of eland 39
weapons 40–1
Hutu, massacres by Tutsi 273
Hyderabad, Nizam of 75
hyenas, war 261
Iltis, Hugh, on storage of cereals 219
incest taboo 92
Indians, American
in California 166
colonization of Americas 304–8
extermination 269
massacres in Brazil 273
North American 44
policies of American leaders 277–8
Indo-European languages 147, 225–49
agriculture 241
domestication of animals 242
Indo-Iranian language 236–7
Indonesia
conservation 331
language 140
infectious diseases 215
infibulation 81
inflection, Indo-European languages 229
innovation 43
International Council for Bird Preservation 315
interstellar probes 186
introductions 281, 321
invasions of Europe, Turkish 246–7
Irian Jaya Province 331
Ishi (Yahi Indian) 271 (fig)
isolated populations, first contacts 202
Ives, Charles 156
James, Helen (palaeontologist) 291
Jefferson, Thomas (US President) 277
Jubilee Expedition of British Ornithologists’ Union 204
Kafka, Franz 156
kangaroos, tree 290, 310
Karimui (New Guinea) 207
Kariniga (Tudawhe tribesman) 275–6
kerosene drinking (Kung-fu) 180–1
killing, mass 198
Kremer Expedition (1921–22) 205
Kruuk, Hans, on animal wars 261
Labrador duck 315
Lake Michigan, herring gulls 78
Lake Victoria, Nile perch 322
lamps 41
land tortoises, giant 293
language 47–8, 123
barriers 207–8
genetic blueprint 145–7
human 125–6
learning by vervets 131–2
languages 225–49
artificial, for apes 134
diversity 199
effect of first contact 209–10
primitive 136–7
reconstruction 233
laughing sickness (kuru) 207
leaf-cutter ants 165
Leahy, Michael (gold-hunter) 205
lemurs 293
Lifton, Robert Jay (psychiatrist) 274
like marrying like 87–92
Lindquist, Cynthia 299
Linear B writing 237
linguistic palaeontology 237
Lisianski Island, self-extermination of rabbits 282
Lithuanian language 240
litle blue herons in Mississippi 78
long-tailed widowbird, experiment 102
longevity 42, 51, 106–19
civilisations 194
humans 115–16
males vs females 115
species, vs predation 114–15
Lorenz, Konrad
On Aggression 261
on technology and genocide 266
Madagascar 292–5
Malaysia, extinction 317
Malekula (Pacific island) 179
mammoth hunting 306
Maoris 288
Mars, space missions 185
Marshall, John (US Chief Justice) 277
Martin, Paul, 307–11
massacres
Algeria 259
Alice Springs 254
Sétif 259
Mayan Indians 181
Meadowcroft Rock Shelter 309
Meek’s crowned pigeon 317
menopause 51, 115–17
menstrual cycle 65
Metrodorus 185
mice, perfumed, experiment 91–2
middens
hyraxes 299
packrats 297–8
Middle East 298–301
mixed reproductive strategy 74, 80
moas 287, 289
molecular genetics 2, 12–23
clocks 14
monogamy 53
Monroe, James (US President) 277
Monte Verde (pre-Clovis site) 309
Mormons 75
Moulay Ismail the Bloodthirsty 75
murders 5
by animals 261–2
due to sexual jealousy 81
names, psychology of 23
Native Police 254
natural selection 52
and geographic variation 98
Nayar society of southern India 76
Neanderthals 34–8
vs Cro-Magnons 44
Neo-Melanesian language 139–40, 141
advertisement in 150–1
New Guinea 7–8
expedition of Jared Diamond (1983) 204
exploration 204
extramarital sexual intercourse 79–80
geography 204
Grand Valley 202
hunting 33–4
Iyau language 133–4
languages 226, 231–2
sexual selection and art 160
tree kangaroos 290, 310
wars 265
New Zealand, extinction in 287
New Zealand eagle 288, 290
Nile perch in Lake Victoria 322
noble savages 286
Noonan, Katherine (biologist) 68
nuclear holocaust 313
oaks 218
oestrus cycle 64
Olson, Storrs (palaeontologist) 291–2
On Aggression (Lorenz) 261
onagers 217
optimal intermediate similarity 91
optimization 111
orangutans 17–18
Organisation of African States, appeal on
massacres 273
oryx, Arabian 281
Ottomans 300
overhunting 321
Ovid 286
ovulation 51
concealment in humans 65, 66–9
Ozymandias (Percy Bysshe Shelley) 303
paleopathology 167
Paraguay, genocide 258–9
passenger pigeon 315
paternity 58
security of 75–7
pathology of mummies 167
Pearl Harbor 208
penis, size 51, 63
persecution 260
pests 321
Petra 299
phallocarps 64
physical anthropology 11
physiology of ageing 108
picology 191
pidgin languages 138–40, 141–3
Pitcairn Island 291–2, 308
plants
diffusion 221–3
effects on civilisations 218
Playboy Press study 78
polyandry 75
polygyny 59, 75
Polynesia, extinctions 291
population growth
and agriculture 171–2
of Clovis people 308
Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea) 110
posture, upright 28
potlatch rituals 179
