Belgium 189, 283
Beowulf 55, 70, 135, 148, 160, 179–80, 187–8, 224, 234, 237, 239, 256 ‘
Beren’ 136, 148, 194, 195, 222–3, 226, 237, 245
Berkshire Downs 85, 214, 217
Bird and Baby, see Eagle and Child
Birmingham 21–2, 25, 28–76, passim, 120, and passim; see also King Edward’s School, Birmingham
Birmingham Oratory 32–66 passim, 100, 111
‘Black Riders’ 248–50; see also ‘Ringwraiths’
Blackwell, Sir Basil 156, 190
Bloemfontein, 21–31
Bodleian Library, Oxford 162, 181
‘Bolger-Baggins, Bingo’ 247–251
‘Bombadil, Tom’ 216, 229, 234, 250
‘Boromir’ 264, 301
Bournemouth 17, 170, 173, 211, 327, 328–336 passim, 338, 340
Bradley, Henry 140–1
Bratt, Edith see Tolkien, Edith
Bratt, Frances 59
‘Bree’ 250
Brendan, St 229
Breton language, 96, 224
Brewerton, George 46, 54, 71
Brill (Bucks.) 214
British Academy 187
British Broadcasting Corporation 190, 286, 308
Brittany 96, 224
Brodax, Al 301
Bromsgrove (Worcs.) 49
Brookes-Smith family 74, 101
Bryson, John 163
Buchan, John 220
Campbell, Alistair 317
Carr, Charlie 336
Catcher in the Rye, The 306
Catholic Church 40–3, 50–1, 93–5 and passim
Cecil, Lord David 267
Celtic literature and mythology, Tolkien’s interest in 82–3, 96, 126, 224, 229, 245, 298; see also Welsh language Chambers, R. W. 149, 224
Charlton-on-Otmoor (Oxon.) 214
Chaucer 46, 54, 90, 186, 286
Cheltenham 65–8, 88, 93, 98, 134–5, 204, 329
Cherwell River 213
Chesterton, G. K. 193 ‘Cirith Ungol, Tower of’ 294
Clark Hall, J. R. 239, 256
Coalbiters, The, see Kolbítar Coghill, Nevill 142, 164, 258, 286
Coles, Phoebe 157
Collins & Co. 277–84
Collins, Sir William 278, 282–4
Collyer, Naomi 318
Cornwall 100–1, 105, 213
Craigie, W. A. 91, 137, 149 Crist 92, 101–2
Cullis, Colin 99, 103
Cynewulf 92, 101–2
Dagnall, Susan 240
Daily Telegraph 293
Daniel, Glyn 339
d’Ardenne, Simonne 189, 210
Davidman, Joy 315
Davis, Lena 317–8
Davis, Norman 307, 317–8, 332
Dawkins, R. M. 164
Dinard (Brittany) 96
Doran, Mgr Wilfred 343
Dormston (Worcs.) 147
Dragon School, Oxford 157, 207
Dublin 294
Dunsany, Lord, 148, 246
Dutch language 140, 300
Dyson, Hugo 142, 196–200, 265, 341
Eagle and Child public house, Oxford 200, 267, 315
‘Earendel’ (‘Earendil’) 92, 101–2, 108–9, 125, 129, 148
Early English Text Society 185
Earthly Paradise, The 127
Eastgate Hotel, Oxford 196, 336
Edda, Elder (or Poetic) 93, 194, 199, 237
Edda, Younger (or Prose) 93
Edinburgh University 338
‘Eldamar’ 108–9
‘Eldarin, Primitive’ 131
Elves in Tolkien’s writings, origin of 71–2, 128, 129–30, in early poems 106–9; in The Silmarillion 127–31; nature and function 129–31
Elvin, William 326
Elvish languages 86, 107–8, 130–2, 137, 260, 320; their contribution to Tolkien’s skill as a philologist 180–2; see also ‘Quenya’ and ‘Sindarin’
English Language and Literature, Oxford Honour School of, see Oxford University
‘Ents’ 334
‘Eriol’ 127, 225
Esperanto 57
Essays and Studies 286
Evesham 35, 178, 212, 337
Exeter College, Oxford 73, 77–99 passim, 142, 164, 196, 206, 257, 318
Exodus (Anglo-Saxon) 159, 188
‘Faramir’ 264
Farnell, L. R. 90, 207
Faulkner, Mrs 59–60, 65
ëFanorian alphabet 225, 255, 295, 321
Field family 67, 87–8, 94
Filey (Yorks.) 146, 215
Finnish language 73, 86, 104, 107, 131, 177
Four Loves, The 193, 199, 202, 204
French language 32, 38, 54, 57, 96
Furth, Charles 247, 249 ‘
Galadriel’ 334
Gamgee, Tolkien first hears the name 37; invention of ‘Gaffer Gamgee’ 213, 251; a real Sam Gamgee 299
‘Gamgee, Sam’ 114, 251
‘Gandalf’ 76, 180, 237, 240, 250, 306, 320
Gandalf’s Garden 307
Gawain, Sir, see Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
George Allen & Unwin Ltd 190, 239–41, 243, 251, 256, 258, 269–70, 277–80, 283, 285–309 passim, 313, 316, 324, 333, 339
German language 32, 47, 54–5, 70, 140–1
‘Gildor’ 249
Gilson, R. C. 53–4
Gilson, R. Q. 68–9, 84, 97, 116–18, 121
‘Goldberry’ 217
Golden Key, The 322
Golding, William 306
‘Gollum’ 247, 249, 262–3, 293
‘Gondolin’ 129
‘Gondor’ 260, 264, 294–6
Gordon, E. V. 145–6, 161, 162, 168, 185, 188–9, 224, 249
Gordon, George 142–4, 149–50, 164
Gordon, Ida 189n.
