and fingerprints left by Ray, 191–192, 216, 218, 224
harassment of King, 59–62
identification of Ray as assassin, 216, 219, 223, 248
leadership of (see also Hoover, J. Edgar; Sullivan, William)
leading hunt for King’s assassin, 184–185, 187
and passport of Ray, 221
and size/expense of manhunt, 223
Ten Most Wanted list of, 219
and wanted posters for Ray, 214–216, 215
and warrants for arrest of Ray, 214
wiretap surveillance of King, 60, 72, 182–184, 248
Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution, 33
Francisco, Jerry, 169
Freedom Riders, 39–40, 40
Freeman, Mark O., 93
Funeral services for King
bulletin for, 204
and family of King, 197, 199, 200–201, 207
King’s stated preferences for, 205–206
mourners at, 198–201, 199, 200–201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 207 208–209
and national day of mourning declared, 199, 202
and procession to Morehouse, 207, 207, 208–209
and public viewing at Spelman College, 198–199, 198–201
and remembering King, 202–203
service at Ebenezer Baptist Church, 202–206, 203, 204, 206
service at Morehouse, 210
service at South-View Cemetery, 210
and souvenirs, 210–212, 211, 212, 228
televised, 203, 205
and tombstone of King, 210
See also mourning King’s death
Galt, Eric S. (false identity of Ray)
arrest warrant for, 214
identity assumed by Ray, 92
and manhunt for King’s killer, 194, 195, 196, 230
and New Rebel Motel, 194
and plastic surgeon, 100
wanted posters for, 215
Gandhi, Mohandas, 27–28, 38
Garfield, James, 216, 219
Goodman, Andrew, 59
Graham, Billy, 12
Greensboro, North Carolina, 38
Hadley, Russell, 100
Hanley’s Bell Street Funeral Home, 198
Harlem Hospital, 10–11, 11, 13, 15
Harriman, Averell, 2
Hedgeman, Anna Arnold, 4, 6
Hoover, J. Edgar
and conspiracy rumors, 235
death of, 248
and manhunt for King’s killer, 182–185, 214, 224, 248
and Robert F. Kennedy, 182–183, 183
suspicions regarding King, 59–60, 61
wiretap surveillance of King, 248
See also Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Hotel Theresa in Harlem, 2
Housing, equal access to, 37
“I Have a Dream” speech (King), 47, 48–49, 50, 51,
Indian independence movement, 27–28, 38
Integration, 65
Jackson, Clifford, 8
Jackson, Jesse
and assassination of King, 164, 189
and Mason Temple address, 123
as member of King’s entourage, 120, 121
Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 65
Jackson, Mahalia, 50
Jail sentence of King, 39
Jensen, Robert, 187
JET magazine, 210, 248
“Jim Crow” laws in America, 19–22, 20, 22
Johnson, Lyndon B.
and assassination of King, 176, 184
civil rights work of, 56–57, 58, 176, 248
critics of, 95, 97
death of, 248, 252
and funeral services for King, 202–203, 205
King’s relationship with, 56–57, 58, 59, 75–76, 203, 248
and manhunt for King’s killer, 224
national day of mourning declared by, 199, 202
as president, 54, 55
and Vietnam War, 73, 75–76, 95, 97, 114
withdrawal from presidential race, 114, 115
Johnson, Mordecai, 27
Jones, Solomon, 120
Kennedy, Ethel, 228
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 202, 203, 227, 228, 253
Kennedy, John F.
and “Abraham, Martin and John” (Holler), 239–241, 240
assassination of, 54, 63, 180, 202, 216, 228
and capture of Oswald, 219
civil rights statement of, 45–46
funeral procession for, 203
and J. Edgar Hoover, 183
King’s relationship with, 51, 56
and King’s release from jail, 39
legacy of, 246
memorial to, 246
and threats of violence, 128
and Vietnam War, 73
Kennedy, Robert F.
