Petsamo codebooks and, 97
Sasha returns to, 174–75, 235–37
Moscow Institute of Chemical-Machine Building, 62
Moscowitz, Miriam, 240
Moscow Rules, 199
Mount Holyoke College, 36
MSN series, 185
Mussolini, Benito, 54
Nagasaki, 169, 256
National Law School, 14
National Personnel Records Center, 257
Naval Intelligence, 147
Naval Ordnance Department, 164
Navy “Blue Caesar” investigation, 47
Nazi Germany, 16, 39, 49, 197, 287
atom bomb and, 61, 189
Finland and, 97–98
invasion of Soviet Union and, 59, 96–97
scientist from, 186, 189
Neff, Paul, 98–99
New Deal, 15
New Haven field office (FBI), 57
New Mexico field office (FBI), 210, 211
New York
Greenglass (Kalibre) and, 257
Sasha sent to, 70–72
“Tyre” as code for, 243–44
New York field office (FBI), 21–26, 48, 56, 89. See also Soviet Espionage squad
New York rezidentura (Soviet diplomatic mission), 73–74, 77, 122, 135, 154–55, 172–73
KGB station at, 63, 65
New York Times, 60–62, 233
Nil (code name), 108, 161
Noisette, Sam, 91–92
Norton, William, 262, 267–68
Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 121, 172, 186
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 109
Official Secrets Acts (Britain), 200
One Hundredth Infantry, 98
175th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron, 168–69
On Leong Tong, 24
“On the Use of Uranium for a Bomb” (British Cabinet report), 63
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 185–86
Osa. See Greenglass, Ruth
Pearl Harbor attack, 18, 31, 39
Peierls, Eugenia, 189
Peierls, Rudolf, 189–92
Perl, William (Gnome), 278–79
Petsamo (KOD 14) codebook, 96–104
Philby, Kim, 62
Phillips, Cecil, 83–86
Pitt Machine Products, 252
plutonium, 78
plutonium bomb, 181, 249–50, 256
Principles of Chemical Engineering, The (textbook), 230
Progressive Party, 248
proximity fuse, 272
Purple code, 35
Quakers, 190
Quantico, 16–17
Raymond. See Gold, Harry
RCA, 38–39, 46, 75
Report SN-12 “Efferent Fluctuations in a Steam Diffusion Method,” 172, 182–85
Reeves Instrument Company, 147, 164
“Review of the Uranium Problem” (classified paper), 77–78
“Revised Translation of Message on Antenna—Liberal’s wife Ethel” (Meredith memo on KGB cable of November 27, 1944), 160–61
Reynolds, Wes, 112–13
Robbins, Joseph Arnold, 213–15
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 105
Rosenberg, Ethel, 108, 142, 160–63, 173, 269–70, 272–74
execution of, 1–7, 283–87
Rosenberg, Julius (Antenna, Liberal, Libi), 108, 275
Barr and Sarrant (Meter and Hughes) and, 157–58, 279–80
code names and, 282
Elitcher and, 143–44, 165–66, 275–76
Fuchs arrest and, 254
Gold (Raymond) and, 214, 256, 258–59, 266–67
grave site of, 289–90
Greenglass (Kalibre) and, 252–56, 258–59, 261, 265, 269–70
interrogation and arrest of, 267–75
KGB recruitment of, 132–37
network of, 265, 278
Perl (Gnome) and, 278–79
Sasha as handler of, 137–44, 254–55, 289–90
Sobell (Senya) and, 149, 277
trial and execution of, 5–6, 281–89
wife Ethel and, 160–61, 271
Rosenberg, Michael, 273
Rowlett, Frank, 112–14, 116, 119, 122
Royal Canadian Air Force, 52
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 53
Russia. See KGB; Soviet Union
Russian code and cipher system, 38–46, 51, 79–84, 94
Bentley and, 84
Blue Problem force and, 47, 80
bookbreaking and, 101, 104–5
Corby Affair and, 51–52
Cyrillic letters and, 102, 104
design of, 38–47
discrimination and, 79–80
en clair names and numbers and, 85, 133, 152, 243
English spell codes and, 102–6
Fibonacci series and, 45
IBM processing system and, 81, 85, 102
Index and, 102–3
Inverse Frequency List and, 102
item cycling, 85–86
key page, 84–85
Lane Log and, 102
Meredith breaks, 100–108
Meredith memos on, 107–8
Meredith re-creates codebook, 127–29
message prints, 101–2
one-time pads, 44–45, 82–85, 226
one-time pads reused, 82–83, 100
Petsamo codebook and, 96–104
plaintext cables and, 118–23
repetitions and, 80–81, 103–4
spell and end spell indicators discovered, 104–5
TICOM and, 99–100
Russian Voice, 243
Santa Fe meetings, 210–11, 225, 230–32, 240–42, 260
Sarant, Alfred (Hughes), 154–61, 278–80
Sarnoff, David, 38
Savchenko, Sergei Romanovich, 175
Sax, Saville (Star), 243–44, 247–51, 280–81
School of Special Assignment (KGB training school), 67–69, 149, 180
SCR-584 device, 159
Selective Service, 1, 23–26
“Semasiological History of High German, A” (Gardner), 30
Senya. See Sobell, Morton
“Shibey Curr and Lindsay” tag, 230
Signals Intelligence Service (sigint), 39, 41, 113
Signal Security Agency. See Army Security Agency), 32
Skardon, William, 197–202, 210, 218–19, 238
