Senghenydd, Wales: 74, 99
Seton, Alexander (fl. 1311–1340): 60
Seton, Christina: 28, 121
Seton, Christopher (1278?–1306): 24, 27–28
Severn, River: 114
Shalford, William de: 187, 193, 197, 249, 260, 295 (n. 27)
Shannon, River, Ireland: 84
Sherburn in Elmet, Yorkshire: 108
Shrewsbury, Shropshire: 114–116, 122, 160, 216, 242, 300 (n. 3), 308, 310, 321
Shropshire: 21, 64, 201, 235
Shouldham Priory, Norfolk: 136, 320
siege engines: 80, 116
silverware: 120, 155, 186, 207–208, 211, 224, 226
Siward, Elizabeth: 28
Skipton in Craven, Yorkshire: 136, 138
Slane, Ireland: 83, 85
Sluys, France: 252
Somerset: 21, 177
Somery, John de (1280?–1322), Lord Somery (1308): 92
Soulis, John de (d. 1318): 67
Spain: 139, 225, 249
spies, use of: 66, 123, 129, 132–135, 139, 145–147, 155, 210, 214, 219, 225–236–237
Stafford, Ralph (1301–1372), Lord Stafford (1336), Earl of Stafford (1351): 237
Staffordshire: 176, 235
Stamford, Lincolnshire: 43, 304, 317
Stangrave, Robert: 160
Stanhope Park, Co. Durham: 180, 183
Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire: 201
Stapeldon, Walter de (d. 1326), Bishop of Exeter (1208), Treasurer (1320–21, 1322–25): 129, 132, 142–143, 155–156, 163, 214
Steward of the Royal Household: see Cromwell, John de; Ros, John de; Maltravers, John; Turpington, Hugh
Stewart, John de: 67
Stirling Castle, Scotland: 55–59
Stonor, John de (d. 1354), Justice of Common Pleas (1320), Chief Baron of the Exchequer (1329): 126, 220
Stratfield, John de: 44
Stratfield Mortimer, Berkshire & Hampshire: 79, 100, 102, 309
Strange, Lord: see Lestrange
Stratford, John de (d. 1348), Bishop of Winchester (1323–33), Treasurer (1326–27): 142, 144, 159, 164, 166–171, 212–214, 217, 288 (n. 21)
Strathbogie, John de (d. 1306), Earl of Atholl (1270): 25, 27–28
Stubbs, William (1825–1901), historian and Bishop of Oxford: 252–253
Sturmy, John de: 138, 150, 285 (n. 2)
Sturmy, William de (William d’Esturmy): 273 (n. 16), 285 (n. 2)
Suffolk: 21, 150, 162
Surrey: 107, 154, 233
Surrey, Earls of: see Warenne, John de (1231–1304); Warenne, John de (1286–1347)
Syria: 12
Tain, Scotland: 27
Talbot, Gilbert (1276–1346), King’s Chamberlain (1327), Lord Talbot (1332): 202–203
Talbot, Richard: 322
taxation: 43, 67, 72, 77, 233
Templars: see Knights Templar
Temple Church: 22
Tethmoy, Ireland: 81
Thames, River: 47, 130
Thanet, Isle of, Kent: 111
Thoky, John, Abbot of St Peters, Gloucester: 245, 292 (n. 292)
Thomas of Brotherton (1300–1338), Earl of Norfolk (1312), Earl Marshal: 19, 32, 112, 115, 127, 142, 219, 251, 284 (n. 22)
– role in 1326 invasion: 150–151, 158–160
– role in Weardale campaign: 177, 181, 183
– role on regency council: 288 (n. 21)
– supports Henry of Lancaster 1328: 211, 216–218
– hears Edward II still alive: 217
– deserts Lancaster and joins Roger: 218, 220
– at coronation of Queen Philippa: 229
Thomas of Lancaster (c. 1278–1322), Earl of Lancaster (1296): 5, 33, 36, 38–39, 43–44, 48–51, 91, 94, 132, 135, 137, 171, 267, 272 (n. 3), 278 (n. 18)
– opposition to Edward after Gaveston’s death: 53–56
– opposition to Edward after Bannockburn: 64–65
– attempts to reform royal household: 73, 81, 90–92
– role in dispute between Marchers and Despenser: 102–105, 108–109
– events leading to Boroughbridge: 113–115, 122–124
– death: 124–125, 156, 159, 161, 165
– widow: see Lestrange, Alice de
Thomastown, Ireland: 88, 307
Thornbury, Walter de: 20–21, 41–42, 273 (n. 13)
Thornbury, William de: 44
Tibetot, Pain (c. 1280–1314), Lord Tibetot (1308): 275 (n. 11)
Tinboeth Castle: see Dinbaud Castle
Tintagel Castle, Cornwall: 43
Tintern, Wales: 155
Tony, Robert de (1276–1309), Lord Tony (1299): 270 (n. 11)
Topcliffe, Yorkshire: 177
tournaments: 10, 12, 15, 19, 21, 28–29, 34, 132, 136, 207, 225–227, 235, 272 (n. 13), 274 (n. 28)
