219 ‘In view of this’: Malcolm Cumming to Gilbert Lennox, 27 April 1939, KV 2/3035/50a
219 ‘a short man’: Peter Wright with Paul Greengrass, Spycatcher (Australia: William Heinemann), 1987
220 ‘You see some’ . . . ‘trustworthy’: Watson overheard talking to Pyke, 24 May 1940, KV 2/3038
221 SIS’s concerns about GP’s undercover work: There are several allusions to this, including Leo Amery’s letter to Frederick Lindemann, 19 July 1940: ‘The secret service branches under the War Office somehow or other think that his investigation would cross their wires. Personally, both the investigation and the kind of people employed would be so entirely different that I cannot imagine that there is any real danger of that happening.’
221 ‘close to collapse’: Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 222
222 ‘a much persecuted’: Leo Amery to Osbert Peake, 11 July 1940 (mistakenly marked as 11 May 1940)
222 ‘Depart, I say’: Peter Hennessey, Never Again (London: Vintage), 1993, p. 20
222 ‘a strange creature’: L. S. Amery, 26 Feb 1948, AMEL 8/66, Churchill Archives Centre
222–3 ‘the only man’: GP to Osbert Peake, 17 July 1940
223 Higgins in GP’s notebook: GP Notebook, August 1940
223 ‘deep gratitude’: Rolf Rünkel to GP, 4 July 1941
223 GP sends payments to Higgins: Ibid., 10 December 1940
223 ‘deep sympathy with’: GP to Sidney Kraul, 3 July 1940
223–4 ‘Pyke is well known’: MI5 to Sidney Kraul, 9 August 1940, KV 2/3039
225 ‘all those interested’: GP to Rolf Rünkel, 19 July 1941
225 ‘Higgins all possible’: GP Notebook, 9 Feb 1940
225 ‘Blonder Hans’: This appears in numerous sources, including the original Gestapo file on Runkel at Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), Amt IV, A2, Bundesarchiv, Berlin
225 Rünkel recruited by NKVD: Though NKVD personnel files from this period remain classified, the extraneous details about Rünkel’s life up to and during this period suggest that he might have been recruited to the NKVD in the early 1930s. We know from his reaction to Special Branch surveillance in 1941 that he was experienced in picking up a tail, and that he was one of the first Communists to be taken out of Prague in 1938, which attests to his seniority among the many German Communists gathered in Prague at the time. It is also significant that, in spite of this, he was not attached to any Party cell during his time in Britain. Those attached to the NKVD or GRU were customarily instructed to disassociate themselves from Party factions. Looking beyond the war, the lack of an archival trace in the GDR archives is suggestive. In a country where all Party members had voluminous files on them the relative lack of files on Rünkel opens up the strong possibility that the bulk of his papers were taken to the USSR, as happened with those of other employees of the NKVD or GRU.
