and Chinese nationalists
collective responsibility in
Communist Party
and Czechoslovakia
economic weakness
and cooperation with Germany
foreign relations: collective security
diplomatic efforts to postpone war
international isolation (after Revolution)
policy
and France
German aerial reconnaissance
German invasion
counter-offensive
effect in America
effect in Japan
growing resistance to
unprepared for
and Germany
economic cooperation with
military cooperation with
and Nazi
Germany
possibility of diplomatic solution
trade with
and inevitability of war
and intelligence reports
distrust of British
and Italy
and Japan
murder of Jews in
neutrality pact with Turkey
NKVD (secret police)
and Poland
Politburo
rearmament
requests to America for aid
and Romania
and Spain
and threat of war in Balkans
see also
Red Army; Stalin, Joseph
Spain German expectations of
neutrality
Spanish Civil War
Italy and
Spear, Major-General Sir Edward, British embassy in Paris
Spratly Islands
Stahlecker, Franz Walter Einsatzgruppe leader
Stahmer, Heinrich, envoy to Japan
Stalin, Joseph
and ‘Big Five’
character
paranoid distrust
personality cult
as dictator
and German invasion: decision to stay in Moscow
economic appeasement
and intelligence reports on
German intentions
lack of preparedness for
reaction to
and suggestion of pre-emptive strike
and Hitler: certainty of Hitler’s intentions
fear of provoking
knowledge of Mein
Kampf
and risk of war on two fronts
meeting with Hopkins
and NKVD
as official head of state government
options available to
and Politburo
possibility of alliance with western powers
purges (‘Great Terror’)
and Red Army
Academy (May 1941)
Stalin, Joseph–cont. relations with Britain
rise of
and war: expectation of
hope for American intervention
need to delay
see also
Non-Aggression Pact
(Hitler–Stalin); Red Army; Soviet
Union
Stalingrad, battle of
Stamenov, Ivan, Bulgarian ambassador to Moscow
Starace, Achille, Fascist Party Secretary
Stark, Admiral Harold R., US head of naval operations
and Atlantic convoys
and destroyer deal
and occupation of Iceland
and Pearl Harbor
Stimson, Henry L., US Secretary of War
advice to Roosevelt
and aid for Britain
and defence production
on German invasion of Soviet
Union
and negotiations with Japan
support for intervention
and war with Germany
Stresa, Conference of (1935)
Stresemann, Gustav, German Foreign Minister
Sudan
Sudoplatov, General Pavel
Suez Canal
German intentions for
Italy and
Sugiyama Gen, chief of Japanese army General Staff
and decision for war
and ‘Essentials’ plan for war
and negotiations with America
Sugiyama Gen, Japanese Army Minister
Suzuki, General Teiichi
and decision for war
Switzerland, Ticino Italian enclave
Syria
Taiwan, Japanese occupation
Takamatsu, Prince
Tanaka Shin’chi, Japanese army Operations Division
Taranto, Italian fleet at
Tass, communiquéon British press reports
Texas, USS
Thailand
Tientsin, blockade of
Tilsit, shooting of Jews
Timoshenko, Marshal S. K. on deficiencies of Red Army
and German invasion
on prospects for war
and suggestion of pre-emptive strike
war plans
Togo Shigenori, Japanese Foreign Minister
appointment
and decision for war
wish to avoid war
Tojo Hideki, General, Japanese Prime Minister
as Army Minister
and alliance with Axis powers
and decision for war
difficulties with High Command
and negotiations with America
options to avoid war
Toyoda Soemu
Toyoda Teijiro, Admiral, Japanese Foreign Minister
and negotiations with America
opposition to war with America
and proposed meeting of Konoe with Roosevelt
as Vice-Minister for Navy
Treblinka camp
Tripartite Pact: Japan, Germany and Italy (September 1940)
Bulgaria and
and German declaration of war on
United States
and obligations to Japan
Roosevelt’s view of
Soviet Union and
Trotsky, Leon
Truman, Harry S., US President
Tsukada Osamu, Japanese army vice-chief of staff
Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail
Tully, Grace, assistant secretary to FDR
Tungchow, atrocity (1937)
Tunis
Tunisia
Turati, Augusto, Fascist Party Secretary
Turkey
Uganda
Ukraine
United States of America
aid for Britain
‘cash-and-carry’ trade provisions
and China
support for
Chiang Kai-shek
Congress
amendment of
Selective Service Act
isolationists in
and revisions to 1931 Neutrality Act
Council of National Defense
destroyers for Britain
in exchange for military bases
economy
and Germany
attack on Soviet Union
German naval view of
indignation at treatment of
Jews (1938)
and inevitability of war with
Greer
incident
immigration legislation
isolationists
in Congress
and destroyer deal
and lend-lease
opposition to aid for Soviet Union
and trade provisions
weakening of
United States of America–cont. and Japan
declaration of war on
embargoes on
final reply from
growing intransigence
last-minute negotiations
negotiations
possibility of embargo on
reaction to attack on Pearl Harbor
reaction to Japanese alliance with
&nb
sp; Axis powers
and threat from
Johnson Act
Lend-Lease Act (March 1941)
effect on German thinking
extension to Soviet
Union
negotiations for
possible alternatives to
National Defense Advisory
Commission
naval security cordon
Neutrality laws
and arming of merchant ships
arms embargo laws
revisions to
occupation of Iceland
Office for Emergency Management
Office of Production Management
political structure
powers of President
presidential election (1940)
public opinion
growing support for intervention
hostility to communism and
Soviet Union
opposition to intervention
pessimism about
Britain
positive view of Stalin
support for aid to Britain
and support for aid for Soviet
Union
support for Atlantic convoys
rearmament
refusal to join League of Nations
role of Cabinet
Selective Service Act
and Soviet Union: pessimism about
Red Army
recognition of
and signs of Soviet resistance
State Department view of war
and war
and commitment to intervention
and decision to join
in the Pacific
see also
Atlantic Ocean; Roosevelt,
Franklin D.
United States military forces Army
and defence production
funding for
limited preparedness
mobilization
Navy
possible expeditionary force
support for aid to Soviet Union
Victory Program
war planning (ABC-1)
Ushiba Tomohiko, Konoe’s private secretary
Vansittart, Sir Robert, Permanent Under-Secretary in Foreign Office
Vasilevsky, Marshal Alexander Mikhailovich
Versailles, Treaty of (1919)
Viaz’ma, German encirclement of
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy
and Abyssinian war
acquiescence to entry into war
hostility to intervention in war
on invasion of Greece
loyalty of armed forces to
Mussolini’s memorandum to
Roosevelt and
Vienna
Visconti Prasca, General Count Sebastiano, Italian commander in Albania
Vladivostok
Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment
Wagner, Admiral Gerhard
Wagner, Richard
Wall Street stock-market crash (1929)
Wang Ching-wei, rival to Chiang Kai-shek
Wannsee Conference
War Cabinet (Britain)
and approach to Mussolini
‘British Strategy in a Certain
Eventuality’
collective agreement to continue to
fight
discussion of possible terms to end war