Deputy-butler, John Chaucer as, 35–36
Deschamps, Eustace, 151, 268–269
Dionysius Cato, 95
Diplomat, Chaucer as, 227–228, 250
Diplomatic missions, 154
Dispenser, Hugh (elder), 53–54, 56–57
Dispenser, Hugh (younger), 53–54, 56–57
Divine Comedy (Dante), 132, 194, 229, 235, 239, 265
Dodgson, Charles, 97
Dominican order, 85, 89, 172
Donne, John, 8
Dream vision poetic form, 254–255
Dugdale, William, 154
Duns Scotus, 172
E
Eagles, in Parliament of Birds, 259, 262
Early pear, 225
Easterlings, 37
Eating habits, 64
Edward, the Black Prince, 202
Edward II, King of England, 33, 49–52, 57–58
Edward III, King of England
Alice Perrers and, 219–223
Fulke the Black story and, 114–115
Roger Mortimer and, 32–33
seizure of power by, 60
triumph of, 120–122
William II and, 56–57
Eight Parts of Speech (Aelius Donatus), 95
Eliot, T. S., 12, 153, 167
Elizabeth of Burgh, 105, 108, 127
Elmham, Roger, 336
Eltham palace, 319–321
Envoy a Scogan (Chaucer), 342–343, 367
Equatorie of the Planetis, The (attrib. Chaucer), 103
Erasmus, 66–67
Eroticism, 237. See also sex
Eschenbach, Wolfram von, 212
Evil Eye, 79
Ewelme seal, 189
Executions, 332
Exegetical method, 96–98
Extravagance, of Richard II, 314
F
Faith
in Summoner’s Tale, 316
in Troilus and Criseyde, 312–313
Fidelity, in Troilus and Criseyde, 196
Flanders mission, 37
Flemings, in London, 284
Florence, Italy, 232–234
Foreginers, in London, 284
Forester, Chaucer as, 41
Forester. Richard, 298
Former Age, The (Chaucer), 270–271, 304
Fortescue, John, 157, 158
Foul oak, 339
Franciscan order, 89, 155, 172
Franklin’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
class in, 305
government in, 347
illusions in, 109–110
love in, 195
Richard II in, 361–362
Free will, 170
French, Chaucer’s study of, 82
Friar, Chaucer’s altercation with, 154–157
Friar’s Tale (Chaucer), hierarchy in, 346–347. See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
Froissart, Jean, 44, 115
Frost, Robert, 167
Fulke the Black, 114
Furnivall, F.J., 24, 27–28
G
Galles, Owen de, 204
Galway, Margaret, 185, 319, 326
Gasciogne, Thomas, 191
Gascons, 124–125
Gasquet, F. A., 83
Gaunt, John
in ascension of Richard II, 272–273
birth of, 71
in Book of the Duchess, 130–131, 190
changing public opinion on, 274–275
death of Blanche of Lancaster and, 209–210
as duke, 43
as educational sponsor, 159–160
Elizabeth Chaucer and, 182–183
favors to Chaucer, 184–185
in French expedition, 207–209
Good Parliament of 1376 and, 260–261
Guichard d’Angle and, 205
historical regard of, 128–130
as intellectual, 130–131
John Latimer and, 316–317
as king of Castile, 203
in Lincoln, 184
meets Chaucer, 128
palace of, in revolt, 292
party of, 9–10
Philipot and, 247
Philippa Chaucer and, 182–183, 185, 191–192
poll tax and, 286–287
Robert de Vere and, 309
servants of, 111–112
surname of, 28–29
Thomas Chaucer and, 188–194
Wyclif and, 273–274
Ypres family and, 36
Gaveston, Piers, 50–53
Gawain-poet, 16–17, 229. See also Massey, John
Gedney, John, 337
Genoa, 230
Gentilesse (Chaucer), 289, 303
Geoffrey of Vinsauf, 164
Giotto’s campanile, 234–235
Gisers, John, 37
