Phillies vs., 73–76, 105, 106
Pirates vs., 139, 140, 159, 162, 166–67, 224, 227
radio broadcasts of, 55, 56, 63, 113–15, 117–18, 121, 122, 148–49, 178, 195, 214, 215, 227
Reds vs., 127, 129–30, 200, 224
reporters and, 196–97, 199
southern players on, 35–36, 40, 41–43, 88, 89, 91, 109, 171
spring training of, 32–33, 36–39, 43–44, 50, 55, 86, 89
statistician of, 169
trades and attempted trades by, 25, 46, 85, 89–91, 106, 159, 160, 197, 265–66
uprisings and boycotts threatened by, 4, 41–45, 89
weak pitching staff of, 57, 144, 213, 236–37
Yankees compared with, 235–38
see also Ebbets Field; Rickey, Branch; Robinson, Jack Roosevelt “Jackie”
Brooklyn Eagle, 71, 162, 164, 167, 169, 212, 246, 252
Brown, Bobby, 243, 244
Brown, Lou, 155
Brown, Mabel C., 70–71, 83
Brown, Willard, 186, 187–88
Brown v. Board of Education, 64, 157
Bums (Golenbock), 127
Bunche, Ralph, 134
Burdette, Lew, 268
Burley, Dan, 67, 98
Burr, Harold, 164
California, University of (Los Angeles) (UCLA), 11–13, 20, 33, 61, 72, 233
Camilli, Dolph, 25, 71
Campanella, Roy, 26, 36–37, 90, 170, 175, 178, 179–80, 181, 267
Cannon, Jimmy, 57, 97, 98
Casey, Hugh, 35, 42, 70, 160, 171, 197, 212, 216, 221, 223, 237, 261
in 1941 World Series, 237, 248–49
in 1947 World Series, 248, 249, 250
Cashmore, John, 232
Chandler, Albert Benjamin “Happy,” 47, 76, 100, 108, 128, 240, 261
Chandler, Eddie, 125
Chandler, Spud, 209
Chapman, Ben, 100, 104–5, 170, 175
bench jockeying and race baiting by, 74, 75–77, 97, 104, 137–38, 254
Charleston, Oscar, 29, 176
Chester, Hilda, 54
Chicago, Ill., 123, 124, 142
Chicago American, 257
Chicago American Giants, 10
Chicago Cubs, 84, 88, 91, 105, 141, 143–44, 181, 205, 224, 231, 246
boycott threat by, 101
Dodger vendetta with, 164–66
Chicago Daily News, 144
Chicago Defender, 20, 21, 53, 59, 135, 142, 192, 235
Chicago Stadium, 141
Chicago White Sox, 41, 132, 183, 184
Chicago White Stockings, 29
Chipman, Bob, 88
Chock Full o’Nuts, 271–72
Cincinnati, Ohio, 123, 124–25, 126, 161, 176
Cincinnati Enquirer, 128
Cincinnati Reds, 39, 91, 114, 125, 127, 128, 129–30, 200, 224
civil rights movement, 15, 64, 65–66, 270
Clark, Allie, 256
Clark, Hilton, 154
Clark, Kenneth B., 154
Clayton, Horace, 142
Clemente, Roberto, 201
Cleveland, Ohio, 124, 182
Cleveland Buckeyes, 136, 185
Cleveland Indians, 51, 102, 175, 181, 267, 268
Doby and, 182–86, 189–90
Cobb, Ty, 71, 80, 168, 230, 240
Cohen, Leonard, 39, 106, 237
Cohn, David, 123
Coleman, Ray, 187
Collins, Eddie, 71, 135
Combs, Earle, 236
Comerford, Dan, 70
Comiskey Park, 20, 183, 192, 193
Communist Party, communism, 22, 51, 64, 268
Conn, Billy, 82
Cooke, Bob, 67, 68
Covington, Lacy and Florence, 154–55, 234
Cramer, Richard Ben, 207
Crosley Field, 125, 126, 127, 128
