Mason, W. B. Came to Japan in 1875 and for over 25 years was in the service of the Japanese Government in Departments of Communications and Education. Collaborated with B. H. Chamberlain in producing Murray's Handbook for Japan. Killed in earthquake 1st Sept., 1923.
Meiji Era The era of the reign of Emperor Meiji (1868-1912).
Mexican Dollar Japan had no currency of a well determined value when trade was opened in 1859, and so the foreign traders brought in Mexican $ which passed as currency in the Foreign Settlements. A reputable silver yen also referred to as a $, of 416 grains and 900 fineness was minted in 1879.
Mikado Term once used in foreign circles to designate the sovereign of Japan. In prewar years the Japanese normally used the expression Tenno Heika (Divine Emperor) when referring to their Emperor. Nowadays Tenno often suffices.
Mitford, A. B. (later Lord Redesdale) 1837-1916. Attache in Japan 1866-70.
Mon A Japanese farthing of former days. A copper coin with a square hole in the centre.
N
Namu Amida Butsu Buddhist ritual prayer or chant—Hail to Amida the Buddha.
Nippon Same as Nihon, meaning Japan.
Norimono See palanquin.
O
Obasan An old woman, a grandmother.
Obi Ornamental sash with bow at back. Worn by women. When the bow was tied in the front it was the mark of a professional prostitute in the old days.
O-bon Buddhist festival in July when the ancestral souls or spirits of the dead are said to return to earth for three days.
Oiran In feudal days a high class prostitute, generally depicted with many large bamboo hairpins in her hair.
P
Palanquin A curtained box-like conveyance, suspended on a pole and carried by four men, in which a person rode in a sitting or semi-recumbent position. Used by higher classes. In Japanese—norimono.
Parkes, Sir Harry (1828-1885) Appointed British minister to Japan in 1865, which post he held for 18 years.
Pom-pom girls Name coined by G. I.' s in the early stages of the Occupation for streetwalkers.
R
Rickshaw)
Rikisha) See jinrikisha.
Ronin Literally "wave-man," a term applied to samurai who were not attached to any clan one who had given up or had been dismissed from the service of his feudal master, and for the time being was his own master.
S
Sake An alcoholic beverage obtained by fermenting rice. Generally served after warming to about 43 degrees centigrade.
Samurai A member of the military class, entitled to wear two swords, a longer and shorter one, the latter like an over-grown dirk.
Saris, John English merchant and sea captain who made first voyage to Japan (1612) on behalf of English East India Company and obtained permission for English to settle in and to trade in Japan.
Satow E. M. (1843-1929) Attache and later (1895) British Minister to Japan.
Satsuma Name of a clan whose territories comprised a portion of Kyushu island.
Settlement That section of land, generally waste land outside the Japanese town, that was originally set aside as the place of trade and residence for foreigners.
Shinto "The Way of the Gods," the name given to the mythology and vague ancestor and nature worship which preceded the introduction of Buddhism into Japan. Latter developed to include State Shinto, Sect Shinto and popular Shinto.
Shogun Literally "the general commanding an island." Term applied to the administrative or de facto rulers of Japan in feudal days, as distinguished from the sovereigns who were kept in seclusion in Kyoto. Also known as Taikun (Tycoon).
Shogunate The government of the Shogun.
Shoji Sliding doors fitted with paper, or paper and glass, to enable light to penetrate a Japanese room from the outside.
Shroff Originally men employed by banks and merchants in the East to examine coin and see whether it was genuine. Now often a cashier or clerk in accounts department.
Siebold, Dr. Philipp Franz von (1796-1866) Arrived in Nagasaki in 1823 as physician attached to Dutch East India Company. Banished from Japan in 1830 for making a map of Japan. Returned in 1860 on a semi-official mission.
T
Taikun (also Tycoon). Literally "great lord," and the term employed by the Japanese in earlier treaties, and in their official correspondence with foreigners, to designate the Shogun.
Taipan A word borrowed from early trading days in China, meaning the manager or "big boss," as distinct from assistants, in foreign firms.
Tatami Straw floor mats, 3'x6', found in houses, temples and other Japanese style buildings. Two such mats represent the unit of area known as a tsubo.
Teahouse The word is used to denote the modest little rest-houses which are situated alongside country roads, and also the elaborate Japanese style restaurants in the cities, which also serve as places of entertainment, to which geisha may be called.
Thunberg, Charles Peter (1743-1828) Swedish physician, naturalist and traveller appointed physician to Dutch East India Company at Deshima.