and “Abraham, Martin and John” (Holler), 239–241, 240
assassination of, 225–227, 226
and FBI’s wiretap surveillance of King, 248
and memorabilia, 228, 228
and news of King’s death, 179–182, 181
suspicions regarding King, 56
and wiretap surveillance of King, 183
King, A. D. (brother), 24, 120, 207
King, Alberta (mother), 24, 25, 249
King, Bernice (daughter), 197, 200, 206, 207
King, Christine Ferris (sister), 24
King, Coretta Scott (wife)
children of, 28, 29, 197, 200–201, 206, 207
civil rights work of, 252
and Curry’s attempted murder of King, 15
and fatalism of King, 54
and funeral services for King, 197, 201, 207, 207
and Johnson’s funeral, 252
and Kennedy assassinations, 228
King’s final evening with, 117
and legacy of King, 202
marriage of, 28
My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr., 252
sacrifices of, 28
King, Dexter (son), 200–201, 206, 207, 251
King, Martin Luther, III (son), 29, 200–201, 206, 207
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
and “Abraham, Martin and John” (Holler), 239–241, 240
arrests and jail sentences of, 39, 40–41, 42, 43
autopsy of, 169–170, 188
birth of, 19
bombing of home, 33
and bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, 52, 54
books of (see also books written by King)
cash bounties on head of, 238
children of, 28, 29, 197, 200–201, 206–207
courage of, 128
critics of (see also Hoover, J. Edgar, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael)
dangers faced by, 13–14, 33, 60, 62, 69–70, 109, 128 (see also assassination attempt by Curry)
death of, 169, 171 (see also assassination of King)
and deaths of sanitation workers, 98, 101 (see also sanitation workers’ strike in Memphis, Tennessee)
and dinner plans with Kyles, 138, 139
“Dream” speech of, 50, 51,
and economic justice, 27, 107, 245–246
education of, 27, 28
fatalism of, 13–14, 54
FBI’s surveillance and harassment of, 59–60, 61–62, 72, 182–183, 248
final public address of, 121–128
ideals of, 1, 4, 14, 37, 38, 50, 67, 68, 74–77, 108, 124, 125, 127, 245, 246
and the Invaders, 129–130
and Johnson, 56–57, 58, 59, 75–76, 203, 248
and Kennedy, John F., 39, 51, 56
last sermon of, 114, 115
leadership of, 14, 34, 36, 50–51, 253
legacy of, 202, 246, 253
“Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 42
at Lorraine Motel, 120, 121
in Los Angeles, 100
and March on Washington, 46–51, 47, 48–49, 51
and marches from Selma to Montgomery, 66–68marriage of, 28
memorial to, 246, 247
modern message of, 2
45–246
“Mountaintop” address of, 121–128, 127, 139, 206
and Nobel Peace Prize, 59, 60, 62, 109
and nonviolence, 27, 36–37, 38, 70, 110
ordination of, 27
and Poor People’s Campaign, 93–94, 108, 113, 114, 122
private persona of, 138–139
King, Martin Luther, Jr. (continued)
“Promised Land” references of, 126, 127, 199, 255
religious life of, 23, 27, 28, 70
rivals of, 63–65, 64, 70, 122
and self-doubt, 70–72, 110, 122
and trip to India, 38
and Vietnam War, 73–77, 74, 81, 97, 114, 122, 176
youth of, 23–27, 24
King, Martin Luther, Sr. (father), 23, 24, 25, 26, 249
King, Yolanda (daughter), 28, 29, 206, 207
Ku Klux Klan
bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, 52
and conspiracy rumors, 235
and Ray, 237
terrorism perpetrated by, 21, 22
Kyles, Billy, 138, 139, 163–164
Lau, Tomas Reyes, 97–98
Law enforcement
assigned to King in Memphis, 120–121, 123, 137
and description of King’s assassin, 159, 160, 161, 165
and interviews with witnesses, 162–163
and marches from Selma to Montgomery, 66–67, 66–68
and nonviolent protesters, 44, 44, 45
