Young Man Before a White Curtain (c. 1506–8)
oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Girolamo Machietti
Baths of Pozzuoli (1570–2)
Oil on slate
Studiolo of Francesco I, Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Magdeburg Rider (c. 1245–50)
Stone
Kulturhistorisches Museum, Magdeburg
Simone Martini
Maestà (1311–17, repaired 1321)
Fresco
Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
Masaccio, Masolino, and Filippino Lippi
Brancacci Chapel cycle (1420s, finished by Lippi in 1480s)
Fresco
Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
Michelangelo (copy of)
Leda and the Swan (after 1530)
Oil on canvas
National Gallery, London
Parthenon Sculptures (5th century B.C.)
Marble
British Museum, London
Pech Merle Painted Cave
Pigments dated to approximately 25,000 years before present
Cabrerets, Lot, France
Pablo Picasso
Guernica (1937)
Oil on canvas
Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid
Piero della Francesca
The Legend of the True Cross (c. 1450s)
Fresco cycle
San Francesco, Arezzo
Piero della Francesca
Baptism of Christ (1450s)
Tempera on poplar wood
National Gallery, London
Piero di Cosimo
The Battle Between the Lapiths and Centaurs (c. 1500–15)
Oil on wood
National Gallery, London
Piero di Cosimo
The Forest Fire (c. 1505)
Oil on wood
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
Pisanello
Portrait Medal of Niccolò Piccinino (c. 1439–92)
Cast bronze
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Inventory A.170-1910
Nicola Pisano
Pulpit (1260)
Marble
Baptistery, Pisa
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Hercules and the Hydra and Hercules and Antaeus (both c. 1460–c. 1475)
Tempera on wood
Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Hercules and Antaeus (probably 1470s)
Bargello Museum, Florence
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Battle of the Nudes (c. 1470)
Copper plate engraving
British Museum, London
Hind 1., 191
Pontormo
Portrait of a Halberdier (1529–30)
Oil on wood, transferred to canvas
J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
Pontormo
Portrait of a Young Man in a Red Cap (Carlo Neroni) (1530)
Oil on wood
Private Collection
Pontormo
Martyrdom of the Ten Thousand (1530)
Oil on wood
Pitti Palace, Florence
Raphael
The Marriage of the Virgin (1504)
Oil on wood
Brera Gallery, Milan
Raphael
Studies for the Trinity of S. Severo (c. 1505) with
sketch of The Battle of Anghiari
Silverpoint heightened with bodycolour on paper
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
P. II. 535
Raphael
Madonna of the Meadow (c. 1505–6)
Oil on wood
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Raphael
Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1506)
Oil on wood
Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Raphael
Bridgewater Madonna (c. 1507)
Oil on canvas, transferred from wood
Duke of Sutherland Collection, on loan to National Galleries of Scotland
Raphael
Portrait of Maddalena Strozzi Doni and Portrait of Agnolo Doni (both c. 1506–7)
Oil on wood
Pitti Palace, Florence
Raphael
Entombment (1507)
Oil on wood
Borghese Gallery, Rome
Raphael
The School of Athens (1509–10)
Fresco
Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Museums, Rome
Raphael
Portrait of Pope Julius II (1511)
Oil on poplar wood
National Gallery, London
Raphael
The Triumph of Galatea (1511–12)
Fresco
Villa Farnesina, Rome
Raphael
The Fire in the Borgo (c. 1516–17)
Stanza dell’ Incendio, Vatican Museums, Rome
Raphael
Sistine Tapestry Cartoons (1515–16)
Gouache on paper mounted on canvas
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Raphael
Stufetta of Cardinal Bibbiena (1516)
Fresco and marble
Vatican Palace, Rome
Giulio Romano
The Battle of Constantine (1521)
Fresco
Sala di Constantino, Vatican Museums, Rome
Giulio Romano
Sala dei Giganti (1532–4)
Fresco
Mantua
Francesco Rosselli (atttibuted)
The Execution of Savonarola (c. 1498)
Tempera on wood
Museum of San Marco, Florence
Vincenzo de’ Rossi
The Labours of Hercules (begun 1568)
Marble
Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Rosso Fiorentino (or early copyist)