Gothic language 58, 81–2, 86, 160, 177, 285
Great Divorce, The 265n.
Great Haywood (Staffs.) 113, 120, 126, 129, 133, 134, 210
Greek language 45–6, 53–4, 57, 70–4, 80–2, 139
Green, Peter 293
Green, Roger Lancelyn 268 Grettis Saga 164
Griffiths, Elaine 210, 239
Grove, Jennie 60, 63, 93–6, 98, 113, 134, 138, 205
Hardie, Colin 338
Harting, Piet 300
Havard, R. E. 200, 321
Headington (Oxford) 13, 289, 300, 313–27
Hebrew alphabet 139
Hill, Joy 333, 339
Hitler, Adolf 252, 258
Hobbit, The, see Tolkien, J. R. R., writings
‘Hobbiton’ 234
Hobbits, origins and significance of 220, 233–5, 247–54
Houghton Mifflin Company 243, 294, 302 House of the Wolfings, The 99–100
Hughes, Richard 291
Hull, 134, 137
Icelandic language see Norse Illustrated London News 294
Incledon family 28, 41, 49, 56, 86–7, 339
Inklings, The 199–203, 228–9, 267, 278, 316, 321, 341
Ireland 183, 283, 294
Islip (Oxon.) 213
Italian language 137
‘Ithilien’ 264
Jenkinson, Phyllis 318
Jessop family 67, 94, 329
Jones, Gwyn 224
Juliene 189
Kalevala, The 73, 86, 104, 125, 135
Katerine 189
Keats, John 71
Kilby, Clyde S. 308
King Edward’s Horse 85
King Edward’s School, Birmingham 32, 41–76 passim 84, 97, 222
Kolbítar, The 163–5, 166, 185, 193, 199
Lakeside Road, Bournemouth 331–3
Lambert, J. W. 293
Lamornd Cove (Cornwall) 213
Lancashire Fusiliers 103, 110, 114–138 passim
Lang, Andrew 39, 55, 220, 253
Latin language 32, 38, 45, 53–6, 70–3, 80, 140
Lean, Tangye 199
Lear, Edward 217
Leeds 142–50, 206–7, 219
Leeds University 143–9, 179, 188, 207
‘lembas’ 301
&
nbsp; Letters to Malcolm, Chiefly on Prayer 321
Leverhulme Research Fellowship held by Tolkien 242
Levin, Bernard 296
Lewis, Sinclair 220
Lewis, W. H. 200, 262, 341
Lickey Hill 48, 52, 63
Liège University 189, 294
Life and Passion of St Juliene 189
Lion, The Witch & The Wardrobe, The 268
‘Little Kingdom, The’ 222
Lord of the Flies 306
Lord of the Rings, The, see Tolkien, J. R. R., writings
Lumsden, Elisabeth 318
‘Lúthien’ 136, 148, 194–5, 222–3, 226, 237, 245
Lyme Regis 59, 213, 218
McCallum, R. B. 163
Macdonald George 39, 220, 237, 322–3
Madlener, J. 76
Magdalen College, Oxford 164, 192–6 passim, 267
Malory 291
Marquette University 218, 299
Marvellous Land of Snergs, The 220
Masefield, John 286
Mathew, Rev. Gervase 278
Mawer, Allen 149
Merton College, Oxford 160, 162, 192, 267, 269, 281, 315, 326
Merton Street, Oxford 64, 336–9
Metcalf, John 297
‘Middle-earth’ meaning of the phrase 127
Middle English language 55, 90–1, 99, 144–5, 151, 158, 177–91 passim
Mills, Stella 210
Milton, John 71, 184 ‘Minas Morgul’ 264
Miramar Hotel, Bournemouth 328–31, 335
‘Mirkwood’ 100 ‘Misty Mountains’ 247
Mitchison, Naomi 291 ‘Mordor’ 250ff, 265, 289, 294
Morgan, Father Francis 44–73 passim, 85, 88–9, 111, 135, 213
‘Morgoth’ 127, 148, 226
‘Moria, Mines of’ 258, 290
Morris, William 99–100, 104, 127, 129
Muir, Edwin 292–3, 297
Murray, Sir James 140, 210
Murray, Rev. Robert 210, 291, 342
Murray, Rosfrith 210
Mythopieic Society 306
‘Naffarin’ 58
Napier, A. S. 91
Neave, Edwin 48
Neave, Jane (aunt of Tolkien) 21, 33, 48, 74, 147, 234, 324
‘Necromancer, The’ 226, 237, 248–9
‘Nevbosh’ 56
New English Dictionary 137, 140–1, 179
New York Herald Tribune 243 New York Times 294
Newman, John Henry 44, 48 Nibelungenlied 270
‘Niggle’ 261
Nichol Smith, David 162, 267
Norse language and mythology 55, 70, 73, 91–3, 99, 110, 127, 137, 146, 164, 178, 185, 193–4, 197–9
