Emigration to Palestine:
Joan Campion, In the Lion’s Mouth: Gisi Fleischmann and the Jewish Fight for Survival (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987); Karl Lenk, The Mauritius Affair: The Boat People of 1940/41, trans. and ed. R. S. Lenk (London: Booksprint, 1993); Elena Makarova, Boarding Pass to Paradise: Peretz Beda Mayer and Fritz Handel (Jerusalem: Verba, 2005); Munya M. Mardor, Haganah, ed. D. R. Elston (New York: New American Library, 1964); Beda and Hannah Mayer, “In the Eye of the Storm,” in Across the Street and Far Away, ed. Valerie Arnon (Jerusalem: Verba, 2004), 16–49; Geneviève Pitot, The Mauritian Shekel: The Story of the Jewish Detainees in Mauritius 1940–1945, trans. Donna Edouard, ed. Helen Trooper (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000); and Aaron Zwergbaum, “Exile in Mauritius,” Yad Vashem Studies 4 (1960): 191–257.
3: THE AUSCHWITZ VIOLIN
Auschwitz:
Jozef Buszko, “Auschwitz,” in Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, vol. 1, 107–19; Guido Fackler, “‘We all feel this music is infernal . . .’: Music on Command in Auschwitz,” trans. Corinne Granof, in The Last Expression: Art and Auschwitz, ed. David Mickenburg, Corinne Granof, and Peter Hayes (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2003), 114–25; and Shirli Gilbert, “Fragments of Humanity: Music in Auschwitz,” in Music in the Holocaust: Confronting Life in the Nazi Ghettos and Camps (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 144–95.
Auschwitz Main Camp Orchestra:
Emilio Jani, My Voice Saved Me: Auschwitz 180046, trans. Timothy Paterson (Milan: Centauro Editrice, 1961); and Ignacy Szczepański, Häftlings-kapelle (Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza, 1990).
Birkenau Men’s Camp Orchestra:
Goldsmith, The Inextinguishable Symphony; Szymon Laks, Music of Another World, trans. Chester A. Kisiel (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1989); Henry Meyer “Anscheinend ging nichts ohne Musik,” in Premiere und Pogrom, 136–45; Henry Meyer, “Mußte da auch Musik sein? Der Weg eines Geigers von Dresden über Auschwitz nach Amerika,” in Musik im Exil: Folgen des Nazismus für die internationale Musikkultur (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch), 29–40; Ken Shuldman, Jazz Survivor: The Story of Louis Bannet, Horn Player of Auschwitz (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2005); Jacques Stroumsa, Violinist in Auschwitz: From Salonica to Jerusalem 1913–1967, trans. James Stewart Brice, ed. Erhard Roy Wiehn (Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1996); and Barbara-Maria Vahl, “‘Die Musik hat mich am Leben erhalten!’ Henry Meyer, zweiter Geiger des LaSalle Quartet, im Gespräch,” in Das Orchester: Zeitschrift für Orchesterkultur und Rundfunk-Chorwesen 44, no. 3 (1996): 11–15.
Birkenau Women’s Camp Orchestra:
Fania Fénelon, with Marcelle Routier, Playing for Time, trans. Judith Landry (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997); Gabriele Knapp, Das Frauenorchester in Auschwitz: Musikalische Zwangsarbeit und ihre Bewältigung (Hamburg: Von Bockel, 1996); Anita Lasker-Wallfisch, Inherit the Truth: A Memoir of Survival and the Holocaust (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996); Richard Newman, Alma Rosé: Vienna to Auschwitz, with Karen Kirtley (Pompton Plains, NJ: Amadeus Press, 2000); and Rachela Olewski Zelmanowicz, “Crying Is Forbidden Here!,” trans. and ed. Arie Olewski and Jochevet Ritz-Olewski, courtesy of Arie Olewski and Jochevet Ritz-Olewski.
Other Auschwitz Ensembles:
Ruth Elias, Triumph of Hope: From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel, trans. Margot Bettauer Dembo (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998); Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz and The Reawakening: Two Memoirs, trans. Stuart Woolf (New York: Summit Books, 1986); Herman Sachnowitz, The Story of “Herman der Norweger,” Auschwitz Prisoner #79235, with Arnold Jacoby, trans. Thor Hall (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2002); Coco Schumann, Der Ghetto-Swinger: Eine Jazzlegende erzählt, ed. Max Christian Graeff and Michaela Haas (Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1997); and Elie Wiesel, Night, trans. Marion Wiesel (New York: Hill & Wang, 2006).