Tout, Thomas Frederick (1855–1929), historian: 253
Treasurers of England: see Reynolds, Walter; Langton, Walter; Norwich, Walter de; Hothum, John de; Sandall, John; Stapeldon, Walter de; Stratford, John de; Adam of Orleton; Burghersh, Henry; Charlton, Thomas de; Wodehouse, Robert
Trevisa, John of (1326–1412), clergyman, translator: 246–247
Trim, Ireland: 9, 21, 41, 43, 46, 68, 81, 84–85, 88–89, 97, 274 (n. 34), 305–307
Trivet, Nicholas, chronicle of: 275 (n. 11), 276 (n. 15)
Trussel, William: 159–161, 169, 218, 220
Tuit, Richard: 89
Turberville, Payn de (d. 1318?), lord of Coity: 74, 76
Turpington, Hugh de (d. 1330), Steward of the Royal Household (1330): 44, 66, 82, 88–89, 96, 105, 125, 157, 203, 234, 237–238
Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire: 123
Tweng, William de: 249
Tyburn, Middlesex: 241, 318
Tyeys, Henry le (1285–1322), Lord Tyeys: 105, 110, 125, 270 (n. 11)
Tyndrum, Scotland: 26
Tyne, River, Northumberland and Durham: 178–180
Tynemouth, Northumberland: 128, 135, 161
Tynemouth, John of: see John of Tynemouth
Ufford, Robert (1298–1369), Earl of Suffolk (1337): 237
Ulster, Ireland: 84, 87–88, 96
Ulster, Earl of: see Burgh, Richard de
Umphraville, Ingram d’: 61
Universities: see Dublin; Oxford
Ure, River, Yorkshire: 123
Usk, Monmouthshire: 127, 157
Valence, Aymer de (c. 1270–1324), Earl of Pembroke (1307): 25–27, 31, 33, 35, 39, 53, 64–65, 82, 95, 121, 173, 280 (n. 18)
– opposition to Gaveston: 43, 46, 50–52
– in support of Edward after Gaveston’s murder: 52–55
– on Bannockburn campaign: 58, 61, 63–64
– role in suppressing rebellion at Bristol: 79–80
– mediation between Edward and Lancaster: 91–92
– as a possible mentor to Roger: 94
– role in dispute between Despenser and Marchers: 101–103, 108–113, 115
– death: 139
Valence, Mary de (d. 1377), Countess of Pembroke (1321): 201, 280 (n. 18), 320
Valois, Charles de (1270–1325), Duke of Anjou: 37, 137, 204
Valois, Philip de: see Philip VI
Vastern Manor, Wiltshire: 107
Verdon, Miles de: 49, 55, 89, 96
Verdon, Nicholas de: 49, 55
Verdon, Robert de: 49, 55
Verdon, Theobald de (1278–1316), Lord Verdon (1309): 44, 49
Vere, Robert de (1257–1331), Earl of Oxford (1296): 44
Vere, Thomas de (d. 1329), heir to earldom of Oxford: 38, 202
Vesci, Clemence (d. 1343), Lady Vesci (1295): 231
Vita Edwardi Secundi, author of: 106–107, 137, 139, 280 (n. 10)
Wake, Joan de (d. 1309?), Lady Wake: 273 (n. 13)
Wake, Thomas (1298–1349), Lord Wake of Liddel (1317):
158–160, 167–168, 171–172, 200, 211–212, 215, 220, 232–234, 288 (n. 21), 296 (n. 11)
Wales: 10–12, 44, 48, 66, 72–76, 89, 94, 103, 105–106, 114, 129, 131–132–133, 150, 154–155, 166, 174–175, 184, 203, 213, 234–235, 240, 259
Wales, border with England: see Marches of Wales
Wales, Justiciar of: see Mortimer, Roger (1256–1326); FitzAlan, Edmund; Mortimer, Roger (1287–1330)
Wales, Princes of (see also Llywelyn): 9, 76
Walkefare, Robert de: 238
Wallace, William (1272?–1305): 24, 28
Wallingford, Berkshire: 34, 128–129, 154–155, 160, 164, 311, 315
Waltham, Hertfordshire and Essex: 108
Walton, Suffolk: 151, 310
Walton-on-the-Naze, Essex: 285 (n. 1)
Walwayn, John: 79
Wardrobe, Keeper of the: see Melton, William
Ware, Hertfordshire: 52
Warenne, John de (1231–1304), Earl of Surrey (1240): 12, 18
Warenne, John de (1286–1347), Earl of Surrey (1304): 18–19, 34–35, 39, 44, 46, 52, 102, 104, 110, 115, 137, 202, 223, 234, 288 (n. 21)
Wark, Northumberland: 29, 57
Warley, Ingelard de: 17
Warwick: 52, 113, 217, 314
Warwick, Earls of: see Beauchamp, Guy de; Beauchamp, Thomas de
Warwickshire: 107
Wasteneys, Edmund: 186
Waterford, Ireland: 88, 97, 309
Waterville, Robert de (d. 1330), Lord Waterville (1326): 79, 158
Waterville, Robert de, of Essex: 79, 150–151
Wear, River, Co. Durham: 180