Culler, Dick, 57, 58
Dad, Jackie and Me (Uhlberg), 215
Daily Mirror, 97, 153
Daily News, 22, 86, 89, 92, 103, 104, 144, 162, 165, 186, 197, 198–202, 214, 215
Daily Worker, 59, 65, 127–28, 135
Daley, Arthur, 60
Danning, Harry, 76
Davis, Ben, 21–22
Davis, Benjamin O., 134
Davis, Lorenzo, 186
Day, Laraine, 47, 96, 240
Dean, Dizzy, 22
Desmond, Connie, 227
Detroit Committee to Fight Racial Injustice and Terrorism, 65
Detroit Tigers, 41, 102, 138, 188, 246, 247
Dewey, Thomas E., 240
Dillinger, Bob, 187
DiMaggio, Joe, 36, 40, 51, 80, 102, 203–4, 207–9, 236, 238, 248, 255, 260, 265
heel injury of, 102, 203, 204
Doby, Larry, 26, 180, 182–85, 187, 189–90, 215
Dodgers Stadium, 274
Dodger Sym-Phony, 54, 232
Dodson, Dan, 23, 44
Doerr, Bobby, 102, 208
Douglass, Frederick, 3, 219
Downs, Karl, 11, 16, 234
Drake, St. Clair, 142
Dressen, Charlie, 243
Drews, Karl, 255
Drummond, William, 23
DuBois, W.E.B., 131–32
Dulles, John Foster, 240
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 218–19
Durocher, Leo Ernest, 26, 39–40, 41, 71, 96, 161, 205, 211, 240, 265, 268
managing style of, 39–40, 57, 129, 144, 212
response to petition by, 43–44, 50
suspension of, 47, 50, 57, 96, 205
Dyer, Eddie, 95, 163, 196
Easter, Luke, 181
East-West game, 192–93
Ebbets Field, 26, 41, 46, 49, 50–51, 54, 62, 70, 71, 81, 82, 101, 103, 106, 117, 129, 136, 149, 151, 154, 155, 178, 200, 214, 218, 227, 245, 247, 248, 249, 271
attendance at, 52–53, 80, 86, 159, 160–61, 161–62, 194, 195, 231–32, 246
“Jackie Robinson Day” at, 230–31
lack of warning track at, 159, 160, 201
Edwards, Bruce, 59, 164, 219, 225, 247, 250, 252, 255, 259, 261, 267
Eisenhower, Dwight David, 1
Elliott, Bob, 57, 58
Erautt, Eddie, 127
Etten, Nick, 75
Evans, Dale, 141
Fair Employment Practices Committee, 156
Falkner, David, 101
fans, 29–30, 51–52, 76, 90, 99, 102, 118–19, 122, 153, 156–57, 161–62, 168, 230–31, 233
hate mail sent by, 108–9
JR heckled by, 49, 77, 105, 127–29, 161, 215–16
JR’s influence on, 5, 55–56, 77–78, 106–8, 118–19, 155–56, 215, 223–24
JR’s mail from, 106–8
1947 World Series and, 235, 242, 243–44, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252, 260
opening day response of, 51–53, 55, 57, 58, 59–60, 61
as supportive of JR, 104, 145, 216
fans, black, 4–5, 29, 49, 52–53, 54, 63, 105, 106–7, 108, 119, 126–27, 145, 153–54, 156–57, 161, 162, 163, 182, 195, 216, 221, 228–29
cautionary warnings to, 53, 66–67, 142–43, 264
in Chicago, 141, 142, 143, 144
decorum and good behavior of, 54, 77, 143, 170, 214
drop in Negro-league attendance of, 153, 175, 190–91, 192
in Harlem, 63, 66–68, 153–54
1947 World Series and, 235, 244
Feller, Bob, 71, 80
Fences (Wilson), 226
Ferris, Boo, 101
Fetter, Henry, 231
Fleming, Les, 184
Foner, Henry, 156