Tokaido The great highway of Eastern Japan from Yedo (Tokyo) to Kyoto.
Tokio Previously the commonly accepted Romanised form of spelling for Tokyo.
Tokugawa The family and line of Shoguns founded by Tokugawa Iyeyasu in 1603 which controlled Japan for a period of about 250 years.
Torii Gateway to a Shinto shrine.
Tosa The name of a province and clan on the island of Shikoku.
Townsend Harris See Harris.
Trade Dollar In 1875 the Japanese Government commenced minting a silver coin stamped "Trade Dollar 420 grains 900 fine" which it was intended should take the place of the Mexican Dollar. In 1879 it was substituted by a new Silver Yen of 416 grains and 900 fineness.
Tsubo Unit of area, about 36 sq. feet, equivalent in area to two tatami (Japanese mats).
Tycoon See Taikun.
U
Ukiyoe A wood-block colour-print of popular school, depicting the life of feudal Japan.
V
Viaud, Julien See Loti.
Y
Yedo Old name for Tokyo; capital of Tokugawa Government.
Yen Japanese monetary unit. Originally equivalent to 50 U. S. cents at par. In pre-war 1941 the official rate of exchange was about 22 but the unofficial and open market rate was much lower. In 1958 the value of the yen is a little more than 1/4 €, or 360 yen to US $.
Yoshiwara Licensed quarter in Tokyo, but applied loosely by foreigners to any licensed quarter. Abolished by law April 1957.
INDEX
Adams, Will, 99; arrives in Japan, 277; death of, 325; flies Cross of St. George, 31; visits Osaka, 277
Airmail in Japan, effects of, 286
Alcock, Sir Rutherford, 22; arrives in Japan, 178; climbs Fuji, 313; "scum of the earth" episode, 214, 250
"America," wooden steamer, burning of, 147
Assassinations in Yokohama, 179
Attack on British Legation in Yedo, 179
"Auckland," American brig, 163
Australian convicts and bushrangers, 75
Baedeker, Karl, 236
Baldwin, Major G.W., 20th. Foot Regt., 94
Beachcombers, 288
Bell, Admiral, 335
Biddle, Commodore, 146
Birds, craze as pets, 274
Biddle, Commodore, 146
Bird, Lieut. R.N., 20th. Foot Regt., 94
Bishop of Hongkong, (Dr. George Smith) 60, 215
Bizen, Daimyo of Okayama, 106
Black-Eyed Susan, 92
"Bombay," P.&O. Steamer, 132
Brinker, Hans, 311
Brinkley, Capt. F., 211
British Grenadiers (march), 268
British Consulate at Nagasaki, 19; at Osaka, 280
British Legation at Yedo, attack upon, 26, 65, 179
British Phosphate Commissioners, 290
Brotherhood of the New Life, 68
Broughton, Capt., 327
Buddhist pilgrims, 241
Buddhist temples, 136, 241; offered as accommodation, 178
Burials, 159
Carew poisoning case, 184
Cesarevitch (see Czarevitch),
Chamberlain, Basil Hall, 221, 262
"Charity," Dutch ship (see "de Liefde"), 277
Chinese, 81; coffins, 150; gambling, 151; indentured labour 141; returning to China, 148
Chonkina dance, 233, 296
Chosen Corporation, 254
Christianity—banned, 99; edict against, 78; persecution of, 33
Christmas Days in Japan, 99
Clark, E. Warren, missionary, 160
"Clove," English ship, 236; arrives in Hirado, 297, 323
Cocks, Richard, 300, 324; celebrates Christmas, 101
Convict Settlements in Australia, 288
Currency manipulations, 251
"Cyprus," brig, 76
Czarevitch, attempted assassination of, 168, 170
Daibutsu at Kamakura, 94
Daimyo's denial of slander, 213
Daimyo processions, 107, 125, 336
d'Anethan, Baroness, 199
de Becker, Dr. J.E. 188, 193
Decoration Day, 330
"de Liefde," Dutch ship, 277
Deshima, 102, 279; description of, 39
"Diana," Russian frigate, 329
"Dupleix," French cruiser, 115
Dutch at Shogun's Court at Yedo, 43
