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    The Invisible Emperor

    Page 41
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      surrender of, xviii

      French Revolution, 5, 34, 157–58

      Gabelle fort, 249, 250

      Garciá Marquez, Gabriel, 285n

      Gazette de France, 192

      General in His Labyrinth, The (Garciá Marquez), 285n

      Genoa, 187, 252

      Ghent, Treaty of, 188

      Golfe-Juan, France, 217, 218, 263, 269

      Napoleon’s landing at, 248–51

      Gopnik, Adam, 304n, 307n

      Gorgona Island, 230, 234, 246

      Gottmann, Major, 110–11

      Gourgaud, Gaspard, Baron, 128–29, 245, 249–50, 295n

      Grasse, France, 251

      Grasshopper, HMS, 115, 122

      Grattan, Henry, 236–37, 237n, 239–40

      Great Britain:

      and choice of Elba for Napoleon’s exile, 8, 287n–88n

      cost of Napoleonic Wars to, 289n, 305n

      Great St. Bernard Pass, 55

      Greece, in war with Algiers, 137

      Grenoble, 189, 261, 269

      Gualandi (mayor of Rio), 66

      Guizot, François, 145–46

      Hazareesingh, Sudhir, 268

      Herold, J. Christopher, 278, 279, 315n

      Hitler, Adolf, 272

      Hobhouse, John Cam, 61, 194–95, 295n, 320n

      on Campbell’s character, 264–65

      on Napoleon’s ordinariness, 26

      Hobsbawm, Eric, 292n

      Holland, Baroness, 166

      House of Commons, British, 330n

      Hugo, Victor, 269, 270

      Hundred Days, 19, 267, 268

      Hurault de Sorbée, Captain, 131–32

      Hussey, Andrew, 314n

      Hyde de Neuville, Jean-Guillaume, Baron, 113–14

      Campbell’s meeting with, 168

      on possibility of Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 168–69

      Imperial Guard, 62–63

      see also Old Guard

      Inconstant (corvette), 24, 32, 75, 80, 82, 91, 110, 131, 132, 134, 185–86, 199, 204, 206, 213–14, 221, 223, 226, 236, 240, 251, 304n

      in escape from Elba, 228–29, 230–35

      food supplies loaded onto, 209

      guns and shells loaded onto, 168, 175

      near wreck of, 186–87, 320n

      repairs to, 196

      Tunisian corsair’s contact with, 153, 172

      Zéphir’s encounter with, 233–34, 325n

      Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique, 29

      islands, as exile sites, 10, 289n–90n

      Italy, Campbell’s trips to, 112–16, 133–34, 137–38, 141, 153, 167, 183, 187, 202–3, 208–11, 221, 252–53, 264

      Jerzmanowski, Colonel, 234, 250, 264

      Joséphine, Empress of the French, 18, 90, 120

      death of, 83–84, 88, 128, 134, 311n–12n

      extravagance of, 315n

      final correspondence of Napoleon and, 84

      Napoleon’s divorce from, 42–43

      Journal des débats, 85, 87

      Junot, Madame, 84

      Knights of the Faith, 145, 314n

      Koller, Baron of Austria, 14, 70, 183, 187

      Kundztow, 200

      Łączyński, Teodor, 136

      Laffrey, France, 261–62, 269, 329n

      Lamouret, Captain, 249

      French capture of, 250–51

      Lapi, Dr., 66, 216, 227–28, 274

      Campbell’s meeting with, 237–38

      Las Cases, Emmanuel de, 269, 284n

      Leclerc, Charles, 291n

      Leipzig, battle of, 295n, 305n

      Letizia, 90

      Ligurian coast, 246, 264

      as Napoleon’s possible destination, 174, 240

      Lilti, Antoine, 314n

      Liverpool, Lord, 268, 284n, 287n–88n, 319n

      Livorno, 97–98, 108, 113, 115, 133, 141, 168, 171–72, 202, 203, 209, 217, 221, 230, 231, 239–40, 252, 256

