Mass Observation movement, as father of 4, 167–71, 200, 430
Plough project 277, 280, 281, 295–323 328, 333, 334, 349, 373, 377, 382, 412, 422, 424, 427, 429–30; aims of 240–1, 251–2; Amery receives plan for 241–2; American-Canadian co-operation over 312, 322–3; birth of idea 236–41; Bush opposes 313–15, 318–19, 320–1; Churchill and 242, 273–4, 277, 278, 293, 295, 305, 308, 313, 320; Combined Operations, GP attempts to convince of validity of 235–6; cost of 278; Duncan attempts to wrest control of from GP 296, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307–8, 310, 312, 313, 322, 333, 396; Frederick and 307, 308, 310–11, 312, 323; guerilla force 4, 238–9, 240, 244, 250, 251, 252, 255, 261, 262, 264, 274, 277, 299, 304, 310, 311–12, 320, 322–3, 382–3, 385, 430; Mountbatten and 235, 245, 249–55, 261, 263, 272, 273, 274–5, 276, 277, 278, 279, 295, 296, 297, 299, 301, 302, 303, 306, 308–9, 310, 311, 313–14, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 328; name of 277; plan rejected by Combined Operations 241–3; questions over practicalities of 264–5; resignation letter, GP’s 301–6; revised and expanded proposal 244; secret papers go missing 306; snow as military element, treatment of 237–8; snowmobile, revolutionary 239–40, 243, 250, 252, 261, 264, 265–8, 273, 274, 277, 299, 300, 301, 304, 305, 307, 318, 320, 383; Soviet involvement in, GP encourages 274–5; U.S. Army, GP attempts to convince of validity 295–323; United States role in 273–80, 294, 295–323; Vice-Chiefs of Staff accept 261–2; Wedderburn and see Wedderburn, Major E. A. M.; White House, GP attempts to bypass US Army with approach to 315–21 post-war life and death, 1945–8: death penalty, writes letter to The Times
on abolition of the, 1947 429; NHS recruitment, involvement in 4, 394–5, 397, 429; suicide 1–3, 5, 400–6; UNICEF, writes letter to The Times on government’s decision not to donate to, 1948 398–9, 429
Ruhleben Trabrennbahn prison camp 46–66, 69, 71–2, 73, 74, 75, 76, 80, 87, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 107, 108–9, 119, 120, 126, 153, 157, 160, 223, 293, 403–4; account of incarceration in and escape from (To Ruhleben – And Back) 100, 108–9, 128, 160; arrival in 44, 46–7, 50–1; conditions in 45; ‘double pneumonia’, contracts in 51–2, 60, 153, 403–4; escape from 52–66, 67, 69, 71–2, 74–5, 87, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108–9, 113, 119, 120, 126, 160, 223, 293, 403–4; escapes death penalty 47–8, 49–50; Falk in and see Falk, Teddy; Jewish barrack 51, 157, 160, 403–4; life in 45; mental condition in 48–9, 52; mix of prisoners in 44–5, 52–3; public lecture in aid of 101; sends food parcels to after escape 100
security services suspicions over/Communist connections (Pyke Hunt): anti-fascist activities promote idea of Soviet involvement 413–16; Burgess and Blunt, connections to 6, 272, 407–27; calculus of suspicion calibrated by class 288; Cambridge, suspicions aroused about GP in 100–2; chalk-shelter campaign and 283–4; classified documents on GP released 5–6, 408; Colonel Malcolm Cumming investigates GP 218–21; Combined Operations, attempts to curtail role at 6, 255, 272–2, 280, 293–4, 324–5, 326–7, 342, 387; Combined