Weardale campaign: 175, 177–184
Well, Richard de: 249
Welshpool Castle, Wales: 48–49, 114, 274 (n. 38)
Westhall: 234
Westminster: 22–26, 38–39, 43, 53, 66, 77, 100–101, 105, 109, 125–126, 164, 166–168, 191, 239, 263, 277 (n. 9), 304–306, 309, 311, 313–314
Westminster, chronicler of: 191, 194
Westminster Abbey: 22–24, 33, 37, 198, 229
Westmorland: 123
Wetheral Priory, Cumberland: 28
Wexford, Ireland: 97
Wicklow Mountains, Ireland: 42
Wight: see Isle of Wight
Wigmore, Herefordshire: 2, 8–10, 13, 14, 16, 21, 40, 44–45, 75, 77–80, 93–94, 102, 105, 107, 113, 116–121, 164, 207, 225–227, 275 (n. 11), 281 (n. 11), 297 (n. 20), 304–306, 308–309, 316, 319, 323
Wigmore Abbey: 9, 93, 117–121, 210
Wigmore, Abbot of: see Galeys, Philip de; Clayhanger, John de
William (d. 1337), Count of Hainault (1304): 141, 149, 200, 284 (n. 14)
William the Conqueror (1027–1087), King of England: 2, 151, 163
William the Welshman: see Edward II
Willington, Henry de (d. 1322): 125
Wilton, Wiltshire: 214
Wiltshire: 21, 107, 177, 234
Winchelsea, Sussex: 113
Winchelsey, Robert de (d. 1313), Archbishop of Canterbury (1293): 37, 44, 64
Winchester, Hampshire: 11, 213, 215, 229, 231–233, 316
Winchester, Bishop of: see Woodlock, Henry; Sandall, John; Stratford, John
Winchester, Earl of: see Despenser, Hugh (1261–1326)
Winchester, Statute of (1285): 289 (n. 29)
Windsor, Berkshire: 121, 125, 224, 314–316, 319–321
Wisbech, Cambridgeshire: 314
Wishart, Robert (d. 1316), Bishop of Glasgow (1271): 25–26
Witney, Oxfordshire: 311
Wodehouse, Robert (d. 1345), Treasurer (1329): 227
Wogan, John (d. 1321), Justiciar of Ireland (1295–1313): 34, 43, 49–50, 82, 96
Wogan, Walter de: 279 (n. 4)
Woodlock, Henry (d. 1316), Bishop of Winchester (1305): 37
Woodstock, Oxfordshire: 223, 311, 315–317
Woodstock, Edmund of: see Edmund of Woodstock
Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire: 107, 309
Worcester: 114, 146, 198, 200, 209, 312, 316
Worcester, Bishop of: see Adam of Orleton
Worcestershire: 21, 176, 201
Wormsley, Herefordshire, Prior of: 130, 201
Wyard, John: 159, 201–202, 225, 234, 236, 239
Wychbold, Worcestershire: 322
Wyther, Thomas: 213, 218, 220
Wyvill, Robert (d. 1375), Keeper of the Privy Seal (1326–27), Bishop of Salisbury (1330): 203, 238
York: 44, 51, 64–65, 90, 123–126, 162, 175–178, 183–184, 200, 209, 211, 217, 275 (n. 11), 276 (n. 12), 306, 308, 311–313
York, Archbishop of: see Giffard, Walter; Melton, William de
York, Treasurer of: 10
Yorkshire: 21, 107, 123, 136, 180
Youghal, Ireland: 84, 306
Ystradfellte, Wales: 75, 306
Zeeland, Holland: 310
Zouche, William de la (1276–1352), Lord Zouche (1299): 79, 82, 104, 158, 231
* * *
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
* * *
I HOPE READERS will not begrudge me using this page to express gratitude to the following individuals. Firstly my wife, Sophie, for her patience and understanding, and my children Alexander and Elizabeth, despite their lack of both. Secondly my agent, James Gill, for deciding this book was worth writing, Will Sulkin, for agreeing with him, and Jörg Hensgen, for helping to bring the book to its final form. Thirdly Paul Dryburgh for sharing some of his research findings on Roger Mortimer, and for discussing various historical points, and Barbara Wright for her many valuable suggestions and corrections, especially with regard to the Wigmore inventories. Fourthly Brian and Jay Hammond for their advice, help and encouragement. Fifthly Zak Reddan and Mary Fawcett for putting up with the family on research trips to London, and for the consequent damage to their possessions and their home. And lastly my wife Sophie again, for continuing to smile at me, and for giving the ever-grinning face of adversity a good smack on the nose.