Forbes Field, 139
Ford, Henry, 132
Fowler, John “Bud,” 29
Frank, Stanley, 22
Franklin, Bernice, 195
Frick, Ford C., 63, 66, 142, 196, 240
Cardinals strike threat and, 93–94, 95
Furillo, Carl, 42, 44, 69, 96, 145, 164, 167, 171, 248, 250, 252, 255, 256, 259
Gandhi, Mohandas, vii
Gar
agiola, Joe, 76, 146, 163–64, 238
JR’s spat with, 227–29
Gearhart, Lloyd, 68
Gee, Sammy, 180
Gehrig, Lou, 39, 197, 236
Gentleman’s Agreement (Hobson), 83
Gibson, Josh, 18, 101, 136, 178–79
Gilliam, Jim, 269
Gionfriddo, Al, 90, 166, 250–51, 252, 256–57
Goldstein, Spud, 189
Golenbock, Peter, 91, 127
Gordon, Joe, 183
Goren, Herb, 38–39
Graham, Charles, 193
Gray, Pete, 179
Green, Dwight, 141
Green, Pumpsie, 136
Greenberg, Hank, 71, 74, 76, 138–40, 149
Gregg, Hal, 75, 89, 249, 259
Griffith, Calvin, 191
Griffith Stadium, 191
Grimm, Charlie, 231
Gustine, Frankie, 140
Guthrie, Woody, 204
Harlem, N.Y., 63–68, 134, 142, 153–54, 219, 235, 263
civil rights movement in, 64, 65–66
Harlem Globetrotters, 231
Harris, Bucky, 204, 205, 208, 242, 246, 247, 251, 259
Harrist, Earl, 184
Hartung, Clint, 76
Hatten, Joe, 89, 213, 220, 237, 247, 248, 256
Havana, Cuba, 36–37, 38, 39, 89
Hawley, Monte, 264
Hayward, Margot, 118–19
Hazzard, Norman, 52
Head, Ed, 42
Heath, Jeff, 187, 188
Henrich, Tommy, 204, 208, 238, 244, 248, 249, 250, 252, 256, 259, 260
Herald Tribune, 67, 94–96, 236
Hermanski, Gene, 49, 58–59, 75, 112, 145, 159, 217, 247, 250, 259
Hicks, Wyonella, 131
Higbe, Kirby, 35, 42, 43, 44
trade of, 89–90, 91, 197, 250
Hitler, Adolf, 10, 133
Hoak, Don, 269
Hobson, Laura Z., 83
Hodges, Gil, 72, 164, 260
Homestead Grays, 153, 175
Hoover, Herbert, 240
Hopper, Clay, 33
Horne, Lena, 32, 65, 182
House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), 268–69
Howell, Dixie, 89, 167
Hughes, Langston, 5, 66, 217
Indianapolis Clowns, 175
I Never Had It Made (Robinson), 14
integration, 44, 60, 65, 122, 137, 155, 212
of professional football, 33–34
of Stanford University, 77–78
integration, baseball, 18, 50, 99, 171, 215
activists’ push for, 21–23
Browns’ experiment in, 186–89
early attempts at, 29, 135–36, 181–82
increase in, 175–78, 180–86, 187–89, 193, 225, 271
Indians’ experiment in, 182–86, 189–90, 271
media campaigns for, 22, 134–36, 137
media on, 22, 34, 49, 60, 96–97, 106, 111, 185, 186, 227, 230
Negro leagues impacted by, 153, 175, 182, 190–92, 193
owner opposition to, 100, 135, 205–6
players and writers in opposition to, 18, 22, 67, 99, 100–101, 191–92
players supportive of, 22, 101, 185–86
Rickey’s experiment in, 21, 22, 23–24, 25–26, 30, 46, 47, 50, 63, 74, 84, 89–91, 92, 104, 116, 136–37, 138, 169–70, 179–80, 181, 196, 205–6, 240, 273
strikes and boycotts threatened due to, 4, 41–45, 60, 89, 90, 92–96, 97, 99, 100, 104, 145, 194, 201, 267