226 Rünkel on Gestapo’s list: RSHA, Amt IV, A2, Geheimes Staatspolizeiamt, Bundesarchiv, Berlin
226 ‘Certain words were missing’: Fred Uhlman, The Making of an Englishman (London: Victor Gollancz, 1960), p. 242
227 Rünkel might have spied on Koenen: Documents captured in 1946 at Koethen (soon to be GDR) – Abw, 111 F. HELMUT WEHR papers on KOMINTERN Agents from PRAGUE, 10 January 1939. According to report i/28 of Helmut Wehr on 10 January 1939, four men were dispatched to London by the Komintern office in Prague, including Wilhelm Koenen and his secretary Hamann, and each one had a ‘Labour functionary to spy on them in accordance with Komintern instructions’ – one of whom might have been Rünkel, KV 2/2800/278b
227 ‘banality of evil’: Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem (London: Penguin), 1994
228 ‘in the case of all non-Russian’: Haldane, Truth Will Out, p. 292
230 ‘the publishing house’: KV 2/2357/60a
230 MI5 raises no objection to Kamnitzer’s release: KV 2/2883/15a
230 ‘a fanatical . . . Party work’: W. Younger to Roger Hollis, 23 December 1941, KV 2/2883/26b
230 MI5 Suspect Rünkel: ‘Information from B2 source ‘M/S’, 22 December 1939, KV 2/2714/6a
230 ‘is stated to have been’: KV 2/1561/53a
230 Rünkel member of N-Dienst: B.8.c summary of MOELLER-DOSTALI interrogation at the Oratory Schools, 17 February 1941, KV 2/3364/58x
230 GP pays Rünkel’s expenses: GP to Bobby Carter, 27 August 1941, Private Collection of Sarah Carter
231 ‘We know how devotedly’: GP to Rolf Rünkel, 19 July 1941
231 ‘B[obby] and I’: Deborah Carter, unpublished reminisces, c. 1989
232 Rünkel pointing out shadows: Author’s correspondence with Thomas Rünkel, 10 September 2012
232 policeman suspects stronger connection between GP and Rünkel: Cross Reference to extract from Special Branch report re PYKE and RUNKEL’, 22 September 1941, KV 2/3039/30a
232–3 ‘see to it . . . improved upon’: Source: Ri, 17 November 1941, KV 2/1873/172a
233 ‘I consider this’: Ibid.
233 MI5’s libertarian approach’: Hyde, I Believed, 1952, p. 75
234 ‘complete reliability’: ‘Photostat copy of letter from Pyke to AWS Dept re RUNKEL’, 31 October 1941, KV-2–3039–31a
234 MI5 notes German communists at the BBC: KV 2/2883/30a
How to Defeat Nazism
235 ‘intensely elitist . . . birth’: Philip Ziegler, Mountbatten (London: Fontana), 1986, p. 52
236 ‘how to do something’: GP to Jon Kimche, 14 January 1945
237 ‘The Germans had complete’: Ibid.
238 ‘Note the obvious’: Ibid.
238–9 Mastery . . . succession’: GP, ‘A Strategic Proposal’, revised version, November 1941
239 ‘The Assyrians’: Pyke to Liddell Hart, 15 May 1940, and originally in Byron’s ‘The Destruction of Sennacherib’, Hebrew Melodies, 1815
239 ‘how often could an aeroplane’: GP to Jon Kimche, 14 January 1945
239 ‘Principles of attack’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 7 June 1942
239 ‘no more an invention’: GP, ‘A Strategic Proposal’
240 ‘similar to the adaptations’: GP Notebook, December 1941
240 ‘with relatively slight’: GP, ‘A Strategic Proposal’
240 ‘Make every one’: Ibid.
240 ‘Far from wanting’: ‘Commentary by Mr Pyke on C.O.H.Q. Int./28/15.4.42’ S.7.0. North Norway – Large Scale Operation. US National Archives and Records Administration, Record Group 165, Entry 21, 390/30/16/4, Box 968, submitted on 15 April 1942 to Louis Mountbatten
241 ‘military ju-jitsu’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 7 June 1942
241 ‘Consider the political’: Ibid., 4 June 1942
241 ‘to make a fool’: GP to Basil Liddell Hart, 15 May 1940
241 ‘impressed by’: Leo Amery to David Pyke, 11 March 1948, AMEL 2/3/5
241 Amery’s patience with GP: Leo Amery, The Empire at Bay (London: Hutchinson), 1988, p. 1072
242 ‘no prospect for Jews’: Leo Amery, 26 Feb 1948, AMEL 8/66
242 ‘the sort of person’: GP to Sydney Elliott, 13 November 1939
242 ‘very naturally appealed’: Leo Amery, ‘Recollections of Mr Pyke’, AMEL 2/3/5
242 ‘I am bothering’: Leo Amery to Walter Monckton, 24 June 1940
242 ‘it seems to be all’: Walter Monckton to Leo Amery, 24 June 1940
243 ‘others have thought’: Frederick Lindeman to Walter Monckton, 10 July 1940, Cherwell Papers, G. 465/3
243 Bourne dismisses snowmobiles: Bourne, ‘Response to the proposals to use sledges driven by air screws and aircraft engines for cross country operations in the Narvik area’, Combined Operations HQ, 15 July 1940
243 ‘the circumstances he has’: A. V. Alexander to ‘Sydney’, 17 July 1940
243 ‘measureless obstructive strength’: Evelyn Waugh, Men at Arms (London: Penguin), 1967, p. 135
243 ‘Unless all my skiing friends’: Leo Amery to Fletcher, 23 July 1940
243 ‘a quality . . . ends of war’: GP, ‘A Strategic Proposal’
244 ‘The worse the weather’: Ibid.