Slack, Alfred Dean (Martin), 240
Sobell, Morton (Senya), 147–50, 152–53, 164–66, 173, 276–78, 279
trial of, 281, 283–85, 287
sonar technology, 149
Soviet Central Committee, 59
Soviet consulate (New York), 59–60, 73, 138. See also New York rezidentura
FBI listening devices in, 94
Soviet consulate (Petsamo, Finland), 97
Soviet Council of Ministers, 197, 255
Soviet embassy (Ottawa), Cipher Room 12, 51
Soviet embassy (Washington, D.C.), 50
Soviet Espionage (SE) squad (FBI), 26, 48–50, 53, 56–57, 75, 89–90, 109–13, 135, 171
Soviet Foreign Ministry, 46
Soviet General Staff, 82
Soviet Government Purchasing Commission, 94, 119
Soviet Ministry of Trade, 46
Soviet (Red) Army, 39, 98, 100
Soviet State Defense Committee, 64
Soviet Trade Delegation (Berlin), 189
Soviet Union, 26
atom bomb detonated by, 169–71, 274
atomic research and, 64, 78
Barr travels to, 156
Finland and, 96–98
Nazi invasion of, 59, 82, 96–98
“Special Analysis Report Number 1: Cover Names in Diplomatic Traffic” (Meredith memo), 107
Special Committee on the Atomic Bomb (Soviet Union), 122–23
“Special Study” (Meredith document), 130
spectrographic method, 243
Sperry Gyroscope, 154–55
&nb
sp; Spillane, Lawrence, 252–53
Spindel, William, 245
spy tradecraft
black-bag jobs, 90, 94, 119, 216
brush pass, 149
dead letter box (DLB), 181
fallback dates, 199
hatbox operation, 247
honey trap, 158
mail cover, 148, 247
Stagg Field, 247
Stalin, Joseph, 59, 62, 64, 68, 82–83, 189
Stalingrad, battle of, 41, 64
Star. See Sax, Saville
State Department, 205
“Storks Fly Away, The” (song), 6
STOTT (British intelligence officer), 194–95
Sudoplatov, Pavel, 68
Target Identification Committee (TICOM), 98–100
Tass (Soviet news agency), 283
Teller, Edward, 245–46
Tennessee army base, 20
Tenth Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence (KGB), 175, 235
thermal diffusion, 216, 243
Tolson, Clyde, 94, 206–7, 219
Tolstoy, Leo, 62
Treasury Department, 14, 24–25, 55
Trotsky, Leon, 68
Truman, Harry S., 128, 135, 169–71, 173
“Tyre” (New York), 243–44
Ulam, Stanislaw, 245
U.S. Congress, 39
U.S. Post Office, 148
University of California, Berkley, 121
University of Chicago, 80, 121, 247–48
University of Edinburgh, 190
University of Leipzig, 196
University of North Carolina, 83
University of Ohio, 31
University of Texas, 30
University of Wisconsin, 30, 36
uranium-235 (U-235), 61, 65, 78, 121, 171–72, 171–72 186
uranium-238 (U-238), 171–72
ashtray made of, 253, 260, 268
uranium research, 62, 64, 249
V-2 rocket, 159
Van Loon, Ernie, 190–91, 194, 213–16
Venona, 193–94, 202, 209, 243, 247, 272, 281. See also Army Security Agency; Gardner, Meredith; Russian code and cipher system
Veterans Administration, 288
Viktor. See Fitin, Pavel
Vlasov, Andrei, 71
Volodya (London Soviet embassy chauffeur), 175–76
War and Peace (Tolstoy), 62
Ward, John, 165
War Department, 133
Wasp. See also Greenglass, Ruth
Weisskopf, Victor, 245
Western Electric, 154
Western Union, 75
Whelan, Dick, 265
Whelan, Thomas John, 24–26
Whitman, Walt, 249
Whitson, Lish, 91, 170
Wilcox, Mr., 15
Winter War, 96
Women’s Flying Training Detachment, 22
Woodcock, Bruce, 178
Worker, The, 248
World War II, 18, 22, 96–98
wranglers. See cryptanalysts
Wyly, Percy, 245–46
XY line, 136
Yatskov, Anatoly (Russian John), 67–69, 73–74, 76–77, 122, 235–36, 256, 284, 287
Young Communist League (Gymnasts), 243
Zelman, Franklin, 63
Zhukov, Georgy, 82
Zubilin, Elizabeth, 50
Zubilin, Vassily, 50
Zubko, Leonard, 41, 46–47
Photos Section
Arlington Hall. Once a girls’ finishing school, Arlington Hall became the top-secret headquarters for the government’s attack on Russian codes. Wikimedia Commons
The Arlington Hall bowling team. After a long day of trying to crack the Soviet codes, many of the young code breakers would relax on the lanes. Wikimedia Commons
The Lamphere children: Bob, Art, and Alice on a snowy winter’s day in Mullano, Idaho, in 1922. Bob grew up as the overlooked middle child. There was nothing he liked better than heading up into the hills with his rifle and hunting dog to be “out of sight of people from dawn to dusk.” Lamphere Family Collection, courtesy of Theo Schaad
The Lamphere children: Bob, Alice, and Art. Growing up in the hardscrabble mining town of Mullano, left Bob, he’d say, “always ready to put up a fight.” Lamphere Family Collection, courtesy of Theo Schaad
A twelve-year-old Bob. He was both of his parents’ son. He inherited his temper from his dad, Joe, and his fondnesss for books from his mother, Lilly. Lamphere Family Collection, courtesy of Theo Schaad