power struggles, final solutions 260
pre-industrial peoples, environmentalism 286
predators, switching 280–1
primates 13
primitive languages 136–7
progressivism 163
proteins 21
proto-Indo-European language 147, 233–49
Psammeticus, experiment (Herodotus) 138
psychological effects of genocide 272
Pueblos 297
pygmy chimpanzees
vs common chimpanzees 18
promiscuity 85
pygmy hippopotamus 293–4
quail, Japanese, sexual selection 91
rabbits, self-extermination 282
racial variation 54, 95–105
antiquity of 97–8
racism 214, 303
radio, development 192–3, 194
radio exobiology 185
rainforests, destruction 322
rats
lemon-scented, experiment 92
extinctions 290
reindeer, self-extermination 282
Renfrew, Professor Colin, on origin of Indo-European languages 241
repair 108
replacement of body structures 109
rest, energy requirement 114
rise to humanity 27–48
Robinson, G.A. (missionary) 253
Roca, J.A (Argentinian general) 268
Roggeveen, Jakob (explorer) 296
Romance languages 232
Rome, ancient 301
Roosevelt, Theodore (US President) 278
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 286
Royal Society of Tasmania 253
Russonorsk language 142
rye 218
scapegoating 260
Seattle, Chief, Duwanish Tribe 285
self-defence 268
self-exterminations 282
sexual inequality and agriculture 170
sexual intercourse
comparative duration 63
extramarital 53, 71–83, 85
function 65
in privacy 51, 66–9
sexual jealousy, murders and wars 81
sexual maturity, age of 113–14
sexual receptivity 64–5
sexual selection 54, 84–105
and art 159–60
in bowerbirds 157–8
communication, and chemical abuse 176
in humans 103–5
kibbutzniks 93
learned 92
by men, vs women 79–80
as origin of racial variation 101–4
search images in 86, 90
by women, vs men 79–80
sexuality, human 56
Seyfarth, Robert 128
Shasta ground sloth 307
Shelley, Percy Bysshe 303
Sheridan, Philip (US General) 278
Siassi islanders 160
Sibley, Charles 15–16
Siri (elephant) 152
skeletons, human, paleopathology 168
skin colour, variation 99–101
snow geese
in Manitoba 78–9
sexual selection 103, 104
social cohesion and art 160
sociobiology 74, 82–3
Solomon Islands 317
people 95–6
technology and genocide 266
spear points, Clovis, Folsom 306
species (see also extinctions)
distribution 198
endangered 25, 320
exterminations 280–2
longevity vs predation 114–15
variation in 97
spectacled cormorant 315
speech 47–8
Sredny Stog culture 242
St Matthew Island 282
Steadman, David (palaeontologist) 292
steppe economy 244
Stone Age 32
stotting of gazelles 178
Strauss, Richard 160
Struhsaker, Thomas (biologist) 128
suicide, ecological 282
sumpweed 218
sweetcorn 219
Symons, Donald (anthropologist) 68
syntax 135
tameness of large mammals 310
T’ang Dynasty, emperors 81
tape-recording experiments on animal language 128–9
Tasmanians 100
dissection 253
extermination 252
tattooing 179
taxonomy
apes 13–14
apes and humans 16–26
birds 15–16
philosophy 20–1
Tay-Sachs disease 22
technology and genocide 266
‘telephone’ (‘Chinese whispers’) 208
Temne people (Sierra Leone) 75
teosinte 220–1
territorialism 206–7, 266–7
testes, size 51, 62, 71
‘Third Man’ 29
Thompson, Fred (zoologist) 317–19
Tocharian language 239
tools 328
vs brain size 11
compound 40
Cro-Magnons 40
Neanderthals 36–7
Stone Age 32
toxic chemicals 173
trade 41
training 57
travel, freedom of 199
Tre-ba people of Tibet 75
Trojan War 81
Trollope, Anthony 254
tropical rainforests, destruction 322
Truganini (Tasmanian) 253
Tudawhe language 210
Turkestan, Chinese 239
Turkish invasions of Europe 246–7
Tutsi, massacres of Hutu 273
Twenty-Third Psalm, the 230–1
Van Devender, Thomas (paleobotanist) 297
Ventris, Michael (cryptographer) 237
vervets 127–32
learning of language 131–2
vicuñas 216
Viking missions 185
vitamin D and skin colour 99
vocabularies 133
warships 112
wars
of animals 261
due to sexual jealousy 81
in New Guinea 265
Washington, George (US President) 277
weapons for hunting 40–1
weasels, geographic variation in 98
West Indies, extinction 295
wheat 218
Wichmann, Arthur (explorer) 330
widowbirds, tails of 102
Williams, George, on ageing 113
Witkin, Jerome (art critic) 152
women’s magazines, nude men in 64
woodpeckers 188–92
words 132–3
World Wide Fund for Nature 332
xenophobia 5, 201
Yahi Indian 271
Zahavi, Amotz, on sexual signalling 176
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Copyright © Jared Diamond 1991
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