244 ‘You won’t get it done’: GP, Account of conversation with J. D. Bernal, 23 June 1940
244 ‘The whole country’: GP to Jon Kimche, 14 January 1945
245 Ray ‘a Communist’: KV 2/3039/102a
245 ‘perhaps the greatest’: Cyril Ray, ‘Boat People’, Punch, vol. 288, 20 March 1985, p. 51
245 ‘I heard things about him’: GP to Jon Kimche, 14 January 1945
245 ‘I feel that, and I think’: GP to Leo Amery, 4 February 1942
245 the ‘brilliant’ inventor: Michael Harrison, Mulberry: The Return in Triumph (London: W. H. Allen), 1965, p. 141
246 ‘Many of the descriptions’: Pyke, Draft Profile of Mountbatten for the Evening Standard, September 1943
247 ‘excite you more’: Quoted in Ziegler, Mountbatten, p. 112
247 Mountbatten’s naval ambitions. Ziegler, Mountbatten, p. 36
247 ‘extraordinary drive’: The Duchess of Windsor, The Heart Has Its Reasons (London: Michael Joseph), 1956, p. 206
248 ‘damned annoyed’: Harrison, Mulberry, p. 15
248 ‘You fool!’: Mountbatten’s diary, 25 October 1941, quoted in Ziegler, Mountbatten, p. 156
248 ‘All the other headquarters’: Churchill quoted by Mountbatten in Harrison, Mulberry, p. 15
249 ‘When I return’: Louis Mountbatten to GP, 8 February 1942
249 ‘Major Parks-Smith . . . intellect’: GP to Amery, undated
249 ‘Like Mephistopheles’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 26 April 1942
249–50 ‘They knew, only too well’: ‘Pyke on How to Sell Pyke’, GP to Louis Mountbatten, June 1942
250 ‘what my biographers’: Ibid.
250 ‘a vast gathering . . . length’: GP to Jon Kimche, 14 January 1945
250 GP bad at judging audience: Pyke to Bobby Carter, 10 August 1939
250 ‘bore himself . . . voice’: Cohen, ‘Geoffrey Pyke: Man of Ideas’, p. 246
251 Japanese rampant in South-East Asia: ‘We do not possess enough naval forces, even leaving the barest minimum for our vital commitments in Home Waters, to meet the Japanese forces already in the Indian Ocean, not to mention those which may be brought against us.’ ‘Draft Reply to General Marshall’, Chiefs of Staff Committee, April 1942, CAB 79/20
252 ‘handsome and breezy’ Goronwy Rees, A Bundle of Sensations (London: Chatto & Windus), 1960, p. 145
253 GP’s clothes: Maurice Goldsmith, Sage (London: Hutchinson), 1980, p. 100
253 ‘unusually expressive’: Cohen, ‘Geoffrey Pyke: Man of Ideas’, p.246
253 ‘thoughtful and serious’: M. F. Perutz, ‘An Inventor of Supreme Imagination’, Discovery, May 1948
253 ‘burning eyes’: Peter Quennell, The Wanton Chase (London: Collins), 1980, p. 30
253 ‘Lord Mountbatten, you need me’: Andrew Brown, J. D. Bernal: The Sage of Science (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 2005, p. 209
253 ‘trying to size you up’: Perutz, ‘An Inventor of Supreme Imagination’
253 ‘The untidy man’: John Hillary, ‘The Ozzard of Whizz’, Public Opinion, 18 May 1951, pp. 11–12
254 ‘I must confess’: Harrison, Mulberry, p. 142
254 ‘a chap with no scientific qualifications’: Goldsmith, Sage, pp. 97–98
254 ‘genuine affection’: Harrison, Mulberry, p. 39
254 ‘I fell into the habit’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 6 July 1942
254 ‘you always rush me’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, undated
254 ‘as receptive’: GP to Betty Behrens, 23 January 1946
254 ‘What I’ve done’: Transcript for ‘The Dynamics of Innovation’, part of ‘We Beg to Differ’, BBC, broadcast between 9:40 and 9:55 in between the third and fourth acts of The Marriage of Figaro, 25 September 1947
254 ‘In face of a new idea’: Ibid.
