Adams, John, 83, 86, 97, 114
Burr supported by, 243
cabinet of, 129–130, 166–168
in Continental Congress, 16, 24
death of, 307
death of Washington, George, and, 1–2
federal judiciary packed by, 3–4, 177–180, 195
against France, 129–133, 135, 139–142
French peace overture accepted by, 153–156
Fries and, 159–160, 168, 173
on Hamilton’s death, 227
Letter from Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq., President of the United States on, 173–174
Lyon criticizing, 148
Marbury appointed by, 208, 322
Marshall, John, appointed as Chief Justice by, 4–5, 180–182
appointed as secretary of state by, 170
Marshall, John, supporting, 146, 155–156, 160–163, 176
neutrality policy of, 3, 144, 154
peace commission to France appointed by, 130–133, 135, 139–141
presidential election of 1800 candidacy of, 3, 163–167, 172–174
presidential election of 1800 lost by, 177, 185
presidential election won by, 123–127
quasi-war with France and, 125, 127–130, 146, 150
ship seizures and, 3, 128–129
Washington, DC, left by, 191–192
on White House, 175–176
on yellow fever, 102
Adams, John Quincy, 