Acknowledgments
Without Avishai Margalit’s encouragement I might never have written this book. My extended stay in Amsterdam was made possible by the unstinting hospitality of Hanca Leppink and Hans Baaij, and the generosity of Heikelien Verijn Stuart and Stan van Houcke, who gave me the run of their wonderful house.
Many people helped me in my research, by providing contacts, insights, and stimulation, or simply by making time to be interviewed. I shall list those to whom I feel particularly grateful in alphabetical order: Ahmed Aboutaleb, Samir Bantal, Jan Blokker, Hans Blom, Ybo Buruma, Nora Choua, Abdelhakim Chouaati, Job Cohen, Willem Diepraam, Egbert Dommering, Jan Donkers, Ali Eddaoudi, Afshin Ellian, Emile Fallaux, Nico Frijda, Janny Groen, Sadik Harchaoui, Judith Herzberg, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Theodor Holman, Harko Keyzer, Shamanee Kempadoo, Margalith Kleiwegt, Geert Mak, Fouad Mourigh, Funda Müjde, Max Pam, Herman Philipse, Els van der Plas, Bellari Said, Paul Scheffer, R. V. Schipper, Bart Jan Spruyt, Abram de Swaan, Dubravka Ugresic, Gijs van de Westelaken, and Jolande Withuis.
I owe thanks to two more people who agreed to be interviewed. It was an animated discussion about a sensitive subject. A mistake has been pointed out in the attribution, but every word has been accurately conveyed. Due to the delicate nature of the comments, I have opted to use initials which do not corespond to their real names.
I also owe a great debt to three members of a sadly diminishing breed, publishers who are also great editors: Emile Brugman, Scott Moyers, and Toby Mundy. Any mistakes in the book are my responsibility alone. Thanks, too, to Jin Auh of the Wylie Agency in New York. And finally, to Eri Hotta, my wife, the value of whose support and encouragement cannot be adequately expressed in words.
Notes
Chapter 2: Thank You, Pim
1.
Nova, September 29, 2004.
2.
Trouw, April 17, 1999.
3.
Volkskrant, February 9, 2002.
4.
Quoted in Dick Pels, De geest van Pim (Anthos, 2003), p. 63.
5.
Lof van het conservatisme (Balans, 2003).
6.
I owe a debt for this analysis to Dick Pels’s book on Fortuyn.
7.
Pels, p. 201.
8.
Ibid., p. 66.
Chapter 3: The Healthy Smoker
1.
HP/De Tijd, November 12, 2004.
2.
De Gezonde Roker, December 21, 2003.
Chapter 4: A Dutch Tragedy
1.
Metro, November 3, 2004.
2.
Trouw, May 26, 2004.
Chapter 5: Submission
1.
Jutta Chorus and Ahmet Olgun, In godsnaam (Contact: Amsterdam, 2005).
2.
De maagdenkooi (Augustus: Amsterdam, 2004).
3.
Volkskrant, August 18, 2005.
4.
This story, and much of the above, was recounted in Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s De zoontjesfabriek (Augustus: Amsterdam, 2002).
5.
Ibid., p. 16.
6.
De maagdenkooi, p. 20.
7.
Submission (Augustus: Amsterdam, 2004).
Chapter 6: A Promising Boy
1.
De ideologische en religieuze ontwikkeling van Mohammed Bouyeri. Rapport van het deskundigenonderzoek in de strafzaak tegen M. Bouyeri, Prof. Dr. Mr. Ruud Peters.
2.
NRC Handelsblad, July 9, 2005.
3.
Much of this information is from a report by Jaco Alberts, Jutta Chorus, Steven Derix, and Ahmet Olgun published in NRC Handelsblad, July 9, 2005.
4.
Trouw, July 9, 2005.
5.
This and other anecdotes are recounted by Jutta Chorus and Ahmet Olgun in their book In godsnaam: Het jaar van Theo van Gogh (Amsterdam, 2005).
6.
Quoted in the Peters report.
7.
Open Letter to the Dutch People, August 12, 2004.
8.
Bas Heijne, Hollandse toestande (Prometheus, 2005).
Chapter 7: In Memoriam
1.
Het Parool, October 12, 2005.
2.
November 4, 2004.
3.
Elsevier.nl, December 8, 2005.
4.
See his Failure of Political Islam.
