paranoid schizophrenia. See mental state of lone wolves; psychological profiles of lone wolf attackers
“Patterns of Global Terrorism” (US State Department), 303Appendixn1
Paulin-Ramirez, Jamie, 138
Peel, Robert, 289–90n58
Pena, Frederico, 76
Pendleton Act of 1883, 157
pentaerythritol tetranitrate. See PETN
Penthouse (magazine), 77
“People's Will, The.” See Narodnaya Volya
Perez, Shimon, 171, 173, 175
Persian Gulf War (1990–1991), 48, 237
PETN (plastic explosive), 187
PFLP. See Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
physiological biometrics, 194–97
Future Attribute Screening Technology, 199–201
Pillai, G. K., 23
Pittsburgh, PA, killing of police officers, 30–31, 202
planes and terrorism, 37, 255
attempted bombings, 20, 56, 106, 213
Faisal Shahzad's attempt to leave country after, 215, 297–98n71
bombings, 15, 76, 113, 185, 267n4
first major midair plane bombing in US (1955), 15, 16–17, 18, 19, 68–72, 85, 132–33, 263–64. See also photo inserts
first midair plane bombing in US (1933), 267n4
flying plane into IRS building in Austin, TX, 30, 202, 209, 225
hijackings, 32, 40, 77, 90, 106, 115–17, 118–19, 121, 171, 251, 263, 280–81nn7, 24
increase in bomb threats after 1955, 264
suicide/hijacking. See September 11, 2001
Planned Parenthood clinic attack, ix
Platt, Thomas, 153
political terrorism. See antigovernment ideology
Pol Pot, 286n1
Ponto, Jurgen, 119–20
Poplawski, Richard, 30–31, 202
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), 115–16, 281–82n24
Porter, John K., 156
Porter, Lindsey, 163
Posner, Gerald, 164, 169
potassium chloride, plan to use to poison water supplies, 93
Preston, Richard, 95
privacy issues and biometrics, 201
product contamination as a terrorist tactic, 40, 86
Progressive Party (Norway), 51
propaganda war and battle against terrorism, 210–12
psychological profiles of lone wolf attackers
encouraging lone wolves to communicate, 222–24
lone wolves not always crazy, 233–34
psychological issues in idosyncratic lone wolves, 10, 44, 78, 79, 82, 85, 86
psychological warning signs, 208–209
use of as psychological warfare against, 217–22
See also mental state of lone wolves
public awareness, need for increased, 212–13
Public CCTV Managers Association, 191
Puerto Rico, separatist efforts, 164
purchases as warning signs, 209
Rabin, Yitzhak, assassination of, 43, 171–76, 178, 192, 241
radicalization process, 11, 56, 183, 230–31, 252–53
self-radicalization, 184, 247
via Internet, 21, 35, 202–204, 247
RAF. See Red Army Faction of West Germany (RAF)
RAND, 7
Rantisi, Abdel Aziz, 124
rape as motivation for women terrorists, 283n36
Rapoport, David C., 25–26, 148, 244, 282n25
Rasim, Isaiak. See Kurbegovic, Muharem
RB. See Red Brigades of Italy
Reagan, Ronald, attempted assassination of, 177
recombinant Protective Antigen. See rPA anthrax vaccine
Red Army Faction of West Germany (RAF), 27, 119–22
Red Army of Japan, 27
Red Brigades of Italy, 27, 122, 129
redemption as motivation for women terrorists, 127
Reid, Richard, 106, 213
Reilly, Nicky, 31–32, 203
relationships as motivation for women terrorists, 127
religious lone wolves, 44, 83, 84, 86–87, 183, 282n26. See also Hasan, Nidal Malik; Von Brunn, James
Religious Wave of terrorism begun in 1979, 26, 27, 244, 245.