4: OLE BULL’S VIOLIN
The Holocaust in Norway:
Samuel Abrahamsen, “The Holocaust in Norway,” in Contemporary Views on the Holocaust, ed. Randolph L. Braham (Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff, 1983), 109–42; Samuel Abrahamsen, Norway’s Response to the Holocaust (New York: Holocaust Library, 1991); Maynard M. Cohen, A Stand Against Tyranny: Norway’s Physicians and the Nazis (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997); Richard Petrow, The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940–May 1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1974); and Sachnowitz, The Story of “Herman der Norweger.”
Ole Bull:
Sara Chapman Thorp Bull and Alpheus Benning Crosby, Ole Bull (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1883); Einar Haugen and Camilla Cai, Ole Bull: Norway’s Romantic Musician and Cosmopolitan Patriot (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993); Mortimer Smith, The Life of Ole Bull (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943); and Amnon Weinstein, “Ole Bull: A Renaissance Man,” Journal of the Violin Society of America 17, no. 1 (2000): 85–125.
Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra:
Hans Jørgen Hurum, Musikken under okkupasjonen (Oslo: H. Aschehoug, 1946); Kåre Fasting, Musikselskabet “Harmonien” gjennom to hundre år 1765–1965 (Bergen: John Grieg, 1965); Olav Mosby, Musikselskabet Harmonien, 1765–1945, vol. 2 (Bergen: John Grieg, 1949); and Elef Nesheim, Et musikkliv i krig: Konserten som politisk arena, Norge 1940–45 (Oslo: Norsk Musikforlag, 2007).
Ernst Glaser:
Newspaper clippings and other documents from the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra; Ernst Glaser, interview at the Music Academy in Ålesund (typescript), January 14, 1975, courtesy of Ernst Simon Glaser; newspaper clippings and other information from Berit, Liv, and Ernst Simon Glaser, as well as from Torleif Torgersen; interview with Berit, Liv, and Ernst Simon Glaser on January 29, 2012; interview with Solveig and Mona Levin on January 28, 2012; and newspaper clippings and other documents from the Oslo National Library.
Flight and Exile in Sweden:
Kirsten Flagstad, The Flagstad Manuscript, ed. Louis Biancolli (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1952); “Kunstnerparet Glaser: To trofaste norske musikkambassadører i Sverige,” Norsk Musikkliv 9–10 (1945): 1–5; Robert Levin, Med livet i hendene, with Mona Levin (Oslo: J. W. Cappelens, 1983); and Ragnar Ulstein, Jødar på flukt (Oslo: Norske samlaget, 1995).
5: FEIVEL WININGER’S VIOLIN
The Holocaust in Romania:
Jean Ancel, The History of the Holocaust in Romania, trans. Yaffah Murciano, ed. Leon Volovici, assisted by Miriam Caloianu (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011); International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, Final Report (2004); and Radu Ioanid, The Holocaust in Romania: The Destruction of Jews and Gypsies Under the Antonescu Regime, 1940–1944 (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2000).
Transnistria:
Felicia Steigman Carmelly, Shattered! 50 Years of Silence: History and Voices of the Tragedy in Romania and Transnistria (Scarborough, Ontario: Abbeyfield, 1997); Julius S. Fisher, Transnistria: The Forgotten Cemetery (South Brunswick, NJ: A. S. Barnes, 1969); Yosef Govrin, In the Shadow of Destruction: Recollections of Transnistria and Illegal Immigration to Eretz Israel, 1941–1947 (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2007); correspondence with Dr. Timor Melamed; Avigdor Shachan, Burning Ice: The Ghettos of Transnistria, trans. Schmuel Himelstein (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1996); and Meir Teich, “The Jewish Self-Administration in Ghetto Shargorod (Transnistria),” Yad Vashem Studies 2 (1958): 219–54.
Feivel Wininger:
Helen Wininger Livnat, Le-male et ha-zeman be-ayim [Filling time with life] (Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense Publishers, 2006); interview with Helen Wininger Livnat, March 7, 2012; and Feivel Wininger, “We were so many and so weak; we remained few but strong and powerful” (unpublished memoirs), translated by Laura and Zvika Livnat, courtesy of Helen Wininger Livnat.
6: MOTELE SCHLEIN’S VIOLIN
The Holocaust in Volhynia:
Wendy Lower, “Facilitating Genocide: Nazi Ghettoization Practices in Occupied Ukraine, 1941–1942,” in Eric J. Sterling, ed., Life in the Ghettos During the Holocaust (Syracus
e, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005), 120–44; Schmuel Spector, The Holocaust of Volhynian Jews, 1941–1944, trans. Jerzy Michalowicz (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1990); and Spector, “The Jews of Volhynia and Their Reaction to Extermination,” Yad Vashem Studies 15 (1983): 159–86.