Bob and Sarah’s wedding day photo. Bob met Sarah Hosch when he was a young, footloose, novice FBI field agent in Birmingham, Alabama, and she became his second wife. Lamphere Family Collection, courtesy of Theo Schaad
Meredith Gardner was a long, lanky, ascetic man, partial to a deliberately donnish attire. A man whose very thinness seemed to suggest that all the fun had been squeezed out of him. Gardner Family Collection, courtesy of Michele and Arthur Gardner
Meredith Gardner at Arlington Hall. Gardner worked amid a “sea of women” at Arlington Hall, but he was not just the rare man—he was the only legend. Gardner Family Collection, courtesy of Michele and Arthur Gardner
Blanche Hatfield, a Mount Holyoke Phi Beta Kappa grad and a code wrangler at Arlington Hall, introduced herself to fellow code breaker Meredith Gardner with a flirty, “I thought you were just a legend!” And in German, to boot. It was pretty much love at first sight. Gardner Family Collection, courtesy of Michele and Arthur Gardner
Gene Grabeel. A high school home economics teacher, Grabeel went to wartime Washington to “shuffle papers” and wound up at Arlington Hall working on “the Blue Problem.” Wikimedia Commons
After a thirty-six-year career for the Army Security Agency (which later became the National Security Agency), Gene Grabeel was recognized as “an American hero” by the CIA. Wikimedia Commons
The KGB seal. While the Soviet Union was an ally of the United States in WWII, the spies of Moscow Center were already waging a covert war against America. “The Russians were operating all around us,” Lamphere finally realized. YAY Media AS/Alamy Stock Vector
Harry Gold, the Soviet courier known as Raymond. When he broke, Moscow Center presciently feared, all the dominoes would start to fall. nsf/Alamy Stock Photo
Bob Lamphere (right) heading off to London with Hugh Clegg, the assistant FBI director he called “Trout Mouth,” to interview atomic spy Klaus Fuchs. “The whole pressures of the world were on my shoulders,” Lamphere moaned. Bettmann/Contributor
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg after their arraignment for conspiracy to commit espionage, August 1951. Julius, as the Soviet spy code-named “Liberal,” ran a network of productive agents. Ethel, according to the cable Gardner had decrypted, “does not work.” Yet both died in the Sing Sing prison electric chair. Everett Collection Inc/Alamy Stock Photo
Bob, nearly forty, after he had left the FBI. He had written a memo to FBI director J. Edgar Hoover arguing that Ethel Rosenberg should not be executed, and Hoover had shared it with the judge—to no avail. After that, Bob’s heart was no longer in the hunt for spies. Lamphere Family Collection, courtesy of Theo Schaad
Meredith and his daughter, Ann, on the boat to England. After the execution of the Rosenbergs, he felt a deep guilt that his puzzle-solving had culminated in their deaths. He went to work at Cheltenham, the British code-breaking facility, because he wanted to get away from America for a while. Gardner Family Collection, courtesy of Michele and Arthur Gardner
Arthur Gardner and his sister, Ann, when the family was living in England. Years earlier a mischievous Arthur, mystified by his parents’ conversations, had constructed an electric chair to give Ann the shock of her life. Gardner Family Collection, courtesy of Michele and Arthur Gardner
About the Author
HOWARD BLUM is the author of the New York Times bestsellers The Last Goodnight and Dark Invasion, as well as the Edgar Award–winning American Lightning, Wanted!, The Gold of Exodus, Gangland, and The Floor of Heaven. Blum is a contri
buting editor at Vanity Fair and a former reporter for the New York Times, where he was twice nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for investigative reporting. He is the father of three children and lives in Connecticut.
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Also by Howard Blum
NONFICTION
The Last Goodnight
Dark Invasion
The Floor of Heaven
American Lightning
The Eve of Destruction
The Brigade
The Gold of Exodus
Gangland
Out There
I Pledge Allegiance
Wanted!
FICTION
Wishful Thinking
Copyright
IN THE ENEMY’S HOUSE. Copyright © 2018 by Howard Blum. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
COVER DESIGN BY JAMES IACOBELLI
COVER PHOTOGRAPH © AP IMAGES
FIRST EDITION
Digital Edition FEBRUARY 2018 ISBN: 978-0-06-245827-8
Version 01292018
Print ISBN: 978-0-06-245824-7
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