* * *
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
* * *
1. Unpublished primary sources
British Library (BL)
Harleian MS 1240 (Black Book of Wigmore)
Add. MS 6041 (fourteenth-century list of Mortimer muniments)
Egerton Charters 8723 (list of Mortimer muniments taken to the Tower, 1322)
Cottonian MSS Charters II 26/27 (letter from Roger Mortimer to Edward II, c. 1317–21)
Cotton MSS Nero A iv (Ludlow Annals)
Hereford Cathedral Library
Documents concerning the rebellion of Roger Mortimer, 1321–2 (calendared in the National Register of Archives list, NRA 6186)
John Rylands Library, University of Manchester
Latin MS 215 (Wigmore Abbey Annals, c. 1096–1307, transcribed in B.P. Evans’s thesis noted below)
Public Record Office (PRO)
C53/93–117 (witness lists 1304–5–1330–31)
C71/7, C71/10 (Scotch Rolls 1314, 1318)
DL27/93 (Marriage allocation of Edmund Mortimer, 1316)
E101/370/19, E101/371/8/97 (Ordinaries of Roger Mortimer’s household, c. 1304–5)
E101/384/1 (Wardrobe Book, 3 Edward III)
2. Published primary sources: record and official publications
Appendix to the 35th Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (1874)
W.W. Blom (ed.), Calendar of Entries in the Papal Registers Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, vol. ii (1895)
Calendar of the Charter Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, 1226–1516 (6 vols, 1903–27), vols 2–4
Calendar of the Close Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, Edward I, Edward II & Edward III (21 vols, 1892–1913)
Calendar of the Fine Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office, Edward I, Edward II & Edward III 1327–1347 (5 vols, 1911–15)
Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem and Other Analogous Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, Edward I, Edward II & Edward III (13 vols, 1906–52)
Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved i
n the Public Record Office, Edward I, Edward II & Edward III (25 vols, 1891–1916)
Calendar of Various Chancery Rolls: Supplementary Close Rolls, Welsh Rolls, Scutage Rolls, preserved in the Public Record Office 1277–1326 (1912)
Pierre Chaplais (ed.), The War of Saint-Sardos, Camden, 3rd series, 87 (1954)
Adam Clarke, J. Caley, J. Bayley, F. Holbrooke, J.W. Clarke (eds), Foedera, conventiones, litterae, etc., or Rymer’s Foedera 1066–1383 (6 vols, 1816), vols ii–iii
Philomena Connolly (ed.), Irish Exchequer Payments (Irish MSS Commission, Dublin, 1998)
Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds 1172–1350 (Dublin, 1932)
J.T. Gilbert (ed.), Historic and Municipal Documents of Ireland, A.D. 1172–1320. From the Archives of the City of Dublin, etc, Rolls series, 53 (1870)
Lambert B. Larking, ‘Inventory of the Effects of Roger Mortimer at Wigmore Castle and Abbey, Herefordshire’, Archaeological Journal, xv (1858), 354–62
D. Macpherson, J. Caley, W. Illingworth (eds), Rotuli Scotiae in turri Londinensi et in domo Capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservati (2 vols, 1814–19)
James Mills (ed.), Calendar of the Justiciary Rolls: or, Proceedings in the Court of the Justiciar of Ireland Preserved in the Public Record Office of Ireland 1305–1307 (Dublin, 1914)
Francis Palgrave (ed.), The Parliamentary writs and writs of military summons: together with the records and muniments relating to the suit and service due and performed to the King’s high court of Parliament and the councils of the realm, or affording evidence of attendance given at Parliament and councils (4 vols, 1827)
J.R.S. Phillips, Documents on the Early Stages of the Bruce Invasion of Ireland, 1315–1316, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 79, C, no. 11 (Dublin, 1979)
Yves Renouard (ed.), Gascon Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office 1307–1317 (1962)
J. Strachey, John Pridden, Edward Upham (eds), Rotuli parliamentorum: ut et petitiones, et placita in Parliamento (1278–1503): together with an index to the Rolls of Parliament, comprising the petitions, pleas and proceedings of Parliament … A.D. 1278–A.D. 1503 (8 vols, 1767–1832)