255 ‘Suggester of Programmes’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 3 August 1942
255 ‘be prepared with’: ‘Pyke on How to Sell Pyke’, GP to Louis Mountbatten, June 1942
255 GP’s salary: Mountbatten Papers, MB1/C209
255 ‘an extraordinary, wholly unbureaucratic’: Canetti, Party in the Blitz, p. 180
Pyke Hunt, Part 3
257 ‘the Comintern remained’: Andrew, Defence of the Realm, p. 190
257 ‘what a complicated’: KV 2/2799/153b
258 ‘Professor P. is I think’: ‘Photostat of Minute from Bagot (F2bMJEB) to ADE7, Prof P is Pyke’, 21 January 1942, KV 2/3039/33b
258 ‘gathering and translating’: Ibid.
258 ‘large and comprehensive’: Today in the Comintern Archives in Moscow there are more than 407 files under the heading ‘Varga Bureau in Berlin’
259 ‘doing the same job’: ‘Copy of E.3.(a) report re PYKE’, 31 January 1942, KV-2–3039–34a
How to Change the Military Mind
261 Nye supports the scheme: ‘Pyke on How to Sell Pyke’, GP to Louis Mountbatten, June 1942
261 ‘tactical and strategic’: CAB 79/19, COS (42) 58 (0). 77th Meeting
262 ‘handsome social chaps’: Quoted in Richard Hough, Mountbatten (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson), 1980, p. 148
262 ‘surrealist whirligig’: Evelyn Waugh, Michael Davie (ed.), The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson), 1976, p. 524, p. 533
262 ‘this fish-flesh-fowl company’: Rees, A Bundle of Sensations, p. 143
263 ‘precaution for . . . progress’: GP, unpublished manuscript, 12 June 1941
263 ‘how a plane can measure’: GP, 10 March 1942
263 ‘so does a Squadron Leader’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 1 March 1942
264 ‘ingenious . . . support’: Appendix ‘B’, minutes of meeting at COHQ in response to Pyke’s ‘Diary of War Ideas’, 27 March 1942
265 ‘if he couldn’t get us’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, ‘Pyke on How to Sell Pyke’, June 1942
265 ‘was not as it unfortunately’: ‘Mr Pyke’s Second and Third Thoughts. A Recantation’, 26 March 1942, US National Archives and Records Administration, Record Group 165, Entry 22, 390/30/16/4, Box 980
266 ‘a sign which said “VERBOTEN”’: This idea can almost certainly be traced back to the following line in De Beaufort, Behind the German Veil, p. 25: ‘If the notice “Verboten” appears on any door, passage, lawn, railway train, church, or anything else, then in nine hundred and ninety-nine cases out of a thousand it is unnecessary to take any further safeguards. [. . .] A good, law-abiding, respectable German citizen will not dream of passing through that door, gate, field, or step into that railroad train.’