      London, peace celebration in, 86

      London Gazette, 109, 167, 309n

      London Times, 264

      Louis XVI, King of France, 5

      execution of, 192, 287n

      Louis XVIII, King of France, 5, 69, 87, 113, 118, 143, 145–46, 154, 169, 172, 190, 192, 275, 300n–301n

      ailments of, 142

      caricatures of, 63

      Constitutional Charter granted by, 144, 147, 314n

      as constitutional monarch, 61

      in England, 59–60

      entry into Paris of, 61–63, 301n

      first post-coronation public appearance of, 146–47

      in flight from Paris, 255

      and Fontainebleau treaty terms, 289n

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 254, 257, 258

      payment of Napoleon’s promised pension denied by, 147, 164

      and possibility of Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 174

      returned to French throne, 268

      in 1791 flight from France, 59

      see also Bourbon restoration

      Louvre, 25

      Lucca, 113

      Macdonald, Marshal, 254

      MacKenzie, Norman, 301n, 306n–7n, 318n, 323n, 324n, 326n, 327n

      Macnamara, John, Napoleon’s meeting with, 194–95

      Macpherson, James, 291n

      Madame Mère, see Bonaparte, Letizia

      Malmaison, Château de, 43, 83–84

      Mameluke mercenaries, as part of Napoleon’s Elba forces, 77

      Marat, Jean-Paul, 287n

      Marchand (valet), 157, 219, 235, 245, 248

      Marciana, Elba, 31, 105, 122, 135, 136

      Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 277–78

      Maret, Hugues-Bernard, duc de Bassano, 201

      Maria Ludovica, Empress Consort of Austria, 43

      Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, 42, 118, 287n

      Marie-Caroline, Queen of Naples, 118

      Marie Louise, Empress of the French (Duchess of Parma), 3, 6, 73, 116

      at Aix-des-Bains, 120–21, 130–31

      Bertrand’s letter to, 118

      childhood of, 42

      correspondence of Napoleon and, 17–18, 25, 41, 44, 46–47, 70, 104, 117, 118–19, 121, 129, 130–31, 132, 135, 267

      death of, 272

      honeymoon of, 45

      Italian territorial claims of, 17, 46, 163–64, 270

      Joseph Bonaparte’s reported sexual advances on, 47, 298n

      last letter to Napoleon from (undelivered), 181–82

      letters to Francis from, 270

      and Napoleon’s abdication, 287n

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 258

      and Napoleon’s surrender terms, 17

      Neipperg as escort to, 120–21, 130–31, 132, 138

      Neipperg’s affair with, 161–62

      Neipperg’s marriage to, 271

      in Parma, 271–72

      planned escape to Elba blocked by, 132

      pregnancy and childbirth of, 45–46

      in return to Vienna, 161–62

      in trip to Aix-les-Bains, 119–20

      in Vienna, 117–18

      wedding of Napoleon and, 45, 298n

      as wishing to avoid marriage with Napoleon, 43, 297n

      Marie-Therèse, Madame Royale, 147

      Mariotti, François Antoine, 184, 190, 214, 232, 233, 325n

      intelligence on Napoleon’s Elba activities gathered by, 171–72

      Oil Merchant’s reports to, 252, 318n

      Marmont, Auguste de, xviii, 71

      “Marseillaise,” 157, 229, 261

      Marseille, 127–28, 217

      Marx, Karl, 297n

      Masséna, André, 197

      Mauvaises pensées et autres (Valéry), 277

      Maxwell
    , Montgomery, 139, 140–41

      Medici, Cosimo de’, 38, 49

      Melpomène, 190, 230, 231, 232

      Méneval, Claude François, baron de, 73, 118, 120, 123, 130, 131, 161–62, 258, 260

      Metternich, Klemens von, 6, 8, 17–18, 43–44, 83, 120, 132, 161, 162, 172, 257, 286n, 297n, 305n

      at Congress of Vienna, 164

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 256–57

      Michelet, Jules, 298n

      Mind of Napoleon, The (Herold, ed.), 278

      Miniaci, Contessa, 113–14, 134, 141, 202

      Moniteur, 87, 192

      Montcabrié, Captain, 24, 75, 77

      Monte Orello, 54–55

      Montesquiou, Madame de, 118

      Montholon, Charles Tristan, marquis de, 285n

      Mouche, 80, 196, 213

      Mulini palace (Napoleon’s Portoferraio residence), 48–49, 50, 67, 70, 75, 76, 93, 123, 128, 156, 157, 159, 183, 194, 205, 225, 227