remorse and lone wolves, 63, 84, 86
lack of remorse, 17, 70, 79, 86, 141
Republican Party in 1880, 151–53, 157
respect as motivation for women terrorists, 127
responsive measures after a lone wolf attack, 213–17
retina scanning, use of for identification, 196, 197
revenge as motivation for women terrorists, 127
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, 113
ricin, 109, 110, 189, 206, 250, 287n4
Department of Homeland Security on dangers of, 36
Norway having a right-wing extremist database, 50
See also Amir, Yigal; Breivik, Anders; Fuchs, Franz; McVeigh, Timothy
risk aversion in women, 128–30
Rivera, Geraldo, 184
RMR-1029 (anthrax strain), 100
Robespierre, Maximilien, 286n1
Roeder, Scott, 283n38
Rohweder, Detlev, assassination of, 121
Roosevelt, Franklin D., attempted assassination of, 177
Roosevelt, Theodore, 162–63, 178
Rosenberg, Ethel and Julius, 166
rPA anthrax vaccine, 97, 98
Ruby, Jack, 167
Ruby Ridge, ID, government siege of, 48
Rudolph, Eric, 59–64, 83, 84, 86, 134, 215
expressing remorse for Olympic bombing, 63, 86
mental state, 234
motivations of, 60, 61, 62–63, 85
seen as a “folk-hero” by some, 62, 225
See also photo inserts
Rumsfeld, Donald, 303Appendixn6
Rush to Judgment (Lane), 168
Russia/Soviet Union, 234
Chechen rebel movement, 124, 246
Narodnaya Volya [“The People's Will”], 113, 114–15, 146
Oswald wishing to defect to Soviet Union, 166
Russian anarchist movement, 26, 114
Soviet Union and Cuban missile crisis, 170, 291n86
Soviet Union as main source of international terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s, 232
Soviet Union blamed for Kennedy assassination, 168
Stalin's Russia, 286n1
Sabbah, Hasan, 145
Sacco, Nicola, 104
Sageman, Marc, 35, 183, 203–204, 210–11
Salt Lake City, UT, bombing in, 77, 238
San Bernardino, California, shooting spree in, vii, viii
Sandia National Laboratories, 91
Santayana, George, 229
sarin nerve gas, 108–109
threat to use over Washington, DC, 81
used in Tokyo subway system, 42, 90–91, 93, 108
Saudi Arabia, 27
intelligence providing information on AQAP bomb, 186–87, 246
Schamber, Donald Wayne, 188
Schünemann, Uwe, 247
Secret Service, 81, 158
secular lone wolves, 43–44, 46, 83, 84, 86, 282n26. See also Breivik, Anders; McVeigh, Timothy
Seditionist (journal), 34
self-radicalization. See radicalization process
Senate Homeland Security Committee, 9
separatist causes, 43, 48, 113, 164, 247, 282n26
September 11, 2001, 40, 42, 49, 89, 101, 116, 237, 243–45
as “acts of war,” 252
as a “black-swan” event, 279–80n51
causing increased public awareness of terrorism, 212
causing worry about possibility of WMD attacks, 93
“conspiracy” theories, 147–48
efforts to prevent another, 184
Seveso, Italy, dioxin damage in, 72–73
Shahzad, Faisal, 8, 56, 214–15, 265, 297–98n71
Shanksville, PA, 40
Shannon, Rachelle, 283n38
Sherman, John, 151
Sherman, William, 151
Shi'as, 27, 123, 145, 260
“shoe bomber.” See Reid, Richard
shootings as a terrorist tactic, vii, viii, 40, 83, 90, 109, 113, 115, 132, 262, 266
Mumbai massacre, 89, 191
shooting outside CIA headquarters, 261–62
See also Breivik, Anders; Guiteau, Charles; Hasan, Nidal Malik; Oswald, Lee Harvey; van der Graaf, Volkert; Von Brunn, James
Shultz, George, 251–52
Sicarii, 145, 181
Simon, Jeffrey D., 7
single-issue lone wolves, 24, 44, 45, 46, 59–67, 83, 84, 86, 183, 230, 234. See also Rudolph, Eric; van der Graaf, Volkert
Skjolberg, Katja H-W, 25
“smart CCTV,” 193–94, 199
Smith, Stephen, 23
Socialist Nationalist Party of Syria, 124
Socialist Revolutionary movement, 115
socialization and lone wolves, 130–31
social media
allowing lone wolf to be “connected” and be anonymous, 33–34
as way to publicize terrorists’ causes, 207
See also Facebook; Twitter; YouTube
sodium cyanide, 79, 82
Soldier Readiness Center at Fort Hood, 54. See also photo inserts
