Online Read Free Novel
  • Home
  • Romance & Love
  • Fantasy
  • Science Fiction
  • Mystery & Detective
  • Thrillers & Crime
  • Actions & Adventure
  • History & Fiction
  • Horror
  • Western
  • Humor

    Lesser Beasts: A Snout-to-Tail History of the Humble Pig

    Page 30
    Prev Next


      Niman Ranch, 243–245

      Nomadic peoples, 55–56

      North America

      colonization by Spanish pigs, 126–127

      supplying salt pork to South America, 128–129

      See also Colonial New England; Corn Belt; Pioneers

      North Atlantic Drift Current, 78

      The Odyssey, 13

      Oil development, 209

      Old English hog, 114

      Olive oil, 87

      Olmsted, Frederick Law, 149–150, 170–171

      Omnivore’s Dilemma (Pollan), 222

      Omnivorous appetite

      domestication, 29, 40–41

      humans’ anxiety over scavenging, 11–13

      humans’ similarities to pigs, 17

      killer pigs, 97–98

      mad cow disease, 222

      pig trials resulting from, 97

      pigs’ adaptation and evolution, 22–23

      On Cooking, 69–70

      Open-range ranching

      American South, 185–187

      Corn Belt farmers, 157

      early Native Americans, 140–143

      early North American pigs, 137–140

      global meat trade, 179

      Ordinances governing pigs, 95–96, 101

      Organ meats, 176

      Organic

      European Union standard, 242

      US Department of Agriculture standard), 243

      Orwell, George, 5, 46

      Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 14

      Ossabaw breed, 250

      The “other white meat,” pork as, 207–208, 210(fig.), 218–219, 247. See also Pork

      Overlaying, 217

      Ovid, 83

      Paleolithic tribes, 78

      Palestine, appearance of pigs in, 150

      Pasture access, 244–245

      Peace (Aristophanes), 50–51

      Peasant class. See Social class

      Peccaries, 16, 19–20, 122

      Perissodactyla, 18–20

      Persian conquest, 63

      Petronius, 65–66

      Pets, 33, 36–37, 189

      Pew Charitable Trusts, 241

      Pharmaceutical companies: antibiotic production, 212

      Philistines, 150

      Phoebus, Gaston, 83

      Pig clubs, 190

      Pig park study, 237–238

      Pigsty-privy combination, 49–51

      Pioneers, 145–151, 154–158

      Pizarro, Francisco, 125–126

      Plantation economy, 187

      Pliny the Elder, 5, 9

      Plow, invention of, 45

      Plutarch, 70–71

      Poland China breed, 160–161, 209

      Pollan, Michael, 222

      Porchetta di testa, 254

      Pork

      attitudes toward pork, 68, 197, 199–206, 218, 247–248

      barreled pork, 175

      consumption of

      dietary laws, religious

      etymology of, 105

      flavor similar to that of human flesh, 100–101

      marketing, 197, 200–202, 207–208, 245–246

      nutritional value, 6–7

      pickled pork, 175–176, 178

      and sex, 110–111, 252

      shock value of, 251–252

      smoked pork, 9, 85–86, 175

      symbol of Christian faith, 93–95, 103–104

      the “other white meat,” 207–208, 210(fig.), 218–219, 247

      See also Bacon; Cured meats; Ham; Headcheese; Lard; Sausage; Social Class

      Pork prohibitions, 10, 13–14, 51, 53–55, 59–60, 91–94, 98–103, 142

      Pork packing industry

      automation of, 170–173

      by-product utilization, 173–177

      corporate agriculture and the consolidation of farms, 224–225

      public dissatisfaction, 197–202

      slaughter and shipping, 168–170

      Porkettes, 205–206

      Potatoes, European cultivation of, 179

      Poultry

      as pork competitor, 207–208

      global production and consumption boom, 235–236

      increasing consumption, 218

      increasing production in developing countries, 235–236

      mechanized production, 213–215

      Property, pigs as, 89–90, 138–139

      Punic Wars, 69