Uncle Misha’s Jewish Group:
Reuben Ainsztein, Jewish Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Eastern Europe (New York: Barnes & Noble, 1974); Interview with Seffi Hanegbi, March 7, 2012; Moshe Kahanovitch, “Moshe Gildenman—Partisan Commander of the ‘Yevgrupa,’” Yad Vashem Bulletin 3 (1958): 13–14; Allan Levine, Fugitives of the Forest (Toronto: Stoddart, 1998); and Yuri Suhl, ed., They Fought Back: The Story of the Jewish Resistance in Nazi Europe (New York: Crown, 1967).
Motele Schlein:
Moshe Gildenman, Motele: Der yunger partizaner [Motele: The young partisan] (Paris: 1950).
EPILOGUE: SHIMON KRONGOLD’S VIOLIN
Frances Brent, The Lost Cellos of Lev Aronson (New York: Atlas, 2009); Howard Reich and William Gaines, “How Nazis Targeted World’s Finest Violins,” Chicago Tribune, August 19, 2001; Carla Shapreau, “The Stolen Instruments of the Third Reich,” The Strad, December 2009; and Willem de Vries, Sonderstab Musik: Music Confiscations by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg under the Nazi Occupation of Europe (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996).
INDEX
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Ålesund, 193
Amati, Nicolò, 217
Amati violins, 227, 288
of Wininger, 217, 219–23, 226, 227, 286, 292
American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 72, 80, 147
“Ant, The,” 266–67
“Argonne Forest,” 132–33
Association of Vilna Immigrants, 7
Astrea, 77, 78, 80
Ataki, 204–7, 211
Atlantic, 82–92, 95, 102
Atlit, 91, 94, 103, 232
Auschwitz, 6, 9, 11–12, 69, 72, 110–115, 118, 119, 129, 138, 144–45, 181, 209
Auschwitz III, 121, 143–45, 175, 176
Birkenau, see Birkenau
evacuation of, 119, 136
Gleiwitz, 144
Auschwitz orchestras, 116, 167
Auschwitz Main Camp, 105, 115–20, 123, 140
Auschwitz III, 143, 146
Birkenau Men’s Camp, 120–36, 137, 140, 141, 145
Birkenau Women’s Camp, 136–40
legacies of, 145–48
Austria, 63–65, 88, 138
Balfour Declaration, 44–45, 50
Bach, J. S., 18, 19, 32
Bannet, Louis, 127–28, 130, 133, 141–42
Baumann, Kurt, 22–23
Beau Bassin, 95
Beau Bassin Boys, 61, 99–101
Beau Bassin Prison, 96–101
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 19, 32, 99, 118, 144
Berg, 174–75
Bergen, 151, 152, 158, 191, 192, 193
Bergen-Belsen, 140, 176
Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, 151, 157, 160–66, 192–93
Bergmann, Rudolf, 40
Berlin, Irving, 133, 134
Berlin Culture League, see Jewish Culture League
Berlin Philharmonic, 30, 283
Bessarabia, 199
Bettelheim, Bruno, 65, 66, 69, 72
Bielko, 259
Bielski brothers, 9
Birkenau, 110–13, 116, 123, 175
Czech Family Camp, 140–41
Gypsy Family Camp, 141–42
Men’s Camp Orchestra, 120–36, 137, 140, 141, 145
Women’s Camp, 134
Women’s Camp Orchestra, 136–40
Bischop, Heinrich, 133, 135
blood libel, 17
Bloorman, Leon, 127–28
Böhm, Ernst, 19, 40
Børsum, Lise, 176–78
Borthen, Leif, 187
Boys in the Woods, 186, 188–90
Brahms, Johannes, 10, 19, 30, 53, 55
Bratislava, 77–80, 93, 94, 103
Brayer, Dov, 285–86
Brayer, Shevah, 285–87
Bredtveit Prison, 174, 175
Bremen State Orchestra, 155
Broad, Pery, 133, 141, 142
Bronken, Thorleif, 178, 179
Buchenwald, 11, 27, 69–73, 74, 93, 94, 103, 108, 176
Bukovina, 199, 200
Bull, Ole Bornemann, 157–59
violin of, 151, 159–61, 163, 166, 172, 191, 193–94, 217, 292
Busch, Adolf, 34
Călăraşi, 198
Camp News, 99, 101
Central Office for Jewish Emigration, 71
Christianity, 17
Christie, Amalie, 172, 177, 178, 181
Committee for the Transportation of Jews Oversees, 76, 77, 86