see also Robinson, Jack Roosevelt “Jackie”
International League, 30, 240
International Workers Order, 65
In the Year of the Board and Jackie Robinson (Lord), 229
Irvin, Monte, 26, 175, 176–78, 180, 181, 185, 193
Irving, Clarence L., 157–58
Isum, Zellee, 234, 263
Ives, Irving, 240
Jackie Robinson Booster Club, 68
“Jackie Robinson Day,” 230–31
James, Bill, 224–25
Jefferson, Thomas, 1
Jethroe, Sam, 136, 185, 193
Johnson, Billy, 204, 208, 248
Johnson, Buddy, 168
Johnson, Jack, 81
Johnson, Si, 173, 210
Johnson, Walter, 71, 80
“Joltin’ Joe DiMaggio,” 203–4
Jonas, Gilbert, 71–72, 74
Jones, Louis, 182
Jordan, Vernon, 274
Jorgensen, John “Spider,” 37, 55, 57, 125, 130, 160, 201, 221, 224, 237, 247, 250, 252, 255, 259
Kahn, Roger, 67, 93
Kansas City Monarchs, 17, 18, 20, 25, 37, 136, 137, 163, 187, 188
Kaye, Danny, 240, 246
Keane, Clif, 210, 211
Keller, Charlie, 102, 204, 208, 248
Kennedy, Monte, 69
Kennelly, Martin H., 141, 192–93
Kenney, George Churchill, 141
Keyspan Park, 129
Kiner, Ralph, 46
King, Clyde, 85, 130, 217, 237
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 157, 270
King, Norma, 85
Kingsblood Royal (Lewis), 83, 111
Klem, Bill, 117
Kohl, Herb, 142
Koslo, Dave, 68
Koufax, Sandy, 156
Kurowski, Whitey, 146, 221, 223
Kutner, Abe, 148
Labine, Clem, 199
Lacy, Sam, 38, 59, 135
Lafayette News, 72
LaGuardia, Fiorello H., 23
Landis, Kenesaw Mountain, 29, 135, 179, 181–82, 206
Lang, Jack, 199
Lavagetto, Cookie, 42, 130, 164, 172, 247, 251–53, 255, 256
Lee, Canada, 65
Lehner, Paul “Peanuts,” 187–88
Leonard, Dutch, 73
Lewis, Sinclair, 83, 111
Liebowitz, Samuel S., 239
Life of Christ (Papini), 4
Lindell, Johnny, 236, 238, 242, 243, 248, 249, 250
Little, Malcolm, 119–22, 272
Littlefield, Dick, 271
Little World Series, 33
Lively, Red, 200
Lollar, Sherm, 247, 248
Lombardi, Vic, 68, 236–37, 252, 255
Long Island Press, 199
Lord, Bette Bao, 229
Los Angeles Times, 11, 273
Louis, Joe, 3, 32, 65, 68, 81–82, 120, 134, 235
Lynch, Pat, 86
McCarthy, Joe, 206
McCooey, Everett, 56
McCulley, Jim, 91–92
McCullough, Clyde, 165
McDonald, Bill, 148
McGowan, Roscoe, 172
McGriff, Edna Sims, 15–16
McKinney, Frank, 89
McLish, Cal, 89
MacPhail, Larry, 47, 203, 205–7
McQuinn, George, 204, 208, 236, 249, 261
Major League Baseball, 142
anti-JR strikes and boycotts threatened in, 4, 41–45, 60, 89, 90, 92–96, 97, 99, 100, 104, 145, 194, 201, 267
anti-Semitism in, 74, 76, 138
attendance in, 51–52, 67–68, 69, 86, 141, 145, 153, 160–61, 166, 186, 187, 188, 195, 208, 216, 231–32, 238, 244, 246
black players scouted for, 20, 21, 137, 169–70, 175–78, 179–83, 187, 193, 225
integration of, see integration, baseball
racism and bias in, 22, 29, 41–46, 47, 61, 73–77, 82, 87–88, 89, 92–93, 99–101, 105, 137, 176, 179, 254