Moses and the Daughters of Jephron (1523–4)
Oil on linen
Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Peter Paul Rubens
The Fight for the Standard (c. 1600–15,
reworked from a sixteenth-century copy)
Chalk, pen and ink, washes, and gouache on two joined sheets of paper
Louvre Museum, Paris
Peter Paul Rubens
The Fight for the Standard, after The Battle of Anghiari (c. 1600s)
Chalk and wash on paper
British Museum, London
Peter Paul Rubens
Minerva Protects Pax from Mars (1629–30)
Oil on canvas
National Gallery, London
Peter Paul Rubens
The Horrors of War (1637–8)
Oil on canvas
Pitti Palace, Florence
Andrei Rublev
The Saviour (early fifteenth century)
Tempera on wood
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Aristotile da Sangallo
Copy of Michelangelo’s Battle of Cascina (c. 1542)
Oil on wood
Holkham Hall, Norfolk, Collection of the Earl of Leicester
Giovanni Stradano
The Siege of Florence (c. 1560)
Fresco
Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Tintoretto
Susannah and the Elders (1555–6)
Oil on canvas
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Decorations for the Fondaco dei Tedesci (1509)
Frescoes
Accademia Gallery, Venice
Titian
Allegory of the Three Ages of Man (c. 1515)
Oil on canvas
National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
Titian
Bacchanal of the Andrians (c. 1523–5)
Oil on canvas
Prado Museum, Madrid
Titian
Diana and Actaeon (1556–9)
Oil on canvas
Jointly owned by N
ational Gallery, London, and
National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
Paolo Uccello
The Battle of San Romano (probably c. 1438–40)
Tempera on poplar wood
Three panels in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence; Louvre Museum, Paris; and National Gallery, London
Paolo Uccello
Sir John Hawkwood (1436)
Fresco, transferred to canvas
Cathedral, Florence
Paolo Uccello
Deluge (c. 1445–c. 1450)
Fresco
Green Cloister, Santa Maria Novella, Florence
Standard of Ur (c. 2600–2400 B.C.)
Shell, red limestone, and lapis lazuli
British Museum, London
Giorgio Vasari and assistants
Decorations of former Great Council Hall (1563–5)
Fresco and other media
Palazzo Vecchio, Florence
Andrea del Verrocchio and assistants, including Leonardo da Vinci
The Baptism of Christ (1470–5)
Tempera and oil on wood
Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Andrea del Verrocchio (cast by Alessandro Leopardi)
Equestrian Monument to Bartolommeo Colleoni (c. 1481–96)
Campo SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice
Workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio
Tobias and the Angel (1470s)
Tempera on poplar wood
National Gallery, London
Workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio
Scipio (1470s–c. 1480)
Marble
Louvre Museum, Paris
Workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio
Alexander (1470s–c. 1480)
Marble
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Victoria Wilson at Alfred A. Knopf for editing and visually conceiving the U.S. edition of this book, and Daniel Schwartz and Carmen Johnson for their work on producing the book and dealing longdistance with a transatlantic author. I would also like to thank Mike Jones at Simon and Schuster UK, and my agents Will Francis and Lynn Nesbit. The research for The Lost Battles relied on the British Library as well as the drawing collection of the British Museum, and at a time of government cuts I acknowledge the help of these great institutions. I am also grateful to the Royal Collection, as well as the drawing collections of the Teylers Museum, Haarlem, and the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. The Guardian newspaper has been at the core of my work for many years and among editors there I am especially indebted to Dan Glaister, Katharine Viner, Becky Gardiner, Philip Oltermann, and Kate Abbott. My parents, Eric and Margaret Lewis Jones, first took me to Florence and kindled my love for art and history. Dr. Graham and Dr. Angela Currie have shared some fine Italian food. Dr. Sarah Currie makes life and thought a joy: this is for our daughter.