laws against
and Northerners
and Northern gumption
and personal explanations
and personal reputation
and privilege of debate
Pryor-Potter challenge
and Randolph
rules for
sectional complications of
and sectional differences
and street fights
and Sumner caning
and Thirty-sixth Congress
and working conditions
see also Cilley-Graves duel; honor, code of
Duer, William
Duer-Meade fight
Duncan, Alexander
Dunn, William
Edmundson, Henry
education
emotion
Ely, Alfred
Everett, Edward
Fairfield, John
Farnsworth, John
Fashions and Follies of Washington Life (Preuss)
Fessenden, William Pitt
Field, Alexander P.
fighting men
see also noncombatants
Fillmore, Millard
financial panics
First Amendment, see free speech; right of petition
Fisher, Charles
Fletcher, Richard
Foltz, Jonathan M.
Foote, Henry
and bullying
character of
and Compromise of 1850
and Confederate Congress
fights of
and Hale
as political combatant
see also Benton-Foote conflict
Forney, John
Forsyth, John
Fort Sumter, Battle of (1861)
Frederick Douglass’ Paper
free speech:
and Compromise of 1850
and gag rule debate
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
Northern rights
and presidential election (1860)
significance of
and Sumner caning
see also words, dangerous
Fremont, John C.
French, Benjamin
French, Benjamin Brown
and Adams
and alcohol
and Andrew Johnson
and armed combat in Congress
arrival in Washington of
biography of
and Bleeding Kansas
on Carter’s death
character of
on Cilley
and Cilley-Graves duel
Cilley-Graves duel responses of
and Civil War
as clerk
and clerkship election of 1849
and Compromise of 1850
and concern for Union
and congressional violence
and Constitution
in conversation with slaveholders
death of
Democratic Party role of
diary of
and disunion threats
as doughface
early life and education of
and 1852 presidential campaign
funeral of
and gag rule debate
on gallery-sitters
and Gettysburg
and Giddings
and history
on honor code
and Jackson
and Johnson
and Kansas claims
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
and Know Nothings
later life of
and Lincoln
and livelihood of
and Mary Todd Lincoln
and Masons
New England perspective of
and New Hampshire
and Northern appeasement of Southerners
on Northern honor and rights
and Pierce
political rise of
political transition of
and press
private life of
and poems and songs
and Reconstruction
and Republican Party
and rules of order
and secession
and sectional differences in violence
and sectional rights
and slavery
and Southerners
and Southern pastimes
and speakership election of 1839
and Sumner caning
and telegraph
violent impulses of
and Webster
and Wilmot Proviso
and Wise-Stanly fight
as witness
French, Daniel
French, Daniel Chester
French, Elizabeth “Bess” Richardson
French, Frank:
and “Barbarism of Slavery” speech
birth of
diary of
and French’s death
marriage of
and Sumner caning
French, Henry
French, Mary Ellen Brady
Fugitive Slave Act
gag rule debate
and Adams campaign
Adams’s oratory in
and bullying
costs of
and dueling
and 1852 presidential campaign
end of
and free speech
French’s response in
and Giddings
and Northern appeasement of Southerners
origins of
press coverage of
public response to
and right of petition
and rules of order
and sectional rights
and slaveholder anger
and violence
Speaker role in
Gales, Joseph, Jr.
gallery-sitters
Garfield, James
Gayle, John
Gettysburg
Gholson, Samuel
Giddings, Joshua
and Adams
and antislavery activity in Congress
as “antislavery toreador”
and bullying
censure of
and Compromise of 1850
Dawson’s conflict with
French’s admiration of
and gag rule debate
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
on Know Nothings
and Northern appeasement of Southerners
as political combatant
and Republican Party
and slavery in Washington, D.C.
and speakership election (1855)
Gill, E. H.
Gist, William
Globe, see Congressional Globe
Granger, Amos
Graves, William J.
background of
character of
and gag rule debate
and press
reelection of
see also Cilley-Graves duel
Greeley, Horace
Green, Duff
Green, James
Grinnell, Josiah
Grow, Galusha A.