Dutch East India Company 296; periodical visits to Yedo, 37
Eckert, Franz, 266
Eifukuji (temple) Hyogo, 110
Elgin and Kincardine, Earl of, arrives in Nagasaki, 52; arrives in Shimoda, 177
Embassy, British, at Tokyo, 181
"Emperor," yacht, 51, 60
Emperor Meiji, 172, 282
English East India Company, 297 at Hirado, 30, 100, 279
English regiments in Yokohama, 94
"Euryalus," H.M.S., 252
Execution of eleven Tosa men, 119
"Experiment," English ship, 34
Fenton, Bandmaster William, 268
Fire Brigades, foreign volunteers, 17
Fitch, London merchant, 248
Flag of Hachiman, 29; St. George's Cross, 28; Stars & Stripes, 53
Fleas, 230, 314
Foreign cemetery at Ono, Kobe, 331, 334; at Shuhogahara (Futatabi) Kobe 334; at Yokohama, 330
French sailors massacred at Sakai, 115, 335
Fryke, Christopher, 326
Fuji, Mount, 312
"Furious," British war-vessel, 51
Garter Mission to Japan, 35
Geisha, 310
Geisha, The (light opera), 232
George, Prince of Greece, 170,175
Gilbert & Sullivan, 25, 232
Goble, Jonathan, 165
Gold—coins, 249; exported from Japan, 249; parity in Japan, 249
Graves of British seamen at Muroran, 327; of U.S. personnel at Shimoda, 328; of Russian seamen at Shimoda,
329 Griffis, Dr. W.E., 217
Guide books 229
Harakiri, 106, 113
Harris, Thomas Lake, 62
Harris, Townsend, 20, 54, 56, 79, 178, 309; extracts from diary, 38, 82, 214; journey to Yedo, 85; celebrates Christmas, 103; at Shimoda, 80; describes his accommodation at Shimoda, 329
Hearn, Lafcadio, 221, 262
Hepburn's system of spelling (Japanese words), 232
Heusken, Henry C.J., 54, 81; murdered in Yedo, 178
Hideyoshi's Kitano tea-party, 248
Hirado, 30; burials at, 324
Hitachi Dockyard, 285
Hojuji (temple), graves of Tosa men, 122
Holly for Christmas, 100
Hyogo, 100; opened to foreign trade, 280
Hunter, E.H., 285
Ichibu, exchange, 249
Ichinotani, foreign residents at, 260
Iemitsu, Shogun, closes Japan, 78
Ieyasu, Tokugawa Shogun, 277
James Estate, Shioya, 260
Japan closed to Western world, 78
Japanese—banquets, 56; Embassy to Europe, 66; Emperor in Kyoto, 60, 84; first Embassy to U.S.A., 267, 300; national anthem, 266; naval vessels in 1868, 283; regulations re dress, 302; servants, 32; atrocities, 290, 332;
Japan Herald; obituary notice of, 211
Japan Mail, 193, 197, 211
Japan Times & Overland Mail, 114
Japan Tourist Bureau's Official Guide, 231
Jardine Matheson & Co., 18, 264
Jinrikisha (see Rickshaw)
Jonas case in Osaka, 302
Kaempfer, Dr. Engelbert, 38, 80, 267
Kawaguchi Foreign Concession (Osaka), 280
Kimigayo, 266
Kimono, novel by John Paris, 233, 296
Kobayashi Beika (see de Becker)
Kobe Foreign Concession attacked, 107
Kobe Hills, 272
Kobe Women's Club, 223
Kobo Daishi, 104
Korean national anthem, 270
Kukai (see Kobo Daishi)
Kwannon, Buddhist Goddess of Mercy, 238
Leprosy, 290, 332
Licenced quarters, 143, 225
Livers, human, superstition re, 332
Loti, Pierre, 229, 306
Madame Butterfly, 232, 306
Madame Chrysanthemum, 229, 306
Mamiya Hajime, ronin assassin, 94
Marco Polo's account of Japan, 247
"Maria Luz," Peruvian barque, 140
Mavourneen, Kathleen, 268, 300
Meiji, Emperor, 172, 282
Meriken Hatoba, Kobe, 223
Mexican dollars, exchange value, 249
Meylan, G.F., 49
Mikado, The, (light opera), 232
Mikado's decree against assassination of foreigners, 109
Mitford, A.B., (description of harakiri), 111
Miura, Tamaki, 233, 307
Morrison, Consul Geo. S., 19
Murray's Handbook for Japan, 223, 230
Myokokuji (temple), 118
Nagasaki, 306
Nanten berries, 100