Operations, GP seems to supply details of meetings in 408–13; CPGB action propaganda, suspected as being in charge of 282–94; CPGB, conversations within over GP’s influence with Mountbatten 325–6; First World War, as German spy in 6, 49–50, 98, 99–111, 112, 113; gap in GP’s story from 1929–34 and 259; Glading trial and 208, 209–10, 257; Golders Green, connection to women in who claims to be part of a foreign secret service 208–9, 221, 416; ISC and 282–3; Jürgen Kuczynski, connection to 291, 292, 293, 326, 349, 389, 416, 417, 419, 423, 425, 426; Kamnitzer and Rünkel, connections to 223–4, 229–30, 232–4; ‘known Communist’, described as 217, 221; KPD and see KPD; Marjorie Watson, connection with see Watson, Marjorie; MI5 and see MI5; MI6 and see MI6; news agency, creation of 284–6, 419–22, 425; no charges brought against 6; Personal/Special File on, MI5 99, 100, 111, 112, 113, 122, 234, 271, 311; ‘Professor Higgins’ and 191, 203, 214, 215, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228 see also Rünkel, Rolf; ‘Professor P’, suspected of being a senior Comintern official working undercover for Soviet Union as 6, 256–60, 281–94, 387, 406, 407–27; Rothschild assesses 326–7, 425–6; sounds coming from GP’s flat, members of public report suspicious 217, 218, 221, 284, 285, 421–2; Special Branch and 6, 18, 103, 189, 217, 218, 219, 230, 232, 257, 258, 281, 282, 285, 292, 293, 387, 391, 406; surveillance of 6, 287–94; Thomson investigates 104–6, 109–10; VIAS as ‘under Communist control’, MI5 views 210–11; vision of future as socialist and anti-capitalist, not Communist 418–19
survey of German attitudes to war 184–216; aim of plan 192–4; birth of 184–7; funding of 215; Gallup and 199–200, 214; Germans interviewed 195, 196, 197, 203; GP meets interviewers in Germany 198–9; GP’s trip to Paris during 190–1, 215; interviewers journey into Germany 192, 194–5, 199, 200–1, 215; Marjorie Watson and see Watson, Marjorie; MI5 suspicions over 189, 208–9, 258; ‘Professor Higgins’ and 191, 203, 214, 215; profits from 200; recruitment of interviewers 187–8; results of 214–15; results of, getting out of Germany 201–8
Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain (VIAS) 171–82, 210–11, 227, 312, 414–15, 415, 430; Advisory Committee 175, 176; cells 178, 179; formation of 174; GP as terrible manger of 179–80; GP canvasses opinions on 174–5; idea for scheme 171–4; MI5 views as ‘under Communist control’ 210–11; motorcycle sidecar, GP designs 7, 180; pedal-powered locomotive, GP develops plans for 180; ‘social entrepreneurs’, GP describes volunteers as 179; sphagnum moss, GP distributes guide to collecting and distributing 181; TUC and 175–6, 177; voluntarism, GP describes as a triumph of small-scale 178
war correspondent: American ambassador James W. Gerard involvement in arrest and release to Ruhleben Trabrennbahn 47–8, 49–50; arrested and imprisoned (solitary confinement) 38–43, 46, 48–50, 66, 109, 136, 163; Berlin, time spent in as Daily Chronicle Special Correspondent 34–43; Daily Chronicle Special Correspondent in Berlin, gains job as 22–6; Edward Lyell Fox and 18–19, 23, 34, 50; mental condition in jail 48–9; political epiphany in jail 49, 141, 286–7; smuggles himself into Germany 25–34; Raymund Eggleton, gains American passport as 29–43, 100; records troop movements in Charlottenburg Park 36–8, 39, 47, 65; Reuters Special Correspondent in Copenhagen 17–19, 20, 21, 92, 100