Grow-Branch fight
see also Keitt-Grow fight
Hale, John Parker:
and Compromise of 1850
and conventional image of Congress
and Foote
and gag rule debate
and Northern appeasement of Southerners
as political combatant
and Republican Party
and sectional rights
and slaveholders
and working conditions
Hall, Willard
Hamlin, Hannibal
Hammond, James Henry
Hannegan, Edward
Harpers Ferry raid (1859)
Harrison, William Henry
Haskin, John
Hawes, Richard
Hawthorne, Nathaniel
Hazard, E. W.
Helper, Hinton Brown
Herbert, Philemon
H
ickman, John
Hill, Benjamin
Hill, Isaac
Holmes, Isaac
honor, code of:
and Benton-Foote conflict
and Cilley-Graves duel
and cross-sectional party bonds
and doughface epithet
and Northerner cowardice charges
and Northern ignorance of
Northern version of
and political parties
and Southerner anger at antislavery advocacy
and speakership conflict (1859)
and verbal abuse
see also dueling and duel challenges; sectional rights
House of Representatives, U.S.
clerkship election of 1849 in
and gag rule debate
interaction tone in
and nature of Speaker
physical conditions in
rules of order in
Speaker role in
speakership election of 1839 in
speakership election of 1849 in
speakership election of 1855 in
speakership election of 1859 in
House of Representatives, U.S., Senate vs.:
bullying and
caricature of
interaction tone in
physical conditions of
and rules of order
Houston, Sam
Howard, Volney
humor
Impending Crisis, The—How to Meet It (Helper)
Intelligencer, see National Intelligencer
Iverson, Alfred, Sr.
Jackson, Andrew:
and Andrew Johnson
assassination attempts on
and Benton
and bullying
and Democratic Party
and dueling
and French
and Isaac Hill
passionate nature of
and Polk
and Union
Jackson, James
Jameson, John
Jarvis, Leonard
Jefferson, Thomas
Jenifer, Daniel
Johnson, Andrew
and Henry Wise
Johnson, Cost
Jones, George W.
Julian, George
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854):
and bullying
and Campbell’s resistance campaign
and Cutting-Breckenridge fight
Douglas proposal for
and French’s political transition
and predictions of congressional violence
and press
and Republican Party
and sectional distrust
and sectional rights
see also Bleeding Kansas
Keitt, Laurence M.
and armed combat in Congress
and Edmundson-Hickman fight
and 1859 speakership conflict
and 1860 presidential election
and French
as political combatant
and predictions of congressional violence
and Sumner caning
see also Keitt-Grow fight
Keitt, Susanna
Keitt-Grow fight (1858)
Kelley, William
Kelley-Field fight
Kellogg, William
King, John
Knapp, Chauncey
Knights Templar of the United States
see also Masons
Know Nothings
Ku Klux Klan
Lander, Frederick
Lane, James
lawyers
Lecompton constitution
letter-writers
Lewis, Dixon
Lieber, Francis
Lincoln, Abraham:
assassination of
in 1860 presidential election
and French
nomination of
and reconstruction plan
Lincoln, Mary Todd
Lincoln Memorial
Linn, Lewis
liquor, see alcohol
lobbyists
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth
Lovejoy, Elijah
Lovejoy, Owen
Lowell Daily Citizen
Lynch, Anne
McClelland, Robert
McConnell, Felix Grundy
McDougall, James
Magnetic Telegraph Company
Mangum, Willie
manhood
Mann, Ambrose Dudley
Mann, Horace
Manual of Parliamentary Practice
Marryat, Fredrick
Marsh, George P.
Marshall, Thomas
Marshall-Webb duel
Martineau, Harriet
Mason, James
Masons
Massachusetts Spy
Maury, Abram
Meade, Richard Kidder
Medill, Joseph
Menefee, Richard H.