      Puritans, pork, and sex, 110–111

      Purity laws, Jewish, 57–58

      Pyramids, 43–44, 48

      Railroads, 162, 185

      Raleigh, Walter, 131

      Raleigh News and Observer, 222

      Ramses III, 51

      Reconquista (Spain), 102

      Regulation, 197–199

      Religious traditions

      forced conversion of Muslims and Jews, 102–103

      Mesopotamian culture, 45

      pigs as filthy animals, 51

      punishing animals, 96–97

      reasons for meat regulations, 13–14

      Western civilizations’ condemnation of pigs, 10

      See also Christianity

      Renaissance

      Dark Ages and, 77–78

      modern bacon festival, 252

      pigs’ similarity to humans, 13–14

      pork defining status, 106–110

      sex and pork, 110–111

      Res nullius (empty things), 134

      Research, scientific, 237–238

      Richard III (Shakespeare), 95

      Rickets, 214

      River Cottage Meat Book (Fearnley-Whittingstall), 255

      Rollin, Bernard, 233–234

      Roman Empire See also Pork dole, Roman, 71–72, 74, 163–164

      agriculture, 72–74

      boars in myths, 83

      conquest of Palestine, 63–64

      curing pork, 86

      Dark Ages following the fall of, 77–78

      medieval European culture and, 82–85

      pig breeding, 73–76

      pig drives, 163–164

      pork-based cuisine, 65–66, 68–72

      Roosevelt, Theodore, 199

      Root vegetables, 22

      Ruminants, 20, 22

      Sacrifice, ritual, 56, 67, 68(fig.), 75

      Salian Franks, 80

      Salt, curing meat with, 85–86, 169

      Salt-food industry, 113, 140, 178

      Sanitation

      cholera resulting from contamination, 184

      confined pig farming, 215

      domestication of pigs and other animals, 40–41

      manure lagoons, 225–226

      medieval European cities’ ban on pigs, 95–96

      New York’s hog population, 181–183

      pig’s contribution to, 49–51

      urbanization and, 49

      See also Scavenging

      Satyricon (film), 65–66, 74

      Sausage, 1, 65, 69, 109–110, 128, 176, 196–197, 256

      Saxons, 105–106

      Scavenging

      Christian view of pigs, 91

      Corn Belt hog raising, 157–158

      domestication of the pig, 40–41

      feeding pigs garbage, 203–204

      human anxiety over, 11–12

      Jewish pork prohibition, 55

      medieval European cities’ ban on pigs, 95–96

      Nile delta food-provisioning system, 44–45

      pigs’ consumption of agricultural by-products, 111, 112(fig.), 113

      pigs’ contribution to sanitation, 49–51

      Roman sanitation practices, 75

      urban pigs, 181–182

      wild boars, 38

      wolves, 36–37

      See also Sanitation

      Schell, Orville, 222

      Schlosser, Eric, 222

      Scientific American magazine, 215–216

      Scott, Walter, 105–106

      Scully, Matthew, 249

      Self-domestication of pigs, 36

      Self-sufficiency of pigs, 7

      Seneca, 71

      Sex, pork and, 110, 252

      Shakespeare, William, 95, 110

      Sheep

     
    Anglo-Saxon settlements, 151

      Artiodactyla, 18–19

      by-products, 8

      colonial American agriculture, 136

      disease transmitted by, 57

      domestication of, 33–34, 40

      driving, 163

      Europe after the Black Death, 111

      European migration, 79–81, 84

      global mutton production, 179

      Jewish dietary laws, 59

      lack of intelligence, 22–23

      Latin American conquest, 128

      linguistic history, 106

      Near East farming, 28, 32, 44, 46–48, 51–52

      ritual sacrifice, 68(fig.)

      Roman culture, 69, 72–73, 75

      temperament of, 13

      Sherman Antitrust Act (1902), 198

      Shuanghui International, 236

      The Simpsons (television program), 9

      Sinclair, Upton, 173–174, 195–196

      Slatted floors, 214–215, 226, 231, 250

      Slaughtering, 189(fig.)