North Borneo Frodo Society 307
Northmoor Road, Oxford 155–7, 165, 204–15 passim 235, 240–1, 252, 257, 260, 269
‘Númenor’ 227–9, 296, 320; see also Atlantis
Observer, the 292, 297
old English, see Anglo-Saxon ‘Old Man Willow’ 217
onions, C. T. 140, 164
orange Free State 22–4
Out of the Silent Planet 227, 227n
Oxford, 76, 77ff., 155ff. and passim
Oxford English Dictionary: see New English Dictionary
Oxford Magazine 216, 229
Oxford Poetry 111
Oxford Times 293
Oxford University, Tolkien’s first sight of 64, 77; wins scholarship to 72–3; character of in 1911 77–80; his undergraduate life there 79; his daily life there in 1920s and 19308 155–65; and passim
Oxford University Honour School of English Language and Literature 90ff., 99, 110, 161–2, 177–91 passim; reform of syllabus in 184–5
Paris 96
Pearl 55, 70, 161, 188, 190, 319
‘Pelargir’ 296
Pembroke College, Oxford 159, 162, 163, 267
Perelandra 227n., 228
Peter Pan 71
Philological Soceity 186
Pied Piper, The 39
Pilgrim’s Regress, The 202–3
Plotz, Dick 308
Potter, Beatrix 217
Problem of Pain, The 203
Queen’s College, Taunton 192n.
‘Quenya’ 86, 131, 260, 320
Rackham, Arthur 217–18
Raleigh, Sir Walter 142
Reade, Father Vincent 100–1
Red Fairy Book, The 39, 55
Rednal (Worcs.) 48–9, 51, 52, 56, 63
Reeve’s Tale, The 186, 188, 286
Reynolds, R. W. 71, 76, 222
‘Ring, The One’ 136, 248–50, 261, 265, 271
‘Ring-wraiths’ 250
Rivals, The 84
‘Rohan’ 260, 264
Roos (Yorks.) 135
Rotterdam 300
‘Rumil, Alphabet of’ 139
Russia, Soviet 252
Russian language 137, 140
Sadler, Sir Michael 149
St Aloysius’ Church, Oxford 157, 213
St Andrews University 253–7
St Anne’s Church, Alcester Street, Birmingham 40–1
St Gregory’s Church, Oxford 213
St Philip’s Grammar School, Birmingham 44–5
Salinger, J. D. 306
Salu, Mary 210, 263, 338
Sandfield Road, Oxford 13, 313–31 passim
Sarehole (Warwickshire) 35–43, 48, 52, 169, 170, 178, 234
‘Saruman’ 301
‘Sauron’ 227, 246, 251, 266, 300, 307
Sayer, George 285
Science Fiction Writers of America 305
Screwtape Letters, The 203
Seafarer, The 188
‘Shadowfax’ 320
Shakespeare 46, 62, 184
‘Shelob’ 265
Sheridan, R. B. 84 ‘Shire, The’ 234, 249, 251, 295
Sidgwick & Jackson (publishers) 111, 113
Sidmouth (Devon) 255, 213, 250, 251
Silmarillion, The, see Tolkien, J. R. R., writings
‘Silmarils, The’ 127, 148, 226, 246, 255
‘Sindarin’ 131, 260, 320
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 55, 70, 145, 172, 185, 188, 190, 234, 302, 319
Sir Orfeo 190
Sisam, Kenneth 91, 145, 149, 188
‘Smaug’ 237–9
Smith, Geoffrey Bache 70, 80, 84, 85, 97, 103–7
Somme, battle of the 115–21, 129, 192
South Africa 21–3, 25, 29, 33, 35, 40, 144, 262, 266; see also Bloemfontein and Orange Free State
Spanish language 58, 96, 137
Staffordshire 110, 113, 137
Stewart, J. I. M. 179
Suffield family 21–3, 147, 178, 234
Suffield, Beatrice 51–2, 59
Suffield, John (grandfather of Tolkien) 22, 33, 41, 147, 234
Suffield, Mabel, see Tolkien, Mabel
Sunday Times 293, 297
Surprised by Joy 68, 195
Swann, Donald 302, 326
Swedish language 300
Swiss Alps 74–6, 237
‘Taníquetil’ 109
‘T.C.B.S., The’ 69–73, 79, 84–5, 97, 103–4, 116, 118–21, 125, 192, 199, 316
That Hideous Strength 202, 227n., 228
Thompson, Francis 72, 130
‘Thorin Oakenshield’ 237
‘Thror’ 241
Time & Tide 201, 229, 292, 296
Times, The 180, 242
Times Literary Supplement 242