Gloucester, duke of. see Thomas of Woodstock
God
Aquinas and, 88
homosexuality and, 51
in Massey, 18
nominalism and, 174–175
plague and, 88
Platonic idea of, 175
Godwin, William, 27
Good Parliament of 1376, 223, 260–261
Gothic Architecture (Morris), 66
Government, in Franklin’s Tale, 347
Gower, John, 18–20, 69, 138, 284–285, 298
Graduated tax, 287
Gray, Thomas, 146–147
Great Pestilence, The (Gasquet), 83
“Great Slaughter,” 178–180
Greek studies, 163
Greenwich royal manor, 319, 323
Gregory XI, Pope, 219
Griselda, in Clerk’s Tale, 303–304
Grosseteste, Robert, 21, 163, 171–172
Guildsmen, 67–68
Gunpowder, 211–212
Guzmán, Leonor de, 200–201
H
Hackney, Nigel, 39
Hainault kingdom, 44
Hales, J., W, 194
Hales, John, 291
Halweford, Nicholas of, 31
Hangings, at foul oak, 339
Harve of Leon, 228
Hawkwood, John, 297
Health, of Philippa Chaucer, 324–325
Hell, 132 ‘
Henry IV, King of England, 312, 367–368. See also Bolingbroke, Henry
Henry of Lancaster, see Lancaster, Henry
Henry of Trastamara. see Trastamara, Henry
Herbury, Henry, 27
Heyroun, Thomas, 31, 32, 41, 45–46
Hierarchy, in Friar’s Tale, 346–347
Hintonjohn, 105, 106
Hoccleve, Thomas, 268
Holistic, philosophy as, 168–169
Holland, John, 254, 312
Holland, Thomas, 135, 136, 313
Holy day celebrations, 108–110
Home furnishings, 66
Homosexuals, in Middle Ages, 51
Horscroft, William, 370
House of Fame (Chaucer)
allegorical writing in, 96–97
Boethian ideas in, 171
Chaucer in, 7, 245–246
crowd in, 113
humanism in, 235
logic in, 98–100
nominalism in, 174
Philippa Chaucer in, 193–194, 195
rhetoric in, 100–101
Spanish trip in, 181
worry in, 13
writing of, 307
Hugo of Massey, 17
Hulbert, J.R., 185
Humanism, 235
Huntingfield, William, 340
Huxley, Aldous, 302
Hyde, John, 306
Hyde, William de la, 179
Hygiene, 64, 66–67
I
Illusions, 109–110
Income, of Chaucer, 299–300
Inferno (Dante), 239
Inns of chancery, 157
Inns of court, 157–158
Introduction to the Categories of Aristotle (Porphyry), 173
Irish, Lionel of Antwerp and, 127
Isabella, Queen of France, 56–57, 133, 355–356
&
nbsp; Italy
as ally against France, 252
architecture in, 231–235
Chaucer in, 228–242
music in, 230–231
J
James, Henry, 230
James of Provan, 227
Jealousy, in Troilus and Criseyde, 198–199
Joan of Kent, 134–136, 219, 323
John, King of France, 144
John of Gaunt. See Gaunt, John
John of Mari, 227
John of Massey. See Massey, John
John of Wesenham. See Wesenham, John
Jones, R. H., 330
Jousting, 116–120
Jubilee year, 276
“Jugglers,” 69–70
justice of the peace, Chaucer as, 325–327
K
Kay, F. George, 216–217
Kilkenny, Statute of, 127
Kingship
Richard II’s idea of, 310–311
self-determination and, 280
Kirkby, David de, 179
Knighton, Henry, 85–86, 87–88
Knight’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
Boethian philosophy in, 92
chivalry in, 212
cosmology in, 349
Henry Lancaster in, 60
jousting in, 117
love in, 199
in order of writing, 345
Knoll, Robert, 227
Knyvet, John, 260
Krauss, Russell, 188, 189–190
L
Lack of Steadfastness (Chaucer), 270, 304
Lady of the Sun. See Perrers, Alice
Lancaster, Henry, 32–33, 36, 43–44, 54–57, 60, 145