      home slaughter, 190–193

      industrialization of, 165, 168

      literary reference to, 191–192

      of a beloved pig, 189–191

      public suspicion of Chicago meatpackers, 197–202

      slaughterhouse conditions, 195–197

      tainting the public image of pork, 248

      See also Pork packing industry

      Smell, pigs’ sense of, 20–21

      Smith, Adam, 111, 170

      Smithfield Foods, 223–224, 236, 241, 245

      Snout, 20–21, 238

      Social behavior of pigs, 238–239

      Social class

      economic impact of closing the Southern states’ open range, 187–188

      equating the lower class with pigs, 183

      global meat trade improving working class nutrition, 179–180

      New York’s hog wars, 181–182

      pork as the meat of the poor, 4, 12, 45, 48, 56, 109–110, 115, 180–193, 200, 205

      Somatosensory cortex, 20–21

      South America

      beef and mutton production, 179

      colonization by Spanish pigs, 123–126

      corn-fed stock, 155

      switching from pigs to cattle and sheep, 151

      Soybeans, 211–212, 214, 227–228, 236–237

      Spain

      Columbian exchange, 119–123

      conquest in the Western Hemisphere, 123–127, 148(fn)

      English colonization and, 131–132

      ownership of American lands, 134

      pork as a symbol of faith, 101–103

      Spice trade, 84–85

      Squanto, 133

      Status, pork defining, 106–109

      Stereotypic behavior in confinement farms, 230

      Stolba, Alex, 237–239

      Sty pigs, 114, 116–117, 188

      Subsidies, farm: confinement operations, 227–228

      Sugarcane production, 128–129

      Suidae, 24–25

      Sumptuary laws, 71, 252–253

      Sus scrofa, 25, 28–29, 30(fig.), 35–36, 78, 147–148

      Sus scrofa domesticus, 79, 127, 147–148

      Sweat glands, pigs’ lack of, 92–93

      Swine, etymology of, 105

      Taboos against pork consumption. See Cleanliness; Religious traditions

      Taino people, 120–122

      Tainted meat, 198–199

      Talbott, Chuck, 246

      Tamworth breed, 208, 245, 250

      Tankage, 176

      Tapeworms, 50–51

      Taurus Mountains, Turkey, 27

      Taxes

      paying for confinement farming, 227–228

      Roman pig tax, 71

      Taxonomic anomaly, pigs as, 55

      Tayassuidae, 24–25

      Teeth

      grass eaters, 19

      pigs’ compared to cows’, 19–20, 21(fig.)

      similarity of porcine to human, 15–17, 17(fig)

      tusks, 24, 84

      Telegraph, 170

      Tell Halif, Israel, 47

      Temperament of leaner pigs, 219

      Tesco supermarkets, 246

      Theodore of Tarsus, 94–95

      Tobacco production, 136

      Toby the learned pig, 6(fig.)

      Tribal cultures, 106

      Trichinosis, 56–57, 202–204

      Trollope, Frances, 150, 167–168

      Truffle sows, 5

      Turkey, 27–28

      Uncleanness of pork. See Cleanliness

      Ungulates, 18–20, 22

      Varro, 73, 86

      Vegetable oils replacing lard, 209

      Vegetarianism

      ancient diets, 68

      animal welfare and, 248, 250

      biblical, 58–59

      Venison, 85, 137. See also Deer

      Verrazzano, Giovanni da, 133

      Vertical integration, 224

      Vices and pig welfare, 229–230

      Virgin-soil epidemic, 123

      Visigoths, 101–102

      Vitamin B12, 212

      Vitamin D, 214

      Warren Wilson College, North Carolina, 3

      Warthogs, 24

      Washington, George, 159–160

      Waste disposal, 226

      The Wealth of Nations (Smith), 111, 170

      Welfare pig, 242

      Whiskey, corn production and, 156

      White, E. B., 12–13, 189–190

      White pigs, Roman, 74–76

      Whole Foods, 242–243

      Whole-animal utilization, 254–256

      Wild boars, 4, 25, 28–29, 30(fig.), 37–38. See also Feral swine

      Wilder, Laura Ingalls, 149, 151

      Wildfowl, 108–109

      Willamette Valley, Oregon, 145, 147

      William the Conqueror, 105–106

      Williams, Roger, 134–135, 137, 142

      Willis, Paul, 243–244

      Winthrop, John, 133–134

      Woburn breed, 159–160

      Wodehouse, P. G., 189

      Wolves, 36–38

      Wood, William, 133

      Wood-Gush, David, 237–239

      Woodlands Pork, 246

      Wool industry, 111

      Working class. See Social class

      Yule, 80

     

     

     



    Prev Next
Online Read Free Novel Copyright 2016 - 2025