‘Titus, Timothy’ 216, 234
Tolhurst, Denis and Jocelyn 340
Tolkien family, origins of 21–3, 32–5
Tolkien, Adam (grandson of J. R. R. T.) 337
Tolkien, Arthur (father of J. R. R. T.) 21–31, 41
Tolkien, Baillie (daughter-in-law of J. R. R. T.) 337
Tolkien, Christopher (son of J. R. R. T.) 136, 149, 157, 191, 2
07, 226, 227n., 236, 239, 249–50, 257, 259–63, 266, 267, 269, 282, 288, 295, 317, 332, 340
Tolkien, Edith (wife of J. R. R. T.) appearance 14, 59; birth and upbringing 59–61; meets Tolkien 61; romance with him 61–6; separation from him 65–6, reunion with him 87–9; becomes a Catholic 94–8; marriage 111–12; makes fair copy of his work 133; identified with ‘Luthien’ 135–6; unhappiness with Oxford life 204–9; interest in Tolkien’s writing 210; increasing infirmity 211, 283, 316, 325, 327; retirement in Bournemouth 327–32; death 335 and passim
Tolkien, Faith (daughter-in-law of J.R.R. T.) 317
Tolkien, Hilary (brother of J. R. R. T.) 28–76 passim, 101, 103, 147, 212, 234, 337
‘Tolkien in Oxford’ (BBC television programme) 309
Tolkien, Joan Anne (granddaughter of J. R. R. T.) 324
Tolkien, John Benjamin (grandfather of J. R. R. T.) 34
Tolkien, John (son of J. R. R. T.) 135, 156, 207–11, 215–6, 219, 236, 257, 264, 269, 317, 340, 342
Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel (1892–1973)
LIFE: ancestry 21–3, 33–5; birth 25; names given to him 26; infancy at Bloemfontein 26–9; return to England 29–30; childhood at Sarehole 35–42; receives first lessons from his mother 38–9, 45; childhood reading 39–40; early interest in languages 39; encounters Norse legends 39–40; writes first story 39; mother becomes a Catholic 40–1; family moves into Birmingham 42–4; attends King Edward’s School Birmingham 41–6; 49, 53ff.; encounters Welsh language 43–4; encounters Middle English 46, 55; learns Anglo-Saxon 54–5; death of mother 49; interest in Rugby football 53, 62–3, 72–3, 79; begins to invent languages 56–8 (see also Elvish languages); romance with Edith Bratt 61–6; separated from her 64–6; formation of ‘The T.C.B.S.’ 68–71; wins Oxford scholarship 73; visits Swiss Alps 74–6; goes up to Oxford 77ff.; reunion with Edith Bratt 87–9; takes Honour Moderations 89–90; changes to English School 30; wins First Class Honours 110; wartime service 110ff; marriage 111–12; serves in Somme 114–19; begins to write The Silmarillion 127–35; obtains job on Oxford Dictionary 137–41; keeps a diary in invented alphabets 139 (see also alphabets, invented); moves to Leeds 142–3; elected Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford 149–50; his life there 156–7; teaching methods 158–61; duties as Professor 182–3; reform of syllabus 184–5, 195; friendship with C. S. Lewis 192–203, 207–8; formation of ‘The Inklings’ 199–203 buys a car 212; tells bedtime stories 215, 219; writes The Hobbit 234–9; begins to write The Lord of the Rings 246; progress on the book 246–73; made Professor of English Language and Literature 267; completes The Lord of the Rings 271; negotiations for its publication 277–84; success of The Lord of the Rings 297ff.; retirement 314–18; continued work on The Silmarillion 318–20, 333–5, 338; financial prosperity 325–7; moves to Bournemouth 327–33; death of his wife 335; returns to Oxford 336; life there 336–9; recieves C.B.E. and academic honours 338; final illness and death 257