page 45 ‘He despised war’: ibid. p. 11
page 45 One of Pujol’s earliest memories: Interviú 435
page 46 private French classes: Interviú 435
page 46 death from the flu: Talty p. 8
page 47 His sister and mother were arrested: Juárez p. 54
page 47 Pujol’s brother Joaquín: Interviú 435
page 48 Elena, Pujol’s younger sister: ibid.
page 52 ‘Don’t shoot’: Interviú 436
page 53 lice races: Juárez p. 73
page 54 one Spanish writer: Fraguas p. 80
6. Spain and Portugal, 1939–41
page 57 ‘I wasn’t thinking about spying’: TV3 interview 1984
page 58 ‘fairly confused’: Pujol and West p. 49
page 58 Later he said that the possibility: TV3 interview
page 59 The German who greeted him: Juárez p. 99
7. Lisbon, 1941
page 63 they moved into another, larger villa: Interviú 437
page 66 It was a good plan: Harris p. 54
8. Eastern Front, Southern Sector, 25 December 1941
page 73 free of Jews entirely: Westemeier p. 64
page 74 the Holy Grail: www.lainsignia.org/2004/enero/cul_022.htm
9. London, Spring 1942
page 77 he had not eaten bacon: Talty p. 67
page 77 ‘he is obviously Arabel’: Bristow p. 42
page 78 ‘square, bare and cold’: Bristow p. 43
10. London, Spring–Summer 1942
page 80 ‘Harris and Pujol worked’: Sarah Bishop interviewed in RNE documentary
page 81 ‘These novels depict as a rule’: Brenan p. 174
page 81 ‘On the contrary’: Harris p. 77
page 82 ‘He jealously examined’: ibid. p. 77
page 82 Pujol’s translator, assistant and close friend: Juárez p. 211
page 84 MI5 paid Pujol £100 a month: Interviú 438
page 84 ‘best friend’: Interviú 438
page 84 ‘the most remarkable’: Masterman, Chariot p. 219
page 85 It was never properly explained to him: Harris p. 77
11. Britain, Summer–Autumn 1942
page 87 ‘a one-man espionage disaster area’: Macintyre, Mincemeat p. 160
page 88 ‘one of the most creative intelligence operations of all time’: Philby p. 17
page 90 ‘any spy novel’: Harris p. 313
page 91 ‘If an agent had notionally’: Masterman, Double p. 19
page 93 ‘I have often wondered’: Harris p. 91
12. London, Glasgow and Madrid, March 1943
page 97 ‘Inside the cake’: Harris p. 128
13. London, 1943
page 99 ‘It read like a scene’: Harris p. 172
page 100 ‘Tommy and Garbo’: Montagu p. 113
page 100 ‘[Harris] “lived” the deception’: Blunt
page 101 ‘The enemy is still proud’: Gilbert p. 328
14. Germany and the Eastern Front, July 1942–March 1943
page 110 he was made commander of the III Battalion: Westemeier p. 67
page 111 ‘the more women will be left for me’: ibid. p. 69
15. London, March–June 1943
page 114 a limp brought on by polio: Interviú 438
page 115 ‘all Gibraltarians’: Harris p. 115
page 115 ‘We trust’: Harris p. 132
page 115 ‘the most important development’: Harris p. 132
page 116 ‘hysterical, spoilt and selfish’: Harris p. 327
page 117 ‘I am telling you for the last time’: Harris p. 328
page 119 Harris’s wife Hilda: Liddell Vol. II p. 80
page 120 ‘no parallel trouble thereafter’: Harris p. 332
16. Britain, Summer 1943
page 121 ‘the most inefficient, credulous gang of idlers’: Hugh Trevor-Roper, quoted in Elliott p. 265
page 122 Operation Kremlin fooled the Red Army: Ambrose, Ike p. 80
page 122 ‘deceiving the enemy’ Masterman, Double p. 58
page 123 ‘a very important role’: KV 2/42
page 125 ‘without a doubt the most important’: Interviú 438
page 125 ‘far from beautiful and rather dowdy in her dress’: KV 2/67
page 125 ‘You must let me know’: ibid.
page 127 ‘always constituted by far’: Harris p. 147
17. London, Early 1944
page 131 ‘the greatest combined operation in history’: Hastings, Hell p. 533
page 132 ‘the ability of the attacker’: Hesketh p. 8
page 133 ‘institutional superiority’: Hastings, Hell p. 73
page 133 ‘They were convinced of Germany’s’: Beevor, D-Day p. 205
page 136 only three were to play a critical role: Hesketh p. 186 ff.