Soviet Union. See Russia/Soviet Union
Spanish American War, 163
Spencer, Robert, 52
Sprinzak, Ehud, 42–43
Sri Lanka, Tamil Tigers in, 113, 123
Stack, Joseph, 30, 202–203, 204–205, 209, 225
Stalin, Joseph, 286n1
“Stalwarts” of the Republican Party in 1880, 151–53
State Department, 251–52
defining terrorism, 259–60, 264
reports on terrorism, 303Appendixn1
statistics on lone wolf terrorism, 239–41, 300–301n14
Sterling, Claire, 232
Stern, Jessica, 42
“Stockholm Syndrome,” 117–18, 119
Stoltenberg, Jens, 49, 242
Stone, Oliver, 168
strangers, lone wolves more able to kill, 132–33
Suffolk, England, bombing attempt, 24
suicide attacks as a terrorist tactic, 24, 32, 40, 109, 114, 123–26, 135, 142, 191, 203, 219, 246, 279–80n51
innocents killed in, 56n114
suicide/hijacking. See September 11, 2001
suicide terrorists showing psychological signs, 142, 208–209
women participating in, 113, 114, 123–27, 135, 248. See also Reilly, Nicky; Stack, Joseph
Summer Olympics. See Olympics
Sunnis, 125, 145, 260
“Superbomb” (essay found in an al Qaeda home), 93–94
Supreme Court (US), 186
surveillance, 27, 32, 182, 188, 192–93, 215
online surveillance, 20, 32, 192
See also closed-circuit television (CCTV)
Sverdlocsk, Soviet Union, microbiology lab in, 96
Swedish cartoonist. See Vilks, Lars, threats to kill
Swissair, hijackings of, 116
Symbionese Liberation Army, 122
Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party, 124
tabun nerve gas, 82
tactics used by terrorists. See assassinations; barricade-hostage incidents; bombings; chemical weapons; cyberterrorism; hijackings; kidnappings; product contamination; shootings; suicide attacks
Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, 107, 279–80n51
Tamil Tigers. See Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
targets of lone wolves, 10, 21, 25, 39–43, 59, 61, 84, 109–10, 217
effect of terrorist violence on targets, 37, 207, 236, 238, 257
governments as targets, 92, 94, 105, 121, 122–23, 146, 177, 181, 233, 236
use of Internet to study targets, 20, 29, 32, 106, 142, 192, 235
tattoos, use of to identify lone wolf attackers, 216–17
Technological Wave of terrorism, 25, 27–29, 245–48
technology
impact of on terrorism, 20, 21, 91, 235–36, 256
“technological wave of terrorism,” 25–28
use of to fight terrorism, 184–227
See also Internet and terrorism
Tehran, Iran, US hostages in, 89
television and assassination of Kennedy, 167–68
“Terror High,” 281–82n24
terrorism
battle against as a propaganda war, 210–12
and “black swan” attacks, 107
characteristics of, 18
combatting, 181–227
Congress passing law in 1956 on bombings of planes and commercial vehicles, 69, 263–64
conventional terrorist attacks, 90. See also bombings; hijackings; kidnappings; shootings
definition of, 10, 37–38, 251, 259–66
in the 1970s, 9
first used during French Revolution, 145, 286n1
narrowing definition, 265–66
domestic terrorism, 36, 59, 61, 260, 261, 300–301n14
freedom fighter vs. terrorist, 37, 117
future of, 243–53
government-sponsored terrorism, 25, 94, 181–82, 184, 252, 257
as a group activity, 18
impact of publicizing terrorist threats, 23–24
international terrorism, 20, 171, 300–301n14
Soviet Union as main source of in the 1970s and 1980s, 232
statistics on, 239
waves of, 244
“leaderless resistance,” 34–36, 183
lulls in terrorist attacks, 237–39
misleading nature of statistics on, 239
problem of equating terrorism with war, 251–52
psychological comparison of lone wolves and terrorist group members, 233–34
reasons for, 24–25
religious extremists, 122–23, 282n26
responsive measures after an attack, 213–17
retiring from terrorist life, 282n26
secular terrorism showing constraint on violence, 122
tactics. See assassinations; barricade-hostage incidents; bombings; chemical weapons; cyberterrorism; hijackings; kidnappings; product contamination; shootings; suicide attacks