Mercer, Charles Fenton
Mexican War
Milwaukee Sentinel and Gazette
Missouri Compromise (1820)
see also Kansas-Nebraska Act
Morris, Thomas
Morse, Samuel
National Aegis
National Era
national expansion
National Intelligencer
national landscape:
and alcohol
and education
localized nature of
Northern slavery in
and political parties
and violence
nativism
Newark Daily Advertiser
New England
New Hampshire
New Hampshire Patriot
New Hampshire Spectator
New Hampshire Statesman
New London Chronicle
New Mexico
newspapers, see press
New York Courier and Enquirer
New York Day Book
New York Express
New York Herald
New York Times
New-York Tribune
Noncombatants
see also fighting men
Nisbet, Eugenius
Northern appeasement of Southerners
and Cilley-Graves duel
and clerkship election (1849)
and doughface epithet
and gag rule debate
and honor
and Pierce
and presidential campaign (1852)
technical strategies for
Northern culture, see sectional differences
Northerners in Congress
increasingly violent
see also doughfaces
Northern gumption:
and Compromise of 1850
and dueling
and free speech
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
and Republican Party
Nullification Crisis (1832–33)
oratory
of Adams
of Buncombe
of Clay
of Webster
see also specific speeches
“Orgies in Hell, over Secession” (French)
Outlaw, David:
on alcohol
and armed warfare threats
and Benton-Foote conflict
and Compromise of 1850
on congressional violence
and conventional image of Congress
and disunion threats
on Foote
and sectional differences
Parker, Theodore
parliamentary rules, see rules of order
party politics, nature of
Pennington, William
performative representation
see also congressional violence: and representation
personal explanations
petitioning
Peyton, Balie
Whitney fight and
Phillips, Wendell
photography
phrenology
Pickens, Francis
Pierce, Franklin
and alcohol
on American violence
and anti-dueling law
and Cilley
and Cilley-Graves duel
and Civil War
on dueling
in 1852 presidential campaign
and French
and gag rule debate
on gallery-sitters
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
and Know Nothings
and Northern appeasement of Southerners
reelection of
reputation of
and slavery
and son’s death
Pike, James Shepherd
Plug Uglies
Poindexter, George
“political friends”
political parties:
and Cilley-Graves duel
and Compromise of 1850
and congressional violence
and cross-sectional bonds
decline of
and honor code
and Jackson
loyalty to
nature of
personal impact of
and press partisanship
see also Democratic Party; Northern appeasement of Southerners; Republican Party; Whig Party
Polk, James K.
popular culture
see also Congress, U.S.; press
Portland Weekly Advertiser
Potter, John “Bowie Knife”
Potter, Robert
Potter-Pryor fight
Prentiss, Samuel S.
presidential campaign (1852)
French’s role in
and Jackson
and press
presidential elections:
of 1828
of 1860
press:
and amplification of congressional violence
and Benton-Foote conflict
and bullying
and Cilley-Graves duel
congressmen’s attempts to control
conspiracy theories
and cycle of stridency
and disunion
and 1852 presidential campaign
extent of coverage by
French’s presence in
and gag rule debate
and gallery-sitters
and Grinnell caning
humor in
and importance of Congress
and Kansas-Nebraska Act
and Keitt-Grow fight
and letter-writers
national reach of
New York City newspapers
and Northern appeasement of Southerners
and obscuring of congressional conflict
partnership of
partisan nature of
political power of
and reporters
rise of independent
as source
and Sumner caning
violence against
see also specific newspapers
Preston, William Campbell
Preuss, Henry Clay
privilege of debate
Pryor, Roger
Punch
railroads
Randolph, John
Raymond, Henry
Reconstruction
Reed, Thomas B.
Register of Debates
Republican Party:
and antislavery advocacy
and aggression
and Bleeding Kansas
and 1860 presidential election
French’s role in
ideology of
and Northern gumption
public response
and Reconstruction
rise of
and speakership conflict of 1859
and speakership election of 1855
and Sumner caning