Lancaster, Thomas, 51–57, 59–60
Langland, William, 6, 15, 86, 222–223
language, Bacon and, 163–164
Latimer, John, 316
Latimer, William, 261
Latin, Chaucer’s study of, 82
Legend of Good Women (Chaucer), 245, 268, 275, 304, 319
Leland (antiquary), 160
Letters of protection, 298
Life-Records of Chaucer (Furnivall), 27–28
Lionel of Antwerp, 105, 108, 126–128, 215
Living arrangements, 64–66
“loblogic,” 98
Logic, argument by analogy and, 167
Lollard knights, 136, 176, 179–180
London
in Middle Ages, 25–26
population of, 26–27
L’Ordene de Chevalerie, 212
Lorris, Guillaume de, 132
Louis IV, King of Belgium, 33
Lounsbury, T. R., 147, 194
Love. See also sex
attitudes on, 131–132
in Boethius, 167
in Book of the Duchess, 139, 194–195
as central subject, 12, 20
Chaucer’s knowledge of, 195–196
in Chaucer’s life, 137–142
chivalry and, 132
in Dante, 240–241
in Franklin’s Tale, 195
in Gower, 19–20
in Knight’s Tale, 199
in Man of Law’s Tale, 195
Platonism and, 21
in Troilus and Criseyde, 139, 141–142
Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The (Eliot), 153
Luce, Simon, 223
Lydgate, John, 188, 268
Lyons, Richard, 42, 246–247, 261
M
Macrobius, 13
Magic, 79–80, 109–110
Malatesta family, 62
malnourishment, 84
Malory, Thomas, 212
Malyn, Agnes, 31–32
Man of Law’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
marriage in, 195
in order of writing, 345
Manciple’s Tale (Chaucer), 349, 351– 353. See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
Manly, J. M., 26, 31, 153–154, 193, 226
Manners, 81
Manning, Simon, 40
Mannington, Simon, 328
Margaret of Flanders, 227
Marie of France, 252, 259
Marriage
of Chaucer, 181–182, 193–194, 196–199
in coronation ceremony, 277
in Man of Law’s Tale, 195
in Monk’s Tale, 267
in Wife of Bath’s Tale, 197
Marriage commission, 252
Masques, 113–114
Massey, Hugo of. See Hugo of Massey
Massey, John, 16–18, 89
McKisack, May, 49–50, 276
Medieval philosophy, 173. See also philosophy
Melancholy, of Richard II, 312
Mental health, of Richard II, 360–361
Merchants, corrupt, 217–218
Merchant’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
eroticism in, 238
impotence in, 76
Merciless Parliament, 332, 357
Metamorphoses (Ovid), 95
Metaphor
in philosophy, 167
in Second Nun’s Tale, 167–168
Metaphysics, 166–167
Meun, Jean de, 132
Middle Ages
adulthood in, 105
animals in, 65
childhood in, 72–73
church bells in, 70–71
criminals in, 68–70
education in, 94
games in, 73–74
God in, 90
home furnishings in, 66
homosexuality in, 51
impact of plague on, 83–84
kingship in, 34
law and order in, 67
legal studies in, 157–158
living arrangements in, 64–66
London in, 25–26
madness of, 63
nighttime in, 70
passion of men in, 73
population in, 25–26
sleeping arrangements in, 65
surnames in, 28–29
virtue in, 63
wet nurses in, 72–73
world of, 62–71
Miller’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
Alice Perrers in, 225
celebration in, 112
Christianity in, 80
jousting in, 119
in order of writing, 345
student in, 161
Milton, John, 98
Mirour de I’Omme (Gower), 20, 69, 284–285
Monk’s Tale (Chaucer), 242, 264–267.