concentration camps, 107, 119, 176
Auschwitz, see Auschwitz
Berg, 174–75
Bergen-Belsen, 140, 176
Birkenau, see Birkenau
Buchenwald, 11, 27, 69–73, 74, 93, 94, 103, 108, 176
Dachau, 11, 27, 65–69, 70, 74, 93, 94, 103, 109, 116
official orchestras in, 116; see also Auschwitz orchestras
Sachsenhausen, 27, 136
Sydspissen, 168
Theresienstadt, 140, 142
Treblinka, 6
Council for German Jewry, 72
Cuba, 74
Culture League of German Jews, see Jewish Culture League
Cyprus, 232
Czech Family Camp, 140–41
Czernowitz, 199, 210, 229–31
Częstochowa, 30
Dachau, 11, 27, 65–69, 70, 74, 93, 94, 103, 109, 116
Danube, 77–78, 80–81
Davidovitz, Abraham, 147–48
Davidovitz, Devorah, 148
Davidovitz, Freddy, 147, 148
Davidovitz, Manya, 147, 148
Davidovitz, Shmuel, 148
Department of Public Information and Culture, 167
Dizengoff, Meir, 32, 33
Dniester River, 199, 204, 206–8, 211
Dobrowen, Issay, 32, 155
Donau, 175
Dorohoi, 231
Due, Mary Barratt, 172
Edineţ, 206
Eichmann, Adolf, 71, 76
Einstein, Albert, 36–37
“El Malei Rachamim,” 221
Elverum, 165
Falkenhorst, Nikolaus von, 170
Feldborg, Arild, 190
Fenyves, Alice, 43
Fenyves, Lorand, 43
Flagstad, Kirsten, 183–85
Flesch, Carl, 155
Flute of Sanssouci, The, 162
France, 79
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, 63
Franconia, 103
Frankfurt Culture League, 24, 26, 27
Franz Joseph I, Emperor, 65–66
Frederick the Great, 162
Freedom to the Homeland, 195, 231
Fromm, Julius, 109
Fromms Act factory, 109
Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 30
Fustamit, Maria, 246, 251, 256
Fustamit, Pavlo, 246, 251, 253, 256
Garimberti, Ferdinando, 8
Geldmacher, Wolfgang, 171–72, 176–77, 183
Germany, see Nazi Germany
Gershtein, Meir, 240–41, 246
Gershtein, Reizele, 240–42, 268
Gershtein, Shunye, 242
Gershtein family, 240, 242, 253, 268
Gershwin, George, 134
Gestapo, 76–77, 107, 171
Ghetto Swingers, 142
Gildenman, Moshe, “Uncle Misha,” 235, 239, 249–50, 257–59, 261–67, 269, 271, 275–79
Gildenman, Simcha “Lionka,” 239, 253, 258, 259, 262, 263, 275, 277–79
Glaser, Berit, 156, 182, 185
Glaser, Ernst, 11, 149, 151, 154–57,
161–63, 167, 169–70, 172–74, 176–93
escape to Sweden, 176–90
Guadagnini violin of, 178, 183
Ole Bull’s violin and, 151, 159–61, 163, 166, 172, 191, 292
return to Norway, 191
Torgersen and, 192–93
Glaser, Ernst Simon, 193
Glaser, Felix, 155–57, 178, 182–83
Glaser, Jenny Rosenbaum, 155, 182–83
Glaser, Kari Marie Aarvold, 155, 172, 177, 181–82, 185–89, 191–93
Glaser, Liv, 156, 182, 185, 193
Glaser, Lizzie, 155–57
Glaser, Susanna, 193
Gleiwitz, 144
Goebbels, Joseph, 19, 167
Goldberg, Szymon, 20
Goldschmidt, Alex, 74, 75
Goldschmidt, Helmut, 74, 75
Goldsmith, George (Günther Goldschmidt), 24, 26–29, 74, 107, 108
Goldsmith, Rosemary (Rosemarie Gumpert), 24, 26, 29, 107, 108
Göring, Hermann, 109
Graener, Paul, 162
Great Norwegian Performers 1945–2000, 192
“Greetings to Upper Salzburg,” 132–33
Grieg, Edvard, 151, 158, 185, 188
Grieg Academy, 192
Grini, 168
Grünschlag, David, 42
Guadagnini, Giovanni Battista, 178, 183
Guarneri, Andrea, 217
Guarneri, Bartolomeo Giuseppe (del Gesù), 159
Ole Bull’s violin made by, 151, 159–61, 163, 166, 172, 191, 193–94, 217, 292
Guarneri violins, 159, 217, 288
Gura Humorului, 197, 200, 201, 206, 208, 210, 213, 216, 219, 286
Gypsy Family Camp, 141–42
Haakon VII, King, 165
Haas, Fritz “Papa,” 99, 100
Haemmerle, Albert, 131
Haendel, Ida, 4, 5
Haentzschel, Georg, 20
Haftel, Heinrich, 42
Haganah, 83, 90
Hanegbi, Seffi, 279–80
Hardanger fiddle, 158
Harstad, 168