taking the glory out of, 211
and technology, 20, 21. See also Internet and terrorism
“technological wave of terrorism,” 25–28
throwing entire nation into crisis, 89
waves of terrorism, 25–26, 282n25. See also anarchy; Anti-Colonial Wave of terrorism begun in 1920s; New Left Wave of terrorism begun in 1960s; Religious Wave of terrorism begun in 1979; Technological Wave of terrorism
women terrorists, 113–27
factors that might make more women lone wolves, 134–35
reasons why fewer women lone wolves, 127–34
See also antigovernment ideology; anti-Islamic extremism; Islamic extremism; lone wolves; neo-Nazi terrorist activities; right-wing extremism; white supremacy
Terrorist's Handbook, The (on the Internet), 31
Terrorist Trap: America's Experience with Terrorism, The (Simon), 7
Terror Network, The (Sterling), 232
Texas School Book Depository, 167
Thatcher, Margaret, 21–22
Thompson, James, 184
Tiller, George, assassination of, 283n38
Times Square, New York City, bombing attempt, 8, 56, 214–15, 265, 297–98n71
Timms, Stephen, attempted assassination of, 140–41
Tokyo subway system nerve gas attack in 1995, 42, 90–91, 93, 108
Tolstoy, Leo, 149
Trans World Airlines, hijackings of, 116, 251
travels as warning signs, 209–10
Treaty of Versailles (ending World War I), 26
Truman, Harry S., attempted assassination of, 164
“Truth, The” (Guiteau), 154
Tsarnaev, Dzhokhar, viii
Tsarnaev, Tamerlan, viii
Turkey, terrorist attacks for Kurdistan liberation, 123
Turner Diaries, The (Pierce), 17
“2083: A European Declaration of Independence” (Breivik). See manifestos, of Anders Breivik
Twitter, 20, 205, 225
Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide, 86
Unabomber. See Kaczynski, Theodore; photo inserts
Unconventional Warfare Devices and Techniques (book found in Kurbegovic's apartment), 106
underwear bomber. See Abdulmutallab, Umar Farouk
Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, 55
“Union of Death” (aka “The Black Hand”), 149
United Airlines, bombing on board
in 1933, 267n4
in 1955, 15, 16–17, 18, 19, 263–64, 267n4. See also photo inserts
United States Postal Sevice (USPS), 75, 76, 102, 185–86, 188, 242
devices used to screen mail, 189
University of California at Berkeley, 75–79
University of California at San Francisco, 78
University of Michigan, 150
University of North Carolina graduate. See Linscott, Mara
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 95–96, 97–98, 100
USPS. See United States Postal Sevice
US Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT), 195, 198–99
Utoya Island, 49–50. See also Norway, shootings at youth camp; photo inserts
van der Graaf, Volkert, 64–67, 83, 84, 85, 86, 192
van Gogh, Theo, 240, 275n91
Vanzetti, Bartolomeo, 104
vehicle bombing, 255
vehicle identification number (VIN), use of after a lone wolf attack, 214, 215
Verhofstadt, Guy, 64
verification. See biometrics, use of to identify terrorists
“video content analysis,” 193–94, 199
Viet Cong, 26–27
Vietnam War, 26
impact of Kennedy assassination on, 169–70
Vilks, Lars, threats to kill, 19, 137, 138
Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology. See US Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology
VMO. See Association Environmental Offensive
Von Brunn, James, 57–59, 83, 84, 86, 202–203, 230. See also photo inserts
Waco, TX, raid on Davidian compound, 17, 47, 48, 84
Wainwright, Rob, 245–46, 247
Walker, Edwin, attempted assassination of, 167
Wallace, George, attempted assassination of, 177
Wall Street bombing of 1920, 15, 18, 19, 94–95, 104–105, 241, 251. See also photo inserts
Walter Reed Hospital, 55
warning signs for lone wolf terrorists, 70, 142, 160, 179, 203, 207–10
“war on terrorism,” 251–52
Warren, Earl, 168
Warren Commission, 164, 167, 168, 169, 291n76