogue: ‘The Extinction of Paleolithic Man’. The Aboriginal Tasmanians by Lyndall Ryan was published by University of Queensland Press in 1981 and again in a revised edition in 1997.
The standard biography of Marsden is by Sandy Yarwood: Samuel Marsden: The Great Survivor (MUP, 1977, 1996). A curious addition to the corpus is Samuel Marsden: Altar Ego by Richard Quinn (Dunmore, 2008), a sustained polemic against the flogging parson himself and anyone else who may have written kindly about him. Mr Quinn is now writing a revisionist history of the Boyd massacre. Narrative of Voyage to New Zealand by J. L. Nicholas was republished in an undated two-volume facsimile edition by Wilson and Horton; I have had a copy for many years now. Like William Yate’s An Account of New Zealand, introduced by Judith Binney (Irish University Press, 1970), it includes material on both Marsden and Ruatara, as does Binney’s own book, A Legacy of Guilt: A Life of Thomas Kendall (AUP/OUP, 1968). Ruatara’s entry in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand can be found at: www.teara.govt.nz/1966/R/Ruatara/Ruatara/en.
M. P. K. Sorrenson’s Maori Origins and Migrations (AUP/OUP, 1979), subtitled The Genesis of Some Pakeha Myths and Legends is a brief and entertaining introduction to the sustained silliness of certain currents of European thought represented in my essay. ‘Hauhau’: The Pai Marire Search for Maori Identity by Paul Clark (AUP/OUP, 1975) is an excellent account of events in Taranaki and elsewhere in the 1860s and includes Pai Mārire documents and art works.
A research group at Sydney University is preparing a monograph upon the history of terra nullius which, it is to be hoped, will bring together many scattered sources under one cover. There is a summary here: www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/history/research/projects/fitzmaurice_terra.shtml#collab. More about the Proclamation of Governor Bourke may be found here: www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibitions/objectsthroughtime/objects/bourketerra/. The story of Alan Wolf and his Aboriginality or lack thereof appeared in The Australian on 30 June 2008.
VII. ULIMAROA, YONAGUNI & OTHER ENIGMAS
‘About Paradise Parrots and Other Australian Legends of Place and Identity’ is a longish essay by Paul Carter published in Haiku Review #3: www.haikureview.net/node/32. Most if not all of the voluminous writings of Madame Blavatsky are accessible online via this link: http://isisunveiled.net/. Queen M’oo and the Egyptian Sphinx by Augustus Le Plongeon was published by the author in 1896 and has been digitised. James Churchward’s The Lost Continent of Mu was recently (2007) republished by Adventures Unlimited Press in Illinois.
For the Kerguelen Plateau, see: www.ga.gov.au/oceans/sa_Kergln.jsp; and also: www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Kerguelen_Plateau. J. R. Mooneyham’s vast and arcane speculations are here: www.jmooneyham.com/anthis.html. In Search of Ancient New Zealand by Hamish Campbell and Gerard Hutching (Penguin, 2007) includes a detailed, if somewhat distracted, discussion of the lost continent of Zealandia. Daniel Djurberg’s 1797 map showing Australia as Ulimaroa can be viewed here: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm2366. The possible origins of the Araucanian hen are explored here: www.gbwf.org/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=4258. The tradition that a canoe from Kiribati visited South America comes from Migrations, Myth and Magic from the Gilbert Islands: Early Writings of Sir Arthur Grimble, by Arthur and Rosemary Grimble (Routledge, 2004).
The Desert Sea: The Miracle of Lake Eyre in Flood, by Vincent Serventy (Macmillan, 1985), gives some of the history of Australia’s inland waters. In a radio talk in 2008 called The Water Dreamers Michael Cathcart suggests that it was rivers, not lakes or seas, that the early explorers were looking for: www.abc.net.au/rn/hindsight/stories/2008/2272369.htm. Stephen Oppenheimer’s Eden in the East: The Drowned Continent of Southeast Asia was first published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson in 1998. The official Graham Hancock website is here: www.grahamhancock.com/.
The Alfred Wallace quote is from his The Malay Archipelago (Periplus, 2000). Detail of monumental architecture in the Pacific is drawn from Man’s Conquest of the Pacific: The Prehistory of Southeast Asia and Oceania by Peter Bellwood (OUP, 1979).
VIII. AFTER EREWHON
An excerpt from Jeff Hopkins-Weise’s book Blood Brothers: The Anzac Genesis (Wakefield Press, 2009) was printed in the Australian Literary Review of 1 April 2009. Kingsley Amis’ afterword to Samuel Butler’s Erewhon or Over the Range appears in the Signet Classic edition of 1960.