      garden at, 102

      library of, 103–4

      Napoleon’s final evening at, 219

      Napoleon’s move to, 73

      renovation of, 102–4

      Murat, Joachim, 8, 32, 91, 137, 172, 185–86, 197, 297n

      fall and execution of, 270–71

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 221, 223–24, 226, 232, 240, 241, 250, 251, 252, 258

      recruiting efforts of, 115

      Nancy, France, 142

      Naples, Kingdom of, 114, 115, 251

      as Napoleon’s possible destination, 240–41

      in war with Algiers, 137

      “Napoleon: The Man of the World” (Emerson), 266

      Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, ix

      abdication of, xviii–xix, 4, 59, 60–61, 286n–87n

      assassination attempts against, 16, 145, 297n

      assassination fears of, 16, 22, 23, 38, 74, 188

      budgets and fiscal planning of, 315n

      Corsica as fallback destination of, 218

      death of, 269–70

      in departure from Fontainebleau, 18–19, 77

      disguises adopted by, 23

      Egyptian campaign of, 18, 25–26, 106, 308n–9n

      health of, 27, 295n

      in Hundred Days, 19, 267, 268

      in journey to Fréjus, 20–26

      Louis XVIII’s refusal to pay promised pension of, 164

      as mythic figure, xix–xx, 268–69, 270

      portraits and caricatures of, 28–29, 60, 295n

      San Martino villa of, 105–7, 158, 159

      self-image of, 277–80

      and siege of Toulon, 34

      southern French antipathy to, 22–23

      suicide attempt of, 3, 284n–85n

      surrender terms of, 5–6, 9–10, 17, 283n–84n

      in surrender to British after Waterloo, 268

      Tuscan recruiting efforts of, 138

      value of public opinion understood by, 78

      as voracious reader, 103–4, 277, 308n

      in voyage to Elba, 27–33

      Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, on Elba:

      Algerians and, 137–38

      arrival at, 37–41

      back taxes demanded by, 99–100, 133–34, 152, 167

      Britain praised by, 15, 79, 173, 291n

      British visitors’ meetings with, 173

      and Campbell’s trips to Italy, 133, 137–38

      cheating on games by, 125

      Corsicans and, 156

      daily routine of, 123–26

      details of escape plan revealed to inner circle by, 217

      in discourses to Campbell on military matters, 70–71, 139

      Elbans’ diminished respect for, 152

      escape plans of, 196–97, 204, 209, 212–15, 216

      exploratory rides of, 55–56

      favorite horses greeted by, 78–79

      in final evening at Mulini, 219

      financial problems of, 151–52, 175, 198

      and Fleury’s report on French unrest, 201–2, 204

      Forty-fifth birthday celebration of, 135

      and George III’s birthday celebration, 91–92

      government organized by, 66–67

      in hunt for country residence, 104–5

      imperial chamberlains named by, 66

      imperial palace of, see Mulini palace

      imperial stables of, 74

      and Inconstant’s arrival, 75

      increasing inactivity and isolation of, 154–55, 196, 198

      increasing opposition to, 100–101

      in interactions with ordinary people, xx

      Italian landing rejected by, 217

      and Joséphine’s death, 128–29, 311n–12n

      lazaretto crisis and, 97–98, 307n–8n

      Maxwell’s meeting with, 140–41

      military forces of, 77, 79–82, 304n

      as obsessed with details, 56, 110

      Old Guard battalion expected by, 73–74, 76

      and Old Guard’s arrival, 77, 79–80

      and Pauline’s first visit, 90–91

      Pianosa “conquered” by, 72–73

      and Pianosa resettlement, 110–11

      and plans to bring Marie Louise to Elba, 132, 138

      Portoferraio town hall as temporary residence of, 37, 40–41, 48

      relentless activity of, 54, 56, 65, 109–10, 111, 301n

      at San Cristino feast, 88–89

      as tourist attraction, 139

      in visit to Dryade, 77–78

      in visit to Monte Orello, 54–55

      in visit to Rio mines, 50–53

      Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, in escape from Elba, 243–45