and prank tip on escaped assassin, 166–168
See also Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); Tactical Unit 10
Laws, changing, 36, 37
Lawson, James, 100–101, 120
Lee, Bernard, 119, 120
Lee, Russie, 10
“Letter from Birmingham Jail” (King), 42
Lewis, John, v–vii, 41, 66
Lincoln, Abraham
and “Abraham, Martin and John” (Holler), 239–241, 240
assassination of, 216, 219
on the judicial circuit, 139
legacy of, 58, 246
on slavery, 22
and threats of violence, 128
on “unfinished work,” 253
Lincoln Memorial
as civil rights landmark, 48–49, 256
and “Dream” speech, 50, 51, 125, 256
and March on Washington, 46–51, 47, 48–49, 51
and memorials for King and Kennedy, 246
Loenneke, George, 144, 145
London, England, 213, 219–221, 224, 227, 229–230, 234
Lorraine Motel, Memphis, Tennessee
blood-stained walkway at, 173, 174, 175
briefcase in, 173, 173
as civil rights landmark, 258
and King’s entourage, 120, 121
King’s preference for, 120
media coverage of King’s stay at, 129
and mourners, 173, 174, 174, 186, 186
and police response to assassination, 152–153, 157–161
and Ray’s rooming house, 131–134, 135–137, 138, 142, 143, 143, 147, 152–153
Ray’s surveillance of, 129–138, 135, 140–142
sign of, 185
See also assassination of King
Los Angeles, California, 68, 92, 94, 100, 178, 214, 225, 226
Lowmeyer, Harvey (false identity of Ray), 110, 196
Lynchings, 21
Manhunt for Ray
and assassination of R. Kennedy, 225–227, 226
and attempted bank robbery of Ray, 224
and capture of Ray, 229–234, 232–233, 234
and conspiracy rumors, 224
and evidence collection, 187–188, 224
and extradition proceedings, 230–234, 232–233, 234
FBI’s leadership of, 184–185, 187
and FBI’s Ten Most Wanted list, 219
and fingerprints left by Ray, 191–192, 216, 218, 224
identification of Ray as assassin, 216, 223
and immediate police response, 145, 148, 152–153, 157–161
and passport application of Ray, 193–194, 213, 221, 224, 236
and police perimeter around Lorraine, 157–161
and prank tip, 166–168
and Ray’s international travel, 213, 219–221, 224–225, 227, 229, 232–233, 234, 236–237
and Ray’s return to Atlanta, 188, 191
and Ray’s stopover in Canada, 193–194, 205, 213, 219
and Scotland Yard, 224, 227, 229, 230
and search for white Mustang, 191
size and expense of, 223
and wanted posters for Ray, 214–216, 215, 217–218
and warrants for arrest of Ray, 214
Marches
in Chicago, 69–70
and funeral procession, 207, 207, 208–209
March on Washington, 46–50, 47, 48–49, 51
and Poor People’s Campaign, 231
of sanitation workers in Memphis, 107, 108–110, 109, 113, 118–119, 120, 129, 138
from Selma to Montgomery, 66–67, 66–68
Mason Temple address of King, 121–128, 127
McKinley, William, 216, 219
McNair, Denise, 53
Memphis, Tennessee (see also Assassination of King)
deaths of sanitation workers in, 98
King’s final return to, 116, 118, 119
Memphis, Tennessee (continued)
and “Mountaintop” address of King, 121–128, 127, 139
Ray in, 103, 120, 122
and Ray’s capture, 232–233, 234
See also sanitation workers’ strike in Memphis, Tennessee
Meredith, James, 41
Michaux, Lewis, 2
Montgomery, Alabama
bus boycott in, 1, 31–34, 32, 33
and civil rights marches, 66–67, 66–68
and Freedom Riders, 40, 40
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), 31, 33–34
Morehouse College, 27, 207
Moses and “Promised Land” references of King, 126, 127, 199, 255
“Mountaintop” address of King, 121–128, 127, 139, 205–206
Mourning King’s death
and entourage of King, 173–174, 174
at funeral, 198, 199, 200–201, 203, 207, 208–209
handmade signs expressing, 186, 190
and Kennedy, R., 179–182, 181