The Sidney Nolan quotes are from Nolan on Nolan: Sidney Nolan in his own Words, edited by Nancy Underhill (Viking, 2007). Brian Adams’s Sidney Nolan: Such is Life (Century Hutchinson, 1987) is the only extant biography and is largely written out of conversations with the author. As such it is, like the man, both entertaining and unreliable. There are two large catalogues of retrospectives, Sidney Nolan: Landscapes and Legends, curated by Jane Clark at the National Gallery of Victoria (CUP, 1987), and Sidney Nolan, curated by Barry Pearce (AGNSW, 2007). T. G. Rosenthal’s monograph, Sidney Nolan, was published by Thames and Hudson in 2002.
The catalogue for Colin McCahon: A Question of Faith edited by Marja Bloem and Martin Brown (Craig Potton, 2002) includes both the Murray Bail and Francis Pound essays cited in the text; the extensive chronology in the back of the book is particularly good. Gordon Brown’s Colin McCahon: Artist (Reed, 1984, 1993), is more comprehensive but less accessible. As with Nolan, there are a number of exhibition catalogues that are useful; the two most significant are those for Colin McCahon: A Survey Exhibition curated by Ron O’Reilly at the Auckland City Art Gallery in 1972, which includes an extensive commentary by the artist on his own works; and that for the 1988 retrospective, Colin McCahon: Gates and Journeys, curated by Alexa Johnston at the same venue.
The National Gallery of Victoria in 2007 staged a major Gordon Bennett retrospective that toured subsequently to Brisbane and Perth; the catalogue for this show is an important resource on the artist, along with The Art of Gordon Bennett by Ian McLean and Gordon Bennett (Craftsman House, 1996). This includes Bennett’s long autobiographical essay. A Shane Cotton retrospective, Shane Cotton Survey 1993– 2003, was curated by Lara Strongman at Wellington’s City Gallery and accompanied by a monograph (VUP/City Gallery, 2003). The rongo rongo speculation comes from Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island by Steven Roger Fischer (Reaktion Books, 2005).
Marian Maguire has an artist’s page here: www.papergraphica.co.nz/artist_detail.asp?id=22; which includes links to images of her works. The Robert Duncan quotes are from ‘A Poem Beginning With A Line By Pindar’ in The Opening of the Field (Grove Press, 1960). Fiona Hall: Force Field (2008) was curat
ed by Gregory O’Brien, Paula Savage and Vivienne Webb as a partnership between the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, and City Gallery, Wellington. A monograph accompanied the exhibition. Julie Ewington’s Fiona Hall came out from Piper Press in 2005. The possibility that When my boat comes in … may appear in book form was told to me by the artist during a conversation we had in baggage claim at Sydney Airport in July 2008.
INDEX
Aboriginal Australians, 92, 115, 121, 126, 127, 156, 159, 164–68, 168, 169, 183–87, 199–200, 237
Acapulco, 86, 89, 108, 111, 115, 135
Ackroyd, Peter, 95
Africa, 10, 23, 26–28, 29–30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 55, 61, 62, 70, 72, 77, 80, 114, 131, 156, 174, 180, 182, 191, 192, 194, 223
Afrikaansche Galei (ship), 134, 135, 136
Ahutoru, 144, 145–46, 153, 162
al-Din, Rashid, 47–48
Jami al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), 47–48
Alexander the Great, 10, 24, 25, 28, 54
Alexandria, 10, 31, 207, 210
Alfraganus of Baghdad, 40
Elements of Astronomy on the Celestial Motions, 40
Alighieri, Dante, 32, 36, 37–41, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 98, 114, 191, 215, 216, 220, 224