Nauru Island, 290
Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia, 169
Nio, guardian gods at temple gates, 245
"Number Nine," Yokohama, 233
Oliphant, Laurence, 64
"Oneida," U.S.S., sinking of, 129
Ono Foreign Cemetery, burial of French sailors, 116
Order of Merit, conferred on Japanese, 36
Osaka, 277; description of, 42; opened to foreign trade, 280
Osaka Castle, 277, 281; burnt and sacked, 127
Osaka Foreign Concession at Kawaguchi, 280
Osaka Station, gift shops, 241
Otsu, attempted assassination at, 170
Pacific Mail Steamship Co., 146
Pacific Phosphate Company, 290
Page, Asst. Surgeon, C.H. 103
Paris, John, author, 233, 296
Parkes, Sir Harry, 181, 280; attacks Bizen troops, 108; climbs Fuji, 314; valedictory notices in Japanese Press, 219
Patch, Sam, 163
Penal settlements in Australia, 74
Pentonville Prison, 272
Perry, Commodore, 54, 146, 328
Phallic worship, 261
Pilgrimages to temples and shrines, 238
"Pillow" books, 296
Pleasant Island, 290
Prostitutes as artist's models, 225, 295
"Providence," H.M. Sloop, 327
"Retribution," British warship, 51
"Return," English ship, 34
Richardson, Charles Lenox, murder of, 91
Rickshaw, 165, 283
Rickshaw-men, 170
Rodin's "The Kiss," 299
Rubinstein, Serge, 253
Sailing ships, foreign, in Japanese harbours, 323
Sakai, massacre of French sailors, 115
Saris, Capt. John, 31, 236, 323; collection of Japanese curios burnt, 297
Satow, Sir Ernest, 120, 195
Sentar
o (see also Patch), 164
Shaw, George Bernard, 309
Shimazu, Daimyo of Satsuma, 90
Shimidzu, Seiichi, ronin assassin, 94
Shita-ni-iro, 90, 107
Shioya 101; James Estate at, 260
Shoes, removing, before entering Japanese house, 309
Shogun's Court, Yedo, Dutch at, 43
Shuhogahara (Futatabi) Foreign Cemetery, 120, 334
Silver, 249
Smith, Dr. George (Bishop of Hong Kong), 60, 215
"Spring" books, 296
St. George's Cross, 28
Strip tease, 294
Superstitions re human livers, 332
"Susquehanna," U.S.S., 164
Taki, Zenzaburo, 107, 113
Tamaki, Miura, 233, 307
Temples for accommodation of foreigners, 53, 178
Terry, T. Philip, Guide to Japanese Empire, 44, 230
Thirty-three Holy Places of Kwan-non, 238
Thunberg, Dr. 48, 296
"Tiger," English ship, 29
"Tiger's Whelp," English ship, 29
Tokaido, description of, 86, 89
Tokio Times, 213, 219
Tokudo Shonin, Buddhist abbot, 238
Tokugawa road near Kobe, 107, 125, 336
Tourist traffic in Japan, 229
Treaties with Japan, 58, 80
Trust & Loan Agency Co., 263
Tsuda, Sanzo, 170
Turnor, Lieut. A.H. 103
Ukiyoe, 224, 295
von Siebold, 48
van Kieboom executed, 275
Viaud, Julien (see Loti)
Whaling ships, 145, 327
Wheeler, Dr. E., 187
Woodcut prints, 224
Yacht "Emperor," present from Queen Victoria, 51, 60
"Yedo-Mail" four-horse coach, 92
Yen minting commenced, 253
Yokohama Foreign Cemetery, 97, 200
Yokohama United Club, 184
Yoshiwara licenced quarters, 223, 295
Other TUT BOOKS available:
BACHELOR'S HAWAII by Boye de Mente
BACHELOR'S JAPAN by Boye de Mente
BACHELOR'S MEXICO by Boye de Mente
A BOOK OF NEW ENGLAND LEGENDS AND FOLK LORE by Samuel Adams Drake
THE BUDDHA TREE by Fumio Niwa; translated by Kenneth Strong
CALABASHES AND KINGS: An Introduction to Hawaii by Stanley D. Porteus
CHINA COLLECTING IN AMERICA by Alice Morse Earle
CHINESE COOKING MADE EASY by Rosy Tseng
CHOI OI!: The Lighter Side of Vietnam by Tony Zidek
CONFUCIUS SAY by Leo Shaw
THE COUNTERFEITER and Other Stories by Yasushi Inoue; translated by Leon Picon
CURIOUS PUNISHMENTS OF BYGONE DAYS
by Alice Morse Earle