Index
Aartsen, Jozua van, ref1
Abdu (Bouyeri’s sister’s boyfriend), ref1
Abou Jahjah, Dyab, ref1
Aboutaleb, Ahmed, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Abrahams, Frits, ref1
abusive criticism (schelkdritieken), ref1
Acherchour, el-Mahdi, ref1
A Clockwork Orange, ref1
Ahmed (Bouyeri’s friend), ref1
AIVD, ref1
Ajax, ref1, ref2
Alissa, Mohammad Radwan, ref1
Allah Knows Better (Van Gogh), ref1
allochtoon, ref1
Amersfoort, ref1
Amsberg, Claus von, ref1
Amsterdam. See also specific neighborhoods
ethnic makeup of, ref1, ref2
Jews and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
jodenhoek (Jews’ corner), ref1, ref2
red-light district, ref1
youth rebellion in, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Amsterdam-Noord, ref1
asylum seekers, ref1, ref2
Atatürk Camp, ref1
Atheist Manifesto, The (Philipse), ref1
August Allebé Square, riot on, ref1, ref2
Aziza, Sister, ref1, ref2
Babyboomers (Fortuyn), ref1
Balkenende, Jan Peter, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Bantal, Samir, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Barbarossa, Frederick, ref1
Barre, Mohammed Siad, ref1, ref2
Beatrix, Queen, ref1
Bellil, Samira, ref1
Bentinck, Udo, ref1
Berbers, ref1
Berrada, Loubna, ref1
Blind Date, ref1
Bolkestein, Frits, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Bouwman, Mies, ref1, ref2
Bouyeri, Hamid, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Bouyeri, Mohammed, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Aboutaleb and, ref1, ref2
appearance of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Arabic, lack of knowledge of, ref1, ref2
character and personality of, ref1
childhood and youth of, ref1, ref2, ref3
death of mother and, ref1
death wish of, ref1
Dutchness of, ref1, ref2
early ambitions of, ref1, ref2, ref3
expert witness’s report on, ref1
Hamid Bouyeri and, ref1, ref2, ref3
as hero, ref1
Hirsi Ali and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Internet moniker of, ref1
Islam and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
jihad and, ref1, ref2
letter of, ref1, ref2, ref3
love life of, ref1, ref2
moralism of, ref1, ref2
mosque of, ref1
murder targets of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
political affiliation of, ref1
radicalization of, ref1
September ref1, reaction to, ref2
setbacks and arrests of, ref1, ref2, ref3
trial of, ref1
on U.S., ref1
visits to Morocco, ref1
writings of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Bouyeri, Wardia, ref1
Calvinism, ref1, ref2, ref3
cartoon of the Prophet, Danish, ref1, ref2
Catholics/Catholic Church, ref1, ref2, ref3
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, ref1
Centre for Information and Documentation on Israel, ref1
Charlem
agne, ref1
Choua, Nora, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Chouaati, Abdelhakim, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Christian Democratic Party, ref1
clash of civilizations (Kulturkampf), ref1
Cleveringa, Rudolph, ref1
Cleveringa Lecture, ref1
Cohen, Job, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Communists/Communism, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
concentration camps, ref1, ref2, ref3
conspiracy theories, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Cool!, ref1, ref2
Counter-Enlightenment, ref1, ref2
crime, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Daltons, ref1
Darod, ref1
Das Kapital (Marx), ref1
David, Professor, ref1
Day on the Beach, A, ref1
democracy, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Islam as threat to, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Der Spiegel, ref1n
Deyssel, Lodewijk van, ref1
DHC, ref1, ref2, ref3
Diana, princess of Wales, ref1
Dijkstal, Hans, ref1
Dirty Paper, The (Van Gogh), ref1
dish cities, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Disraeli, Benjamin, ref1
Dittrich, Boris, ref1, ref2
Douar Ikhammalen, ref1
Downfall, The (Presser), ref1
Dutch East Indies, ref1, ref2, ref3
Dutch society
character of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
demographic changes in, ref1
history curriculum in, ref1, ref2
immigration to. See immigrants and immigration
Islam and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
as moral beacon, ref1
pillars of, ref1, ref2
postwar generation, ref1, ref2, ref3
progressivism of, ref1
religious freedom in, ref1
Eddaoudi, Ali, ref1, ref2, ref3
Ede, ref1, ref2
Elias, Norbert, ref1
Ellian, Afshin, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
elqalem.nl, ref1, ref2
Enlightenment, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Hirsi Ali on, ref1
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus, ref1n
Erasmus, Desiderius, ref1
Eternal Jew, The, ref1
European-Arab League, ref1, ref2
European Cup, ref1
European Union, ref1, ref2, ref3
European unity, ref1
Fahmi (Bouyeri’s friend), ref1
Fatwas on Women (Ibn Taymiyah), ref1
February Strike, ref1, ref2
female circumcision, ref1
Feyenoord, ref1, ref2, ref3
Fortuyn, Pim, ref1, ref2, ref3
bitterness of, ref1
childhood of, ref1
followers of, ref1, ref2
funeral of, ref1, ref2
as greatest Dutch figure, ref1
homosexuality of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
house of, ref1
immigration, views on, ref1, ref2
Islam and, ref1
on leadership, ref1
manner and appearance of, ref1
murder of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