Divine Comedy, 37–41
alphabets, 2, 56, 94, 229
al-Sufi, ’Abd al-Rahman, Book of Fixed Stars, 129
Alvarez, Al, 215
Americas, the, 1, 22, 62, 63, 71, 72, 92, 174, 182
Amis, Kingsley, 214, 215
Amsterdam, 3, 5, 102, 110, 174
Angry Penguins (magazine), 221
Anjiro, 81–82
Anson, George, 134, 151
Antarctica, 31, 131, 149, 153–54, 155, 190, 191, 196, 198, 210, 223
antipodes, 1, 8, 10, 19, 31–32, 33, 38, 55, 57, 63, 114, 126, 167, 211, 220, 236, 243–45; see also Great South Land
ANZACs, 213, 215
Arabian Peninsula, 24, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 61
Arioi, 138–39, 143, 157, 197
Armada de Molucca, 71, 72, 73, 78
Assyria, 11, 27, 174
Atkinson, A. S., 181
Atlantic Ocean, 3, 20, 21, 23, 28, 33, 38, 72, 75, 98, 113, 119, 130, 131, 132, 134, 146, 149, 150, 151, 193
Atlantis, 9, 10, 19–22, 23–24, 25, 26, 99, 182, 189, 192, 210, 244; see also Plato; Bacon, Francis
Australia, 4, 60, 63, 89, 91, 92, 101–02, 108, 110, 115, 120–21, 122, 126–27, 147, 149, 154, 155, 156, 158–59, 16–61, 163, 164–68, 168–69, 184–87, 188, 190, 191, 194, 195, 197, 198–99, 200–01, 202, 204, 212, 213–14, 215–24, 225, 227, 237, 243
Australia Felix, 212, 243; see also Parrots, Land of
Avery, John (‘Long Ben’), 112, 120
Babylon/Babylonians, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 24, 27, 28, 31, 53, 174, 177, 179, 194, 210
Bacon, Francis (1561–1626), 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 126, 194
Natural History, 98, 99, 100
The New Atlantis, 92, 97–100, 194
Bacon, Francis (1909–92), 223
Bail, Murray, 227
Banks, Joseph, 90, 110, 126, 128, 139, 149–50, 153, 157–58, 189, 196, 197
Baré, Jeanne, 144–45
Barreto, Doña Isabel, 86
Batavia, 101, 102, 103, 106, 108, 109, 123, 124, 149, 158, 197
Baudelaire, Charles, 152, 244
Voyage to Cythera, 152
Baudin, Nicholas, 161, 163, 164
Baxter, James K., 181, 225, 228, 230
Bay of Islands, 161, 170, 172, 175, 176, 197
Bayer, Johann, Uranometria, 130
Beaglehole, Ernest, 197
Becker, Ludwig, 167
Bell, George, 219
Bellew, Peter, 219
Bellingshausen, Thaddeus, 128, 153–55, 159
Bellwood, Peter, Man’s Conquest of the Pacific, 209
Benjamin, Walter, 5
Bennett, Gordon, 212, 237
Haptic Painting Explorer (The Inland Sea), 237
Bennett, Josephine, 51, 52
The Rediscovery of John Mandeville, 51
Bent, Thomas, 243
Bible, the, 13, 18, 35, 43, 60, 70, 96, 99, 100, 142, 150, 156, 159, 169, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 222, 228, 229, 232, 233, 244
Blackburn, Justice, 185–86
Blavatsky, Madame (Elena van Hahn), 192–93
Bligh, William, 114
Blisset, Luther, 79
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 162, 164
Bonnefoy, Jean, see Baré, Jeanne
Borges, Jorge Luis, 9
Botany Bay, 126, 144, 158, 159, 164
Bourke, Richard, 185, 186
Boyd, Arthur, 228
Bracken, Thomas, ‘God Defend New Zealand’, 243
Brazil, 63, 72, 96, 119, 122, 123, 132, 190
Britten, Benjamin, 223
Brome, Richard, The Antipodes, 57
Brown, Gordon, 230
Brown, John Macmillan, 181–82
Maori and Polynesian, 181–82
Brunton, Alan, 5, 244
Buchman, Frank, 226–27; see also Oxford Goup
Bungaree, 164, 184 253
Burdett, Basil, 217, 219
Buridan, Jean, 55–56
Burke, Robert O’Hara, 224, 237
Burma, 45, 81, 81, 83, 201
Butler, Samuel, 212, 214–15, 240–41
Erewhon, 214, 215
The Way of All Flesh, 214
Byron, John, 128, 133, 134–35, 147
Cabral, Pedro Álvares, 190–91
Cabri, Jean, 152–53
Callao, 85, 86, 87
Cape of Good Hope, 62–63, 75, 101, 120, 131, 132, 147, 172, 191
Cape Verde Islands, 33, 63, 72, 76, 113
Carlos I, King (Spain) (later Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), 70, 71, 78