writing: advertising copy for Shell, writes 157; book reviews 22; journalism 17–43, 94, 96, 235, 283, 284, 286, 287, 290; poetry 22; short stories 22; To Ruhleben – And Back 108–9, 128, 160
Pyke QC, Lionel (father) 12, 12, 13, 20, 51, 104, 115, 118, 127, 293
Pyke, Magnus (cousin) 5
Pyke, Mary (mother) 13, 110, 114, 115–20, 115, 122, 157, 206
Pyke, Richard (brother) 110, 114–17, 117, 118, 125, 138, 139, 160, 396; The Lives and Deaths of Roland Greer 114–17, 139
‘Pykrete’ (reinforced ice) 349–51, 354, 356, 358–9, 360, 361–2, 369, 370–1, 373, 377, 393–4, 429, 436
Quebec, Quadrant Conference, 1943 366, 367, 370, 371, 372, 378, 436
Queen Mary 336, 366, 372
Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur 101, 102
R. & J. Beck Instrument Makers, Kentish Town 178
RAF 290, 293, 295, 352, 410
Raleigh, Peter 183–4, 188, 192, 196–7, 198, 199, 200, 201–2, 206–7, 212, 213–14, 213, 215, 420
Ramsey, Frank 125–8, 125, 137–8, 291
Rank, Otto 130
Ransome, Arthur 22
Ray, Cyril 244–5, 285, 345
Reading, Marquess of 165
Recklinghausen, Helena von 72
Red Army 291, 411
Rees, Goronwy 262
Refrigeration Data Book of the American society of Refrigeration Engineers 335
Reik, Theodor 137
Repulse 332
Research and Experimental Headquarters, Ministry of Home Security 270
Reuters 17–19, 21, 92
Reynolds News 206, 283, 284, 285, 422
Rugby School 120
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 203, 204, 208, 284, 417
Rickman, John 138
Rollston’s aircraft factory 210
&nbs
p; Romania 67, 244, 264, 272, 274, 306
Rommel, Erwin 250–1, 352
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 192, 275, 277, 296, 308–9, 310, 326, 339, 341, 373
Ropp, Baron de 187
Rosenberg, Alfred 164
Rostow, Eugene 318
Rothschild, Victor 151, 165, 326, 327, 425–6
Round-Up, Operation 275, 308
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 121, 131, 434
Rowe, Hartley 299
Royal Navy 35
Royal Tank Corps 296
Ruhleben Trabrennbahn prison camp, Germany 46–66, 69, 71–2, 73, 74, 75, 76, 80, 87, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 107, 108–9, 119, 120, 126, 153, 157, 160, 223, 293, 403–4; account of incarceration in and escape from (To Ruhleben – And Back), GP’s 100, 108–9, 128, 160; arrival in 44, 46–7, 50–1; conditions in 45; ‘double pneumonia’, GP contracts in 51–2, 60, 153, 403–4; escape from, GP and Falk 52–66, 67, 69, 71–2, 74–5, 87, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108–9, 113, 119, 120, 126, 160, 223, 293, 403–4; escapes death penalty, GP 47–8, 49–50; Falk in and see Falk, Teddy; GP sends food parcels to after escape 100; Jewish barrack 51, 157, 160, 403–4; life in 45; mental condition in, GP’s 48–9, 52; mix of prisoners in 44–5, 52–3; public lecture in aid of, GP’s 101
Russell, Bertrand 49, 104, 110, 157
Russell, Margaret 157
Russia 4, 16, 19, 22, 30, 31, 37, 90, 110, 159 see also Soviet Union
Russian Orthodox Church 411
Rutherford, Sir Ernest 132, 140, 144
Sargent Florence, Alix 16, 17, 135
Sargent Florence, Philip 12–13, 15, 16, 17, 29, 140