      in departure from Portoferraio, 229, 230, 326n

      farewell speech to Elbans by, 225

      first day of, 230–35

      flotilla of, 228–29, 251

      France vs. Italy as destination of, 323n

      Inconstant boarded by, 228

      in last last speech before Golfe-Juan landing, 248

      proclamations issued by, 244–45

      troops of, 228

      Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, in march on Paris, 267

      “Flight of the Eagle” in, 269

      and French capture of Lamouret’s troops, 250–51

      Golfe-Juan landing of, 248–51, 259

      in Laffrey confrontation, 261–62, 269, 329n

      rallying of French soldiers to, 262

      Napoleon II, King of Rome, 3, 46, 104, 119, 130, 131, 162, 176, 181–82, 260, 267, 271–72

      death of, 272

      and Napoleon’s abdication, 286n–87n

      Napoleonic wars:

      cost to Great Britain of, 289n, 305n

      death toll from, xix, 284n

      Need for Roots, The (Weil), 267

      Neipperg, Adam von, 161, 260

      death of, 271

      in defeat of Murat, 270

      Marie Louise’s affair with, 161–62

      as Marie Louise’s escort, 120–21, 130–31, 132, 138

      Marie Louise’s marriage to, 271

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 258

      Ney, Michel, xix, 254, 273

      Nile, battle of the, 218

      Oil Merchant (code name), 214, 216

      in attempt to leave Elba, 226–27

      in departure from Elba, 252

      as French spy on Elba, 170–72, 195, 206, 252, 318n

      heightened atmosphere on Elba noted by, 206–7

      Napoleon’s escape reported by, 252

      Old Guard, 16, 19, 73–74, 76, 106–7

      as core of Napoleon’s Elban army, 77, 79–80, 81, 206

      in escape from Elba, 228

      loyalty to Napoleon of, 101


      in march to Paris, 249

      see also Imperial Guard

      O’Meara, Barry, 287n

      Orange, France, 22–23

      Ossian, 15, 291n

      Ovid, 290n

      Palmaiola Island, 199, 202, 209, 214, 222, 224, 321n

      Paris:

      in 1814 capitulation to allies, xvii–xix, 284n

      English visitors to, 143

      Louis XVIII’s entry into, 61–63

      Louis XVIII’s flight from, 255

      Napoleon’s entry into, 264

      Napoleon’s march on, see Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, in march on Paris

      Place de Concorde in, 287n

      reaction to Napoleon’s escape in, 254–55

      return to normalcy in, 83

      royalist émigrés’ return to, 143

      Paris, Treaty of (1814), 84–86, 163, 260, 305n

      Paris National Guard, xvii, 283n

      Parma, 117, 271–72

      Marie Louise as Duchess of, 17, 46, 163–64, 270, 271–72

      Partridge, HMS, 108, 195, 202–3, 204, 213–14, 217, 221–22, 224, 229, 231, 253, 263

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 236, 240–41, 246–47

      Paul I, Tsar of Russia, xix

      Pauline, Princess of Borghese, 23, 76, 89, 103, 104, 129, 173, 185–86, 196, 204, 209, 219, 239, 308n

      Campbell’s meeting with, 238–39

      Elba cultural and social events organized by, 195, 213

      in first trip to Elba, 90–91

      health problems of, 157, 316n

      in move to Elba, 156–59

      and Napoleon’s escape from Elba, 227

      Napoleon’s relationship with, 157–58

      at San Martino villa, 158

      Pelard (Napoleon’s valet), 3

      Petition to the King in July 1814 (Carnot), 191–92

      Peyrusse, Guillaume, 20, 27, 33, 39, 125, 152, 158, 187, 188, 216, 243

      in escape from Elba, 227, 228, 234, 243–44

      in march to Paris, 250

      named Napoleon’s treasurer, 66

      and Napoleon’s plans for escape from Elba, 197, 212–13

      Pianosa Island, 101, 107, 153, 199, 206, 224

      lancers’ horses recalled from, 209–10

      Napoleon’s “conquest” of, 72–73

      resettlement of, 110–11

      Piombino, Italy, 103, 125, 139, 216

      Pius VII, Pope, 18

      Campbell’s meeting with, 114

      Place de Concorde, 287n

      Polish lancers, 209–10, 264

      in Napoleon’s Elba forces, 77, 79–80, 81, 206

      Pons de l’Hérault, André, 58, 66, 90, 98, 103, 124, 125, 135, 158, 196, 213, 225, 299n, 305n

      background of, 33

      on Bertrand’s relationship with Napoleon, 160

      as chief administrator of mines, 33, 50, 53

      in escape from Elba, 227, 245

     


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