See also Canterbury Tales
(Chaucer)
Montagu, William, 116
Morel, Richard, 302
Morris, William, 66
Morte Arthure (anon.), 13–14, 114–115
Mortimer, Edmund, 111, 122, 366
Mortimer, Roger, 32, 43, 48, 57
Mortimer, Roger (son of Edmund), 122
“Movables” tax, 287–288
Mowbray, Thomas, 355
Muse, of Chaucer, 342–343
Music
in Italy, 230–231
as metaphor, 5–6
“Mutterers,” 176
Mysticism, of Dante, 238
N
Nature, in Chaucer, 321
Nebuchadnezzar, 266, 267
Neo-paganism, 221–222
Neoplatonism, 90–91, 171–172, 221–222
Neville, John, 261
Neville, William, 301
Newfield, John, 294
Nicholas of Halweford. See Halweford, Nicholas of
Nigel of Hackney. See Hackney, Nigel
Nightmare, 80
Nine Worthies, 265
Nominalism, 89, 164, 173–175, 256, 350
Normandy landing, 120–122
Northampton, John, 246–247, 249, 268, 306
Northwell, Henry, 38–39
Numerology, 258
Nun’s Priest’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chau
cer)
revolt in, 290–291
widow in, 322
O
Occult studies, 170
Ockham, William, 21
Ockham’s razor, 172–173
Optics, 171
Order of the Garter, 243–245, 264
Organization, of Peasant’s Revolt, 282–283
Ovid, 95
Owl and the Nightingale, The (unknown), 238
Oxford University, 160–162, 164, 170, 172, 177–180
P
Padilla, Maria de, 201
Paganism, in Book of the Duchess, 221–222
Palazzo Vecchio, 234
Palmer, Thomas, 364–365
Pan, Philippa, 138
Panel-structure poetry, 255
Paon of Roet, 138
Papal schism, 314–315
Paranoia, of Richard II, 360–361
Pardoner’s Tale (Chaucer). See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
debauchery in, 208
drama in, 347
music in, 231
plague in, 85
Parliament
dissolution of, 330
in Parliament of Birds, 262
Parliament of 1376, 223, 260–261
Parliament of Birds (Chaucer), 13, 181, 239–240, 257–264
Parliament of the Three Ages (unknown), 15
Parson’s Tale (Chaucer), 303
Parzival (Eschenbach), 212
Patch, Howard, 302
Paternity, of Thomas Chaucer, 188–194
Patience (attrib. Massey), 17, 18
Patronymic surnames, 28–29
Pear, early, 225
Pearl (attrib. John of Massey), 17, 89
Peasants’ Revolt of 1381, 279–296, 302–308
Pedro the Cruel, 125, 181, 200–205
Pelican family, 39
Pepperers, 228
Percy, Henry, 36, 278
Percy, Thomas, 297, 354
Perrers, Alice, 39, 42, 133, 184, 206, 213–226
Peter IV, King of Aragon, 202
Petherton Forest, 41
Petrarch, Francesco, 228, 236, 241, 255
Philip of Courtenay, 224
Philip the Bold, 209
Philipot, John, 39–40, 246–247, 301
Philippa of Hainault, 133–135, 214–216
Philippa Pan, 138–139. See also Chaucer, Philippa
Philosophy
in Canterbury Tales, 257
Christianity and, 90–93
as holistic, 168–169
medieval, 173
poetry and, 166–167, 255–256
in Troitus and Criseyde, 256–257
Phrasebooks, 236
Physician, in Canterbury Tales, 169
Physician’s Tale (Chaucer), 349, 350–351. See also Canterbury Tales (Chaucer)
Piazza Signoria, 234
Picard, Henry, 36
Pier, Elias, 213
Pierpont, Reginald, 106
Piers Plowman (Langland)
approach in, 6
world in, 16
Pisano, Andrea, 234–236
Pits, John, 161
Plaghe, Simon de, 40
Plague
Aquinas and, 88
beginning of, 61
Blanche of Lancaster and, 209
bubonic, 84
Christianity and, 85–86, 88
as end of Middle Ages, 83–84
exaggeration of, 83
jousting and, 118
medical aspect of, 84–85