268 ‘I can teach anyone’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 15 May 1942
268 ‘never, NEVER let up’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, ‘There should be more civilians in COHQ’, 13 April 1942
268 ‘mene, mene . . . first time’: Solly Zuckerman, From Apes to Warlords (London: Collins), 1988, pp. 151–152
268 ‘There is, at present’: GP, ‘New Ideas for the Army’, 1 March 1942
269 ‘It would be contrary’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, ‘There should be more civilians in COHQ’, 13 April 1942
269 GP approaches Tizard: Louis Mountbatten to GP, 30 March 1942
270 ‘beautiful, humorous’: C. P. Snow, ‘Bernal, a Personal Portrait’, The Science of Science (London: Penguin), 1966, p. 19
270 ‘Three in a bed’: JDB Papers, 0.23.1
270 ‘the boffin equivalent’: Brown, J. D. Bernal, Kindle location 4700
270 ‘press things unduly’: J. D. Bernal, The Freedom of Necessity (London: Routledge), 1949, p. 67
270–1 ‘Department of Wild Talents’: Raleigh Trevelyan, Grand Dukes and Diamonds (London: Secker & Warburg), 1991, p. 369
271 ‘it is a reasonable assumption’: Hough, Mountbatten, p. 148
271 ‘two favourites’: Based on a conversation between Andrew Brown and Martin Bernal, quoted in Brown, J. D. Bernal, p. 217
271 ‘Monkey man’: Harold Wernher, World War II: Personal Experiences (London: Worrall & Robey), 1950, p. 16
271 Bernal and the king’s conversation: C. J. Mackenzie, NRCC/CJM Diary, 1 March 1943
271 ‘experts, charlatans’: Evelyn Waugh, Officers and Gentlemen (London: Penguin), 1967, p. 44
272 ‘the largest . . . drawing pins’: GP to Captain Colvin, 18 March 1942
273 Mountbatten at Chequers: Copy of an appointment book for Churchill’s weekends at Chequers, kept by Inspector George Scott, Churchill’s police escort commander (ref. WCHL 6/43), Churchill Archives Centre
273 ‘displayed his real qualities’: GP to Jon Kimche, 14 January 1945
273 ‘one of the greatest’: A. W. Lawrence (ed.), T. E. Lawrence by his Friends (London: Jonathan Cape), 1937, p. 161
273 unfinished business Norway: James A. Wood, We Move Only Forward (ST Chatarines, Ontario: Vanwell), 2006, p. 20
273 ‘roll the map’: Winston Churchill, The Hinge of Fate: The Second World War, Vol. 4 (New York: RosettaBooks), 2002, p. 314
274 ‘they are sure to be’: GP to Louis Mountbatten, 2 April 1942
274 ‘now at the 59th minute’: Ibid.
274 ‘a 101% honest’: Ibid.
275 ‘I doubt if any single’: Memorandum quoted in Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins (New York: Harper), 1948, p. 519
275–6 ‘Churchill took this’: Hopkins quoted in Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 526
276 ‘Rather doubtful’: Alan Brooke, War Diaries: 1939–45 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson), 2001, p. 236
276 ‘a snag’: Ibid.
276 ‘Well, after all’: Bernard Fergusson, The Watery Maze (London: Collins), 1961, p. 150
276 Marshall leaves with memo: US National Archives and Records Administration, Record Group 165, Entry 21, 390/30/16/4, Box 968
277 ‘It’s only when you see’: Hopkins quoted in Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 529
277 Hopkins’ underwear: Winston Churchill, The Second World War, Vol. 3 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin), 1948–53, p. 22
277 ‘itching like the devil’: Hopkins to Roosevelt, 11 April 1942, in Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 527
278 ‘pretentious nonsense’: Frederick Lindemann to Walter Monckton, 10 July 1940, Cherwell Papers, G. 465/3