Sassoon, Siegfried 110, 151
Scotland Yard 106, 350
Scott, C. P. 197
Scott, J. R. 209
Scott, Joe 175, 210
Scott, Ros 197
Second World War, 1939–45 1, 3, 53, 181, 214–385, 387, 388–90, 391, 392, 393, 394, 397, 407, 411, 412, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 426, 429, 435, 439 see also under individual operation and area of conflict name
Sektion IIIb 99
Serbia 16, 29
Shaw, George Bernard 112, 123, 124, 141, 163, 166, 264, 279, 318, 388, 402, 415, 419, 423, 434; Apple Cart 189; Major Barbara 301; Pygmalion 191, 232; St Joan 232
Shell 157, 382
Simpson, Wallis 167, 168, 169, 247
Sinclair, Admiral Hugh 420–1
Siona 142–3
SIS 26, 106, 112, 187, 208, 211, 219, 221, 256, 257, 284, 292, 411, 420–1
Sissmore, Jane 211
Sketch 393
Sledgehammer, Operation 275, 277, 308, 309
Smith, F. E. (later Lord Birkenhead) 20
Smith, Stanley 188, 190, 191, 192, 195–6, 198, 199, 200–1, 203, 207, 212, 212, 213–14, 420
Smollett, Peter 410–13, 424
Smuts, General 165–6
Snoek, Moses 97
Socrates vii, 164, 265
Soda Springs Ski Resort, California 300–2
SOE (Special Operations Executive) 251, 272, 273, 278, 321
Somme, Battle of the, 1916 106
South Africa 21, 165–6, 270
Soviet Union 2, 6, 124, 141, 142, 152, 172, 181, 185 193, 208–11, 212, 216, 221, 225, 226, 227, 229, 232, 233, 244, 255, 256, 268, 272, 274, 276, 278, 281–2, 284, 291, 293, 294, 296, 306, 307, 326, 327, 354, 387, 405–6, 407, 408, 409, 410–12, 418, 423, 424, 426 see also Russia and Pyke, Geoffrey: security services suspicions over/Communist connections (Pyke Hunt)
‘Spain Shops’ 173
Spanish Civil War, 1936–9 171–82, 183, 184, 211, 238, 428
Spanner, Mr 345
SPD (German political party) 226, 227, 228
Special Branch 6, 18, 103, 189, 217, 218, 219, 230, 232, 257, 258, 281, 282, 285, 292, 293, 387, 391, 406
Spectator, The 109, 145–7
Spencer, Kenneth 215, 416
Springhall, Dave 408
St Lawrence River, Canada 349, 361
St Mawes, Cornwall 105, 106, 107
St Nazaire Raid, 1942 273
Stalin, Joseph 134, 183, 228, 233, 258, 274, 278, 292, 411, 414, 419
Stalin, Vasily 134
Stephenson, William 297, 330
Stewart, Janet 400
Stimson, Henry 304, 318–19, 320
Strachey, James 135, 137, 218
Strachey, John: Theory and Practice of Socialism 415
Strachey, Lytton 120, 137
Strachey, Philippa 218
Strauss, G. R. 292
Stuart, Lieutenant-General Kenneth 311
Stuart, Sir Campbell 213–14, 220, 420, 421
Sudetenland 184–5
Summerhill school, Germany 134
Sunday Dispatch 282, 285
Sunday Pictorial 217
Superman character 374, 374, 375, 375, 425
Tanner, Jack 175, 210
Taylor, A. J. P. 101
Teutoburg Forest 76, 77
‘The Dynamics of Innovation’ (BBC broadcast) 397–8
THEY Lied (pamphlet) 284
Thomson, Basil ‘Spycatcher’ 103, 104, 105, 107, 109, 110
Time 3, 309, 402
Times, The 2, 3, 20, 94, 108, 166, 181, 204, 215, 283, 288–9, 392, 393, 398, 399, 402, 410, 429
Tirpitz, SS 253–4
Tizard, Sir Henry 269, 269, 273–4
Toscanelli, Paolo 385
Toynbee Hall, London 188
Trades Union Congress (TUC) 175–6, 177, 186, 415
Treaty of Versailles 121, 204
Tribune 181, 284
Trident Conference, Washington, 1943 365–6
Trinidad 353
Trott, Adam von 194
Tucker ‘Sno Cat’ 300
Tyerman, Donald 399, 400, 437
U-boats 18, 69, 332, 333, 334, 346, 366, 367
‘U-Boat Alley’ 332, 333–4
Uncensored News 420