segregation in, 4, 21, 29–30, 36, 80, 133, 135–36, 205, 216; see also Negro leagues
southerners in, 4, 22, 35–36, 40, 41–43, 45–46, 61, 88, 89, 91, 100, 109, 114, 165, 171, 266–67
Malcolm X, 119–22, 272
Mallory, William, 126
Maltin, Sam, 34
Manley, Effa and Abe, 182
Marchev, George, 155
Marion, Marty, 71, 163, 164, 216, 223
Marshall, George C., 240
Marshall, Thurgood, 149
Marshall, Willard, 69
Martin, Johnny Leonard Roo
sevelt “Pepper,” 231
Masi, Phil, 57
Mauch, Gene, 89, 265
Mays, Willie, 12
media:
black fans cautioned by, 53, 66–67, 142–43
death threat coverage by, 103–4
Dodger coverage by, 57, 65, 154, 196–97, 199–202, 211, 217, 230, 232, 236, 245, 246, 252
integration campaigns of, 134–36
on integration of baseball, 22, 34, 96–97, 106, 185, 186, 227, 230
JR coverage by, 32, 34, 37, 38–39, 49, 59–60, 61, 65, 76–77, 103–4, 111, 152, 170, 173, 200–202, 211, 220, 264, 269
and New York’s press coverage, 197–98
players’ relationship with, 196–97
race issue avoided by, 59–60, 76, 97, 111, 172, 186, 201–2
World Series coverage by, 235–36, 245, 246, 252, 257–58, 261
Medwick, Joe “Ducky,” 163, 220, 222
Memphis Red Sox, 180, 225
Merullo, Lennie, 164–66
Miksis, Eddie, 196, 247, 251, 252, 260–61
Minoso, Orestes “Minnie,” 193
Mize, Johnny “Big Cat,” 69, 85, 106, 153, 240
Montgomery bus boycott, 15, 64, 270
Montreal Royals, 30, 33, 37, 39, 46, 47, 59, 61, 71, 87, 149, 150, 164, 170, 175, 178, 180, 181, 182, 205, 225
Moore, Terry, 92
Moore, Willie, 157
Morehouse, Ward, 60–61
Moses, Brother, 29
Most Valuable Player Award, 138
Motley, Marion, 33–34
Muchnick, Isadore, 135–36
Muckerman, Richard, 186, 189
Mulvey, James and Deare, 90
Munger, George, 223
Munger, Red, 96
Murray, Arch, 232
Murray, Jim, 92
Musial, Stan, 85, 92, 93, 145, 163–64, 191, 219, 221, 222
Myer, Buddy, 76
Myrdal, Gunnar, 45–46
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 77–78, 147, 149, 170–71
National Basketball League, 13
National Football League, 13
National League, 25, 41, 51, 53, 61, 63, 72, 170, 182, 185, 220, 224, 231, 232, 267
boycott and strike rumors in, 92–96, 97, 99, 100–101, 104, 145, 163, 194, 201
pennant race in, 101, 130, 144, 153, 164, 166, 173, 174, 194, 202, 216, 217, 224, 227
Rookie of the Year contenders in, 201
National Youth Administration, 13
Neal, Joe, 145
Negro leagues, 17–19, 20–21, 101, 136, 153, 175–83, 184, 185, 187, 205, 226, 228–39
declining attendance in, 153, 175, 190–91, 192, 193, 275
East-West game in, 192–93
identity crisis for, 191–92
majors’ interest in, 20, 21, 137, 169–70, 175–78, 179–83, 187, 193, 225
World Series of, 177, 192
Newark Eagles, 175, 177, 180, 182, 183, 192, 228, 240
Newcombe, Don, 26, 36–37, 90, 130, 180
Newsom, Bobo, 246–47