page 137 ‘Garbo was the man who developed’: Montagu p. 110
page 137 ‘The double agent who contributed most’: Andrew p. 297
page 137 ‘the most highly developed example’: Masterman, Double p. 114.
page 138 ‘The procedure at the beginning’: Harris p. 176
page 138 a figure that never dropped below 400,000: Giangreco and Moore p. 15
page 141 ‘an enormous film lot’: Ambrose, Ike p. 85
page 142 ‘because responsibility still lay with a handful of men’: Howard p. 110
page 142 ‘with speed and informality’: ibid.
page 142 Garbo’s disinformation was being used: Harris p. 190
19. Britain, Spain and Algeria, 1936–44
page 144 ‘The performance was impressive’: Blacker p. 58
pages 145–7 Granell’s story is told in Mezquida.
20. Britain, France and Germany, Spring 1944
page 148 ammunition production had risen: Reynolds, Steel p. 41
page 148 ‘At the best’: quoted in Beevor, D-Day p. 14
page 148 ‘proof that we could repel any invasion’: quoted in ibid. p. 33
page 150 ‘the sole decisive factor’: Ambrose p. 76
page 150 ‘There was, I think, no British tank commander’: Captain Charles Farrell, quoted in Hastings, Hell p. 540
page 151 reaching a near-capacity: Reynolds, Steel p. 30
21. London, Lisbon and Berlin, Spring 1944
page 157 Araceli forming an attachment to an Allied naval officer: Liddell, Vol. II p. 284
page 159 ‘Unless steps are immediately taken’: KV 2/855, quoted in Macintyre, Double p. 206
page 160 ‘Don’t endanger your position’: Liddell, Vol. II p. 192
22. England, Northern France and Southern Germany, 5 June 1944
page 162 She and Keith had tried to hide their relationship: Mavis Batey, conversation with author
page 165 chauffeur-driven Horch car: Beevor, D-Day p. 126
page 165 ‘The main front’: Cave Brown p. 638
page 166 He was in bad shape: Holt p. 567
page 166 It was a starlit night: Beevor, D-Day p. 140
23. London, 1 May–5 June 1944
page 167 Garbo had ‘signed’ the Official Secrets Act: Harris pp. 195–6
page 168 Enigma traffic showed: Ambrose, Ike p. 87
page 168 The answer came to Harris: Delmer p. 171
page 171 ‘Still no word from 3(3)’: KV 2/69
24. Northern France and Southern Germany, 6 June 1944
page 173 ‘the most complex’: d’Este p. 12
page 174 ‘How stupid of me’: Cave Brown p. 666
page 176 ‘If [the Panzer Lehr and 12th SS Panzer divisions] assemble quickly’: Cave Brown p. 659
page 176 ‘The main landing’: Beevor p. 141
page 176 ‘It couldn’t be better’: Irving, Part 5
page 177 ‘While the Anglo-Saxon enemy’: Cave Brown p. 668
25. London, 6 June 1944
page 178 ‘Pujol, Harris and Haines took turns’: Juárez p. 315
page 179 ‘I have to announce to the House’: h
ttp://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk
page 181 ‘He said he did not think’: KV 2/69
page 182 Harris and others in MI5 laughed: Interviú 439
26. Northern France, Southern Germany and Belgium, 6–9 June 1944
page 185 ‘The great expansion’: Cave Brown p. 680
27. London, 9 June 1944
page 192 ‘our main basis of information’: Macintyre, Double p. 308
page 192 ‘Speaking of the Second Front’: Harris p. 199
page 193 ‘I have had an extremely agitated’: KV 2/69
28. Madrid, Germany and Pas-de-Calais, 9–10 June 1944
page 200 The Abwehr itself ceased: Kahn p. 209
page 201 ‘In all probability major landing’: Cave Brown p. 685
page 202 Krummacher was Hitler’s personal intelligence officer: Hesketh pp. 204–5
page 203 ‘After personal consultation on 8th June’: KV 2/69
page 204 ‘As a consequence of certain information’: Howard p. 188
29. London, 10 June 1944
page 206 ‘It was a frightful moment’: Sir Ronald Wingate, quoted in Cave Brown p. 687
30. London, 13 June–29 July 1944
page 211 ‘It is of the utmost importance’: KV 2/69
page 211 ‘I am proud’: ibid.
page 212 ‘I do not think’: ibid.
page 215 ‘I cannot at this moment’: ibid.