UNICEF 398–9, 429
Union of Democratic Control (UDC) 104
United Fruit Company 301
United States 4, 12, 18, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 143, 166, 169, 172, 286; Habbakuk and 367–71, 372–6, 424; Plough and 273–80, 294, 295–323, 329, 330, 351
University College London (UCL) 188
University of London: Department of Child Development 152
US Army 275–7, 295, 299, 307, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 322 see also Pyke, Geoffrey: Habbakuk project and Plough project
US Navy 373, 376
US Special Forces 236, 323, 424, 430
V1 and V2 weapons 386
Vansittart, Sir Robert 194–5, 205, 222, 416, 421
Varga, Professor 258, 259, 425
Vemork HEP station, Norway 252, 277
Vickers Armstrong 210
Voluntary Industrial Aid for Spain (VIAS) 171–82, 210–11, 227, 312, 414–15, 415, 430; Advisory Committee 175, 176; cells 178, 179; formation of 174; GP as terrible manger of 179–80; GP canvasses opinions on 174–5; idea for scheme 171–4; MI5 views as ‘under Communist control’ 210–11; motorcycle sidecar, GP designs 7, 180; pedal-powered locomotive, GP develops plans for 180; ‘social entrepreneurs’, GP describes volunteers as 179; sphagnum moss, GP distributes guide to collecting and distributing 181; TUC and 175–6, 177; voluntarism, GP describes as a triumph of small-scale 178
Von Taube, Baron 74–5
Wachs, General 36
Waley-Cohen, Sir Robert 165
Walker, Captain ‘Johnnie’ 366
Wallis, Barnes 344
War Department, U.K. 189
War Department, U.S. 297–8, 299, 304, 305, 308, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322
War Office 99, 112, 181, 242, 261–2, 269, 296
Warner, Sherman 299
Watson, Marjorie 189, 195, 203, 204, 215, 218–19, 220, 221,
416, 420
Waugh, Evelyn 120, 243, 262, 271, 363; Decline and Fall 175
‘Weasel’ (snowmobile) (M–29 Tracked Cargo Carrier) 304–5, 307, 313, 314, 318, 319, 322, 383, 384, 385, 429–30 see also Pyke, Geoffrey: Plough project
Webb-Pomerene Trade Export Act, 1918 143
Webb, Beatrice 141
Webb, Sidney 141, 165
Webber, Eva 208–9, 211, 221, 416
Wedderburn, Major E. A. M. 295–6, 298, 300, 304, 305, 306, 315, 379
Week 294
Weekly Dispatch 20
Wehrmacht 219
Weizmann, Chaim 165, 166
Wells, H. G. 53, 91, 124, 419, 433
Wernher, Sir Harold 262, 271, 344, 345, 346, 350, 351, 396
Weserübung, Operation (German assault on Denmark and Norway) 218
West, Nigel 409
White House, Washington DC 192, 296, 308, 315, 316, 318, 319, 322, 373
Whittle, Frank 403
Whyte, Lancelot Law 3, 140, 403
Wildman-Lushington, Geoffrey 249, 274–5, 293, 377, 378, 410
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 16, 33, 34
Winant, John 341
Winter Warfare School, Scotland 295–6
Wintringham, Captain Tom 286
Witchcraft Act, 1735 163
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 127; Tractatus Logico–Philosophicus 125
Wolff News Agency 17
Woolf, Virginia 110
Woolfson, Sir Isaac 160
Workers’ Educational Association, London 130, 188
World Alliance for Combating Anti–Semitism 164
World Zionist Conference, Lucerne, 1935 165
Wyatt, Major 279
‘X-Group’ (GRU espionage cell) 284
Zeusler, Captain 332
Ziegler, Philip 247
Zionism 165, 229
Zuckerman, Solly 269, 269, 270, 271, 287, 345, 352–3, 376, 378
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly.