South Tawton. St. Andrew. Roof bosses, 14th or 15th century.
Page 98
Plate 73a and b
Sampford Courtenay, Devon. St Andrew. Roof bosses 14th or 15th century
Page 99
Plate 74a
Sampford Courtenay, St Andrew. Roof boss. 14th or 15th century.
Plate 74b
Spreyton, Devon. St. Michael. Roof boss. 14th or 15th century.
Page 100
Plate 75a
Melrose, Roxburgh, Scotland. Abbey Museum. Roof boss. 15th century.
Plate 75b
Ottery St. Mary. Devon. St Mary. Corbel. 14th century.
Page 101
Plate 76
Lostwithiel, Cornwall. St. Bartholomew. Font. 14th or 15th century.
Page 102
Plate 77 a and b
Norwich Cathedral. Roof bosses in the Cloisters. 14th or 15th century.
Page 103
Plate 78 a and b
Norwich Cathedral. Roof bosses in the Cloisters. 14th or 15th century.
Page 104
Plate 79 a and b
Norwich Cathedral. Roof bosses in the Cloisters. 14th or 15th century.
Page 105
Plate 80 a and b
Norwich Cathedral. Roof bosses in the Cloisters. 14th or 15th century.
Page 106
Plate 81 a and b
Langley Marish, Buckinghamshire, ST. MARY. Corbels. 15th century.
Page 107
Plate 82a
Mildenhall, Suffolk. ST. MARY. Boss inside the porch. 15th century.
Plate 82b
Great Shelford, Cambridgeshire, ST. MARY. Boss inside the porch. 15th century.
Page 108
Plate 83a
Whalley, Lancashire, St. Mary and All Saints. Misericord. 15th century. Foliate tricephalos.
Plate 83b
Whalley, Lancashire, St. Mary and All Saints.. Misericord. 15th century. Foliate head.
Page 109
Plate 84a
Cumbria, Lancashire. Priory. Misericord. 15th century. Crowned foliate tricephalos.
Plate 84b
Paris. Bibliothèque Nationale. Miniature in a 13th century
MS. Satan as triceps Beelzebub, the Trinity of Evil.
(Photo. Bibliothèque Nationale)
Page 110
Plate 85a
Kings Lynn, Norfolk. St. Margaret. Misericord. 14th century. Cross-eyed Green Man.
Ludlow, Shropshire, St. Laurence. Misericord. 16th century. Cross-eyed Green men as supporters.
Page 111
Plate 86a
Llangwm, Monmouthshire (Gwent). St. Jerome. Corbel. Probably 15th century.
Plate 86b
Llantilio Crossenny, Monmouthshire (Gwent). St. Teilo. Carving on the wall in north transept. 14th or 15th century.
Page 112
Plate 87a
Crowland, Lincolnshire, Abbey. Roof boss. 15th century.
Plate 87b
Queen Camel, Somerset. St. Barnabas. Roof boss. Probably 15th century.
Page 113
Plate 88
Whalley, Lancashire, St. Mary and All Saints. Canopy in the choir stalls. ? 15th century.
Page 114
Plate 89
Astbury, Cheshire. St. Mary. Roof boss. 15th century.
Page 115
Plate 90a
Silkstone, Yorkshire, All Saints. Roof boss. 15th century.
Plate 90b
Norwich Cathedral. Misericord. Late 15th century.
Page 116
Plate 91
Bishops Lydeard, Somerset. ST MARY. Bench end. 15th century.
Page 117
Plate 92
Crowcombe, Somerset. Holy Ghost. Bench end. 16th century.
Page 118
Plate 93a
Hereford Cathedral. Lintel carving. 15th century
Plate 93b
Bosbury, Herefordshire, Holy Trinity. Monument to Richard Harford and his wife. 16th century. One of two Green men.
Page 119
Plate 94
Ebrach (Former Cistertian Abbey). Leaf mask at the base of the Memorial of Abbot Hölein. 17th century.
Page 120
Plate 95
Bristol. St. Mary. Redcliffe. Foliate skull at the base of the Sandford and Challoner Memorial. (La. Paty. Bristol, fecit), circa 1747.
Page 121
List of Plates
1. Trier. Rheinisches Landesmuseum
Cast taken from one of the capitals dating from the first half of the end century A.D., discovered by J. N. von Wilmowsky during excavations in Trier Cathedral circa 1874. The capitals, salvaged from the ruins of a Roman temple (Am Herrenbrünnchen) of the Hadrianic period (117-138 A.D.) by Bishop Nicetius, were remounted on pillars set up at the corners of the Square Chancel when it was restored in the 6th century. The pillars were finally hidden from view when this part of the cathedral was again restored and partly rebuilt between 1028 and 1037.
2. (a) Baalbek, Lebanon. Bacchus Temple
Leaf mask in a frieze on a temple built in the time of Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.). (Photo. British Library.)
(b) Hatra, Mesopotamia. (Al Hadr, Iraq)
Male Medusa on the façade of a temple dating from the mid-second century A.D. (Photo. Professor J. B. Ward Perkins.)
3. (a) Trier, Rheinisches Landesmuseum
Leaf mask, probably representing Okeanos, on a reconstructed fragment from a funerary monument. Neumagen. 2nd or 3rd century A.D.
(b) Trier, Rheinisches Landesmuseum
Leaf mask in the centre of a panel from the Iphigenien-pfeiler. Neumagen. 2nd or 3rd century A.D.
Leaf masks in a frieze. Fragment from a funerary monument. Neumagen. 2nd or 3rd century A.D.
(b) Trier, Rheinisches Landesmuseum
Two faces formed from acanthus in a fragment of a frieze from the Schulreliefpfeiler. Neumagen. 2nd or 3rd century A.D.
5. (a) Évreux (Eure) Musée Municipale
Leaf mask on a Roman capital. 3rd century.
Leaves sprout from all parts of the face and from the corners of the mouth; even the eyes are formed from rolled up leaves.
(b) Bordeaux (Gironde). Musée d'Aquitaine
Faces formed from leaves in Gallo-Roman frieze. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg: No. LA 632/27.)
6. Istanbul Archaeological Museum
(a) Capital discovered in the City Wall during excavations, 1972. (Museum No. 7237). 6th century. Leaf mask with horns of plenty.
(b) Another leaf mask on the same capital (opposite face).
7. Istanbul Archaeological Museum
Capital discovered at Mudanya in 1885. (Museum No. 748). 6th century.
Two leaf masks with a horn of plenty between them.
8. Istanbul Archaeological Museum
Capital with a leaf mask on each of its four faces. (Museum No. 749). 6th century.
(a) The pupils of the eyes converge slightly, and the large irises are raised, almost bulging, giving the face an intense ''far away" expression.
(b) Adjacent face. The mask has similar prominent and barely focused eyes.
9. Istanbul Archaeological Museum
Capitals discovered circa 1953 on the site of the New Palace of Justice, Istanbul. 6th century.
(a) (Museum No. not recorded). The eyes squint.
(b) (Museum No. 5073A).
10. Istanbul Archaeological Museum
Capital discovered circa 1972-73 at Kanlica. 6th century. (Museum No. 5977).
11. Poitiers (Vienne). Saint-Hilaire-Grand
Carving on the base of the lid of the tomb of Sainte-Abre. 4th or 5th century.
Sainte Abre was the daughter of St Hilary the Great. She died circa 361.
12. Paris. Musée des Monuments Français
Cast of a capital in the crypt of the cathedral in Dijon (Côte d'Or). 9th century.
13 Cividale de Friuli. Museo
Archeologico Nazionale.
Dedication page of the Psalter presented to Archbishop Egbert of Trier in 983.
MS Cod. sanct. 6; Cod. Gertrudianus fol. 17.
14. Trier. Stadtbibliothek
Dedication page of the Codes Egberti, fol. 2. vs. presented to Archbishop Egbert in 985. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg No. 59662.)
15. Toscanella. Façade of San Pietro
Two demons, each in the form of a tricephalos; probably representing triceps Beelzebub, 12th century. (Photo. Alinari-Giraudon, Paris. No. 26150.)
16. (a) Reims (Marne). Musée Rémi
Gallo-Roman tricephalos
(b) Avignon (Vaucluse). Musée Calvet
Capital (from Notre-Dame, Avignon). 12th century. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg No. 23030.)
17. (a) Stuttgart. Württembergisches Landesbibliothek
Codex. bibl. 2: 56. Stuttgarter Passionale II. fol. 83v. Initial M in the form of a demon with monsters coming from the ears and tendrils coming out of the mouth. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg No. LA 211/1)
(b) Autun (Saône-et-Loire)
Capital in the cathedral (Saint-Lazare). 12th century. Man-Eating leaf demon. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg No. 31726.) 18.
18. Castor (Near Peterborough). St. Kyneburga
Capital dated 1124.
Page 122
(a) Mask with tendrils coming from the mouth.
(b) Mask with tendrils coming from the nose.
(c) Cat mask, with human hands holding the branches that come from the mouth.
19. (a) Mars (Nièvre)
Tympanum. 12th century. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg No. 39880.)
(b) Copenhagen. The Royal Library. (Der Kongelige Bibliotek.)
f. 17 of the Folkunge Psalter MS Thott 143, fol. 2. 12th century.
Beatus Initial. (Photo. Detkongelige Bibliotek. Copenhagen.)
20. (a) Elkstone, Gloucestershire St. John the Evangelist Tympanum. circa 1160.
Mask with tendrils coming out of the mouth (in right hand corner of the tympanum).
(b) Linley, Shropshire. St. Leonard Tympanum. circa 1138.
Nude figure surrounded by foliage. Sprays of foliage come from the mouth.
21. (a) Châteauneuf-sur-Charente (Charente). Saint-Pierre Capital. 12th century.
Foliate beasts with man holding their tongues. (Bildar-chiv Foto-Marburg. No. 38688.)
(b) Königslutter am Elm (former Abbey Church)
Corbel on the principal apse. circa 1135.
Foliate head of a type rarely seen in 12th century art. Leaves grow on the face, forming the whiskers, beard and moustache, and the expression is deeply serious. It bears a close resemblance to the leaf masks of antiquity. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg. No. 12332.)
22. Kilpeck. Herefordshire. St. Mary and St. David
Doorway (leaf mask on abacus on right). circa 1140.
23. Saint-Denis (Seine). Depôt Lapidaire de l'Abbaye
(a) Fountain from the cloisters of the abbey, circa 1200.
The basin is decorated with the heads of Roman gods, each one has the name inscribed above it.
(b) Head of Silvanus in the form of a leaf mask.
24. (a) Chartres (Eure-et-Loir). Cathedral
Three foliate heads above the portal of the south transept. 13th century.
The head in the centre is in the form of a Tête de Feuilles;, the heads of either side are Masques Feuillus: the one on the right has sprays of oak coming out of the mouth, the one on the left has vines.
(b) Reims (Marne). Cathedral
Inner west wall. 13th century.
Two leaf masks, very similar to one example of the Tôte de Feuilles illustrated by Villard de Honnecourt, 1235.
25. (a) Poitiers (Vienne). Cathedral
Misericord carving. 13th century
(b) Semur-en-Auxois. (Côte d'Or). Notre-Dame Corbel. 13th century.
26. (a) Poitiers (Vienne). Cathedral
Leaf mask filling a spandrel in the choir screen. 13th century.
(b) Aubazine (Corrèze). Abbey
Leaf mask on the tomb of Saint-Etienne, d'Aubazine 1154. 13th century.
The Abbey at Aubazine was built by the Cistercians in the 12th century.
27. Auxerre (Yonne). Cathedral
Tête de Feuilles. A head of fluttering leaves. 13th century.
28. Auxerre (Yonne). Cathedral
Tête de Feuilles above abacus of capital with vine leaves and grapes. 13th century.
29. (a) Auxerre (Yonne). Cathedral
Crowned head with foliate moustache. 13th century.
(b) Montier-en-Der (Haute Marne). Notre Dame Roof boss. 13th century.
Tête de Feuilles, with some foliage coming from the mouth. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg. No. LA 1372/25.)
(c) Montier-en-Der (Haute Marne). Notre Dame Roof boss. 13th century.
Tête de Feuilles, with foliage coming from the nose and developing from the lips at each side of the mouth. (Bildarchiv Foto-Marburg. No. LA 1372/28.)
30. (a) Troyes (Aube). Saint-Urbain
Lintel over portal. 13th century.
Leaf demon with horns. A Masque Feuillu. The sprays of leaves coming from the mouth extend to fill the lower and right hand border.
(b) Semur-en-Auxois (Côte d'Or). Notre Dame Masques Feuillus with vines. 13th century.
31. (a) Paris. Musée des Monuments Français Tête de Feuilles on the base of the lid of the tomb of Louis de France. 2nd half of 13th century.
(b) Paris. Musée des Monuments Français Tête de Feuilles on the tomb of Louis de France. It is interesting that each of these small heads, one on each corner of the base of the lid, is treated individually.
(c) Paris. Musée de Cluny