31. Normandy and Belgium, 8 June–18 July 1944
page 220 ‘They don’t seem very frightened’: Blacker p. 61
page 222 ‘He motored up the hill’: ibid. p. 68
page 224 ‘Small and slight’: ibid. p. 55
page 224 ‘I do indeed believe C Squadron’: ibid. p. 70
page 226 ‘We could soon see the tail’: ibid. p. 74
page 226 ‘I don’t think we have’: ibid. p. 74
page 227 ‘transfixed, speechless’: ibid. p. 76
page 228 ‘Personally known to Attlee’: ibid. p. 79
32. Normandy, July–August 1944
page 229 ‘Normandy, in July’: quoted in Westemeier p. 99
page 230 ‘I remember very clearly’: quoted in ibid. p. 99
page 232 ‘If Peiper had been there’: ibid. p. 101
33. London, Normandy and Paris, August 1944
page 235 ‘What the hell are you doing’: Beevor, Paris p. 44
page 236 ‘I have just heard’: Collins and Lapierre p. 69
page 236 ‘It was very moving’: Mesquida p. 261
34. London and Madrid, August 1944–May 1945
page 241 ‘an almost mystic confidence’: KV 4/247, quoted in Macintyre, Double Cross p. 333
page 242 ‘Just keep the [German] Fifteenth Army’: Holt p. 579
page 242 ‘Prior to D Day’: Harris p. 193
page 245 ‘very likeable characters’: Liddell Vol. II p. 253
page 245 ‘I have no plans’: KV 2/71
page 246 ‘the domestic situation’: Harris p. 269
35. Britain, the Americas and Spain, May–September 1945
page 248 ‘I am convinced’: KV 2/71
page 248 ‘I understand the present situation’: KV 2/71
page 249 ‘To make contact’: KV 2/71
page 250 ‘Hoover showed great interest’: Pujol and West p. 212
page 251 As he drew into the city: Interviú 440
page 252 They insist that their relative: Arne Molfenter, conversation with author
page 252 ‘Clandestinely’: Harris p. 288
36. Britain, Spain and Venezuela, 1945–84
page 259 ‘Tell me about Garbo’: Nigel West, conversation with author
page 260 When he arrived’: ibid.
37. Venezuela and Spain, 1945–84
page 262 A visitor to the Caracas home: Juárez p. 392
page 263 The news did not go unnoticed: ibid. p. 384 ff.
page 263 ‘No other source in London’: Juliet Wilson-Bareau, conversation with author
page 264 Questions raised in the Canadian parliament: Pincher p. 502
page 264 Doubts have been raised: Daily Telegraph 4 February 2001
38. Spain, Germany, France, Canada and Britain, 1945–Present
page 270 Muggeridge appears to have been the one: Carter p. 95
page 270 Nigel West has speculated about the ‘paymaster’ theory: Nigel West, conversation with author
page 271 ‘he was persistent’: Juliet Wilson-Bareau, conversation with author
page 272 Or had he been assassinated: Pincher, p. 502
page 272 ‘Don’t ask me what about’: Bristow p. 279
page 272 Wilson-Bareau recalls comments: Juliet Wilson-Bareau, conversation with author
page 273 In her last interview: Burns p. 378
page 273 ‘It’s still an open question’: Juliet Wilson-Bareau, conversation with author
page 276 ‘His characteristic German lack’: Harris pp. 69–70
page 278 ‘I am convinced’: Poolton p. 141
39. London and Normandy, June 1984
page 281 ‘I don’t believe it’: Talty p. 246
page 281 ‘Why did you help the British?’: Interviú 435
pages 282–3 the white cross of a Sergeant Arthur B. Buschlen: Interviú 435 and http://www.buschlen.ca/getperson.php?personID=I5308&tree=T1
page 283 ‘They told me’: Nigel West, conversation with author
Epilogue: What If?