and Kennedy assassinations, 228
at Lorraine Motel, 186, 186
national day of mourning declared, 199, 202
and social unrest, 176–178, 177, 178, 182
and souvenirs, 211, 211–212, 212, 228
My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr. (C. King), 252
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), 28, 46
Names used by Ray
for car purchase, 92, 194, 195
for driver’s license, 92
for gun purchase, 110, 146, 171
for motel room, 194
for passport, 193–194
and police stop in Canada, 213–214
for rooming house, 131, 171, 195–196
utilization of, 102
and wanted posters for Ray, 217
NASA’s Apollo 8 mission, 241–244, 242–243
National Civil Rights Museum, 258
National Dance Studio in Long Beach, 94, 214, 216
National Guard, 40, 66, 178
Nation of Islam, 63–65
New Rebel Motel, Memphis, Tennessee, 122, 126, 194, 236
Newspaper reporters, 165
Newton, Huey, 71
New York City, book-signing tour in, 1–4, 5. See also assassination attempt by Curry (1958)
New York Times, 120, 124
Nixon, Richard, 241
Nobel Peace Prize, 59, 60, 62, 109
Nonviolent resistance
bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, 1, 31–34, 32, 33
Freedom Riders, 39–40, 40
frustration with, 63, 65, 70, 17
1
and Gandhi, 38
King’s adherence to, 36–37, 38, 70, 110
King’s exposure to theory of, 27
and Malcolm X, 63–65
and marches from Selma to Montgomery, 66–67, 66–68
and March on Washington, 46–50, 47, 48–49
and Nobel Peace Prize, 59
rejection of, 70–71, 122
sit-ins, 38, 39, 42, 125, 256
as tactic of civil rights movement, 36–37, 38, 70
and Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience,” 27
violent opposition to, 44, 44, 45
Woolworth lunch counter protest, 38, 39
Obama, Barack, 246
Orange, James, 120
Ordination of King, 27
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 219
Parks, Rosa, 31, 32
Passport sought by Ray, 193–194, 213, 221, 222, 236
Pettiford, Walter, 8
Poor People’s Campaign
and doubts of King’s advisors, 113, 122
King’s ambitions for, 93–94, 108
and March on Washington, DC, 93, 114, 231
Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom at Lincoln Memorial, 34
“Promised Land” references of King, 126, 127, 199, 255
Public opinion, changing, 36
Racial harmony, King’s ideals of, 4
Racists and racism
and cash bounties on King, 238
and changing attitudes, 37
and conspiracy rumors, 235
and “Jim Crow” laws in America, 19–22, 20, 22
and King’s assassination, 178
and King’s youth, 25–26
in law enforcement, 21, 163
in the North, 21
and Ray, 237–238
and “The Talk,” 25
and violent opposition to civil rights, 44, 44, 45, 45–46
Ray, James Earl
attempted bank robbery of, 224
background of, 84–86
and bartending school, 97, 98, 99, 214, 216
capture of, 229–234, 232–233, 234
criminal history of, 81–84, 85, 87–90, 91, 102, 262–265
cross-country trip of, 101–102, 103, 107–108
and dance instruction school, 94, 214, 216
death of, 251–252
decision to kill King, 102, 107, 126 (see also assassination of King)
description of, 159, 161, 165
disinformation spread by, 251
and extradition proceedings, 230–234, 232–233, 234
false names used by (see also names used by Ray)
and The F.B.I. (television series), 90, 219
Ray, James Earl (continued)
identified as assassin, 216, 217, 218, 221, 222, 223, 227
as loner, 93–94, 237
maps of movements, 103, 234
Mustang of (see also car of Ray)
passport sought by, 193–194, 213, 221, 222, 236
photos and mug shots of, 78, 85, 91, 99, 160, 214, 215, 216, 217–218, 249–250
physical appearance of, 98, 100
post-prison life on the run, 90, 92–95, 97–100, 99, 101–102, 103