Caroline Islands, 63, 87, 209, 210
Carteret, Philip, 136
Caselberg, John, 227
Cassander of Macedon, 24–25
Cebu, 68, 74, 75, 76, 78
Ceylon, 18, 24, 33, 45, 58, 64, 108, 194; see also Sri Lanka
Chatham Islands (Rēkohu), 38, 179, 195, 197
Chatwin, Bruce, In Patagonia, 58
China, 30, 33, 44, 47, 57, 58, 61, 62, 65–67, 68, 79, 80, 83, 98, 102, 103, 115, 140, 146, 201, 204, 207, 236
Christianity, 25, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 49, 50, 62, 64, 66, 74, 78, 79, 82, 86, 90, 96–97, 98, 99, 103, 154, 159, 168, 173, 176–77, 179, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232
Churchward, James, 193–94
Clark, Kenneth, 222, 223, 224
Cochin, 64, 65, 80, 81
Colenso, William, 176
Coleridge, Samuel, Rime of the Ancient Mariner, 152
colonisation, 4, 9, 84–86, 98, 132, 140, 163, 166, 174, 183, 184, 223, 238
Columbus, Christopher, 1, 55, 69, 70, 95
Commerson, Philibert, 141, 144–45
Constantinople, 41, 42, 53, 62
Cook Islands, 88, 149, 197
Cook, James, 74, 90, 106, 110, 114, 119, 126, 132, 136, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147–52, 153, 154, 157–59, 177, 183, 196–97, 198, 200, 240, 241
Cook, John, 113
Cortesão, Armando, 67, 68
Cotton, Shane, 212, 231, 237–39, 240
Courtney, Stephen, 123
Crates of Mallus, 31–32, 33
Crete, 23, 25, 70, 214
Critias, 19–21, 22
Crozet, Julien, 161
Cygnet (ship), 114, 115
da Gama, Vasco, 31, 62, 80
Dampier, Judith, 113, 123
Dampier, William, 92, 111–16, 117–27, 130, 132, 133, 134, 147, 152, 153, 156
A New Voyage Around the World, 117–18, 125, 126
A Voyage to New Holland etc. in the Year 1699, 122, 125
Voyages and Descriptions, 118, 125
Darien, 73, 75, 113
Darwin, Charles, 1, 114, 126, 180, 215
Davis Land, 134, 150, 189
Davis, Edward, 134
de Balboa, Vasco Núñez, 73
de Bougainville, Hyacinthe, 163
de Bougainville, Louis-Antoine, 140–42, 143, 144, 145, 146, 152, 163
de Brosses, Charles, Histoire des Navigations aux Terre Australes, 132, 133
de Camoens, Luís Vaz, 83–84
Parnasso de Luís de Camões, 84
The Lusiads, 83–84
de Cartagena, Juan, 71, 72, 73
de Courtonne, Canon Jean Paulmier, Memoirs Concerning the Establishment of a Christian Mission in the Austral Land, 133
de Gonneville, Binot Paulmier, 132–33
de la Reina, Padre Sanchez, 73
de Leiria, Inês, 66–67, 80
de Lozier Bouvet, Jean-Baptiste Charles, 133
de Mendaña, Álvaro, 85–87, 88
d’Entrecasteaux, Bruny, 163, 164
de Quirós, Pedro Fernández, 60, 86, 87–91
de Sade, Marquis Donatien Alphonse François, 142
de Sainson, Louis Auguste, 239–40
de Surville, Jean-François-Marie, 150–51
de Torres, Luis Vaez, 88, 89
Defoe, Daniel, 57, 92, 113, 117, 124, 126, 142
Robinson Crusoe, 92, 113, 117, 126, 142
Degérando, Joseph-Marie, Considerations on the Various Methods to Follow in the Observations of Savage Peoples, 161–63
del Cano, Juan Sebastián, 72, 75–76
Diderot, Denis, 143, 145
Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville, 142
Dire Straits, 3–4
Djurberg, Daniel, 197
Dolphin (ship), 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 147, 152
d’Outremeuse, Jean, 50, 51
Ly Myreur des Histors, 51
Drake, Francis, 72, 134
Dryden, John, The Conquest of Granada, 115
du Fresne, Marion, 146, 160–61, 163
Duncan, Robert, 241
d’Urville, Jules Dumont, 163, 167, 240
Dutch East India Company (VOC), 101, 103, 104, 108, 111
Dutch exploration, 90, 102–03, 110, 111, 133
Dutch West India Company, 133–34
Duyfken (ship), 89, 90
dystopias, 22, 24, 26, 228; see also utopias; Utopia
East Indies, 63, 87, 101, 114, 118, 136, 147, 242
Easter Island (Rapanui), 85, 134, 155, 182, 194, 197, 205, 209, 238