page 284 ‘the greatest double agent’: Mark Seaman, introduction to Harris, p. 1
page 285 ‘There you have your answer’: Hesketh p. 210
page 285 ‘Taking the evidence as a whole’: ibid. p. 211
page 285 Some historians: Hastings, Overlord p. 177
page 286 ‘In short, if Fortitude’: Ambrose, Ike p. 88
page 286 ‘You know’: Bristow p. 274
page 287 ‘It should not be forgotten that D-Day’ Roger Moorhouse, Independent on Sunday 14 June 2009
page 287 ‘A climax would have come’: Stephen Ambrose, chapter in Cowley p. 347
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Abwehr (German military intelligence) 201, 202, 248
‘Alaric’ (Garbo) and 14, 15, 19, 27, 32, 35, 37, 59, 61, 62, 76, 78, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 114, 121, 124, 127, 139, 146, 167 see also GARBO
‘Artist’ and 158, 159, 178
Bletchley deciphers messages of 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 35, 71, 75, 78, 97, 114, 115, 127
Canaris as head of 24, 97, 198
closed down, effectively 198–9
G.W. and 17
Kühlenthal and see Kühlenthal, Karl-Erich
SD and 25, 198–9
‘Tricycle’ and 136–7, 158
Addison, Jock 227
Admiralty, UK 15, 32, 66, 79
‘Alaric’ (code name given to Juan Pujol by German intelligence) 11, 14, 19, 26–7, 33, 95, 97, 171, 211, 216, 276, 291 see also GARBO
Alfonso XIII, King 277
Algeria 90, 92, 146, 147
Alvarez, Carmen Cilia 266–7, 268, 269, 280
Ambrose, Stephen 287
Amerden Priory Hotel, London 210, 213
anti-Semitism 23–5, 105 see also Jews
Anzio, Italy 132
‘Arabal/Arabel’ network (German codename for fictitious spy network headed by Juan Pujol) 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 19n, 20, 27, 33, 36, 37–8, 64, 76, 77, 88, 97, 123, 195, 199, 208, 211, 215, 237, 243, 291
Ardennes, France 274
‘Artist’ (double-cross agent) 158, 159, 160 see also Jebsen, Johannes ‘Johnny’
Astray, Colonel Millán 145–6
Atlantic Wall (reinforced German coastal positions) 148–9, 164
Attlee, Clement 228
Auschwitz concentration camp, Poland 109, 223
Axis Powers 22 see also under individual
nation name
Azov Sea 71, 109
Balkans 7, 134
Bánky, Vilma 18
Barbarossa, Frederick 165
Barcelona, Spain 8, 43–7, 50, 53, 55, 74, 250, 259, 260, 277
Batey, Keith 162, 278
Batey, (née Lever), Mavis 8, 9, 10, 11, 71, 79, 162, 163, 278, 279
Bayerlein, Generalleutnant Fritz 148
Bayeux, France 220
BBC 28, 56, 57, 84, 127, 210
Beevor, Antony 134
Belgium 57, 151, 152, 165, 186, 193, 201, 204, 222, 285
Belgorod, Russia 112, 113
Benson, Captain Arthur 31–2
Berchtesgaden, Germany 164, 165, 174, 176, 185, 191, 201, 202, 203
Berghof, Germany (Hitler’s home) 165–6
Berkeley Hotel, Piccadilly 145
Berlin, Germany 11, 14, 15, 25, 26, 62, 71, 74, 76, 78, 97, 127, 140, 158, 159, 191, 196, 198, 199, 200, 210, 211, 234, 246, 278, 287
Bevan, Colonel Johnny 123, 142, 207
Bidault, Georges 237
Bishop, Sarah 80, 82, 88, 99, 102, 103, 104, 157, 214, 244, 245, 253, 281
Blacker, Cecil ‘Monkey’ 143–5, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 276
Blacker, Terence 276
Blau, Operation, 1942 122
Bletchley Park see Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), Bletchley Park
Blitz, 1940–41 84
blitzkrieg tactics, German 23, 132, 144, 274
Blue Guide to Great Britain 30, 67
Blumentritt, General 185
Blunt, Anthony 34, 36, 100, 259, 264, 265, 270, 273–4
BOAC 63–4
Bodyguard, Operation, 1943–4 133–5
Borges, Jorge Luis vii
Bourguébus ridge, France 225, 226, 230
Bowlly, Al 84
Braun, Eva 166
Brazil 28, 29, 68
Bren gun 151
Bristow, Betty 12
Bristow, Desmond:
Araceli Pujol and 264, 265
comes up with plan for Juan Pujol to infiltrate Czech expatriates in Venezuela 265–6
discovery of ‘Alaric’ and 14, 15, 243
Harris and 272
interviewing/identification of Juan Pujol and 75, 76, 77, 78, 170
ISOS and 13
joins intelligence service 13
Philby and 12
on Pujol’s desire to work for Nazis 58
post-war return of Juan Pujol to Spain and 250, 251, 267
reads Bletchley intercepts 65, 71
reunion with Juan Pujol, 1984 280
reveals Juan Pujol’s name 259
role/job in intelligence gathering 12
British Army units:
2nd Army 173
3rd Royal Tank Regiment 225, 226