political background of, ref1
political career of, ref1, ref2
statue of, ref1
Van Gogh and, ref1, ref2, ref3
writings of, ref1
Forum, ref1, ref2, ref3
France, EU and, ref1, ref2
Frank, Anne, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
freedom of speech, ref1, ref2
Friendly Conversation, A, ref1
Friends of Theo, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Gans, Evelien, ref1
German occupation, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
resistance to, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Germany, soccer matches against, ref1
Glen Mills, ref1
Gogh, Anneke van, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Gogh, Johan van, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Gogh, Theo van, ref1, ref2
abusive criticism and, ref1
appearance of, ref1
cactus and, ref1
career of, ref1
celebrity of, ref1
childhood of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Christianity and, ref1, ref2
on Cohen, ref1
Cohen and, ref1
el-Hamchaoui and, ref1
family of, ref1
films of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8. See also specific films
Fortuyn and, ref1, ref2, ref3
Funda and, ref1
Hirsi Ali and, ref1, ref2, ref3
irony and, ref1
Islam/Muslims and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Jews and, ref1, ref2
memorials to, ref1, ref2
memories of, ref1
murder of. See murder of van Gogh
personality and character, ref1
political affiliation of, ref1
security of, ref1, ref2
on Submission, ref1, ref2
talk show of, ref1, ref2
U.S. and, ref1
writings of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Gogh, Theo van (great-great-grandfather), ref1
Gogh, Theo van (uncle), ref1, ref2
Gogh, Vincent van, ref1
Graaf, Volkert van der, ref1, ref2, ref3
Green/Left Party, ref1
Groningen University, ref1
guest workers, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hague, The, ref1, ref2
Haider, Jörg, ref1, ref2, ref3
Hals, Frans, ref1
Hamchaoui, Farhane el-, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Happy Chaos debate, ref1
Hazes, André, ref1
headscarves, ref1, ref2, ref3
Healthy Smoker, The (van Gogh), ref1, ref2, ref3
Heine, Heinrich, ref1
Herben, Matt, ref1
Herman (Fortuyn’s butler), ref1
Hermans, W. F., ref1, ref2
Herwaarden, Clemens van, ref1
Het Parool, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Heutsz, J. B. Van, ref1
Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
as asylum seeker, ref1, ref2
atheism of, ref1
attempted forced marriage of, ref1, ref2
battered Muslim women and, ref1, ref2
Bouyeri and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Bouyeri’s death threat to, ref1, ref2
childhood of, ref1, ref2
on Cohen, ref1
early idealism of, ref1, ref2, ref3
early jobs of, ref1, ref2
on the Enlightenment, ref1
eviction of, ref1
film of. See Submission
Funda on, ref1
Haweya Hirsi Ali and, ref1
headscarves, view on, ref1
Islam and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9. See also Submission
the Left and, ref1
loathing of, ref1
murder of van Gogh and, ref1
personality and character of, ref1
Philipse and, ref1, ref2
political affiliation of, ref1
political career of, ref1, ref2, ref3
rap about, ref1, ref2
security of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
on sexuality, ref1
on Submission, ref1
threatened deportation of, ref1
U.S. and, ref1
Van Gogh and, ref1, ref2, ref3
Verdonk and, ref1
Hirsi Ali, Haweya, ref1, ref2
Hoffman, Thom, ref1, ref2
Hofstad Group, ref1, ref2, ref3
Holman, Theodor, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Holocaust, ref1
, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Huguenots, ref1
Huizinga, Johan, ref1, ref2, ref3
Ignatieff, Michael, ref1
immigrants and immigration, ref1, ref2. See also guest workers; Muslims, European; specific groups
crime and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
female, ref1, ref2
Fortuyn’s views on, ref1, ref2
hard line on, ref1
Holocaust, lessons from, ref1, ref2
inequalities among, ref1
Mak on, ref1
male, ref1
mental health problems of, ref1, ref2
neighborhoods of. See dish cities
rivalry among, ref1
to U.S., ref1
welfare state, reliance on, ref1
Indonesia, ref1, ref2, ref3
In Praise of Conservatism (Spruyt), ref1
Internet
debate among Muslims on, ref1
dish cities. See dish cities
global revolutionary movement based on, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Internet Phonehouse, ref1
Interview, ref1
In the Hell of the Tournantes (Belil), ref1
Iran, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Iraq, U.S. involvement in, ref1, ref2
irony, ref1, ref2
Islam and Islamism. See also Muslims, European
Bouyeri and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
democracy and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
diversity of, ref1, ref2
Dutch society and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
European political empowerment of, ref1
as European religion, ref1, ref2
Fortuyn and, ref1
Hirsi Ali and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9. See also Submission
law of. See Shariah
modern, ref1
Muslim critics of. See Ellian, Afshin; Hirsi Ali, Ayaan
Saudi tradition of, ref1
sense of identity and, ref1
sexuality and, ref1
Shiism, ref1
Sunnis, ref1
Takfir doctrine, ref1, ref2
Turks and, ref1
Van Gogh and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
violence against women in, ref1
violence of, ref1, ref2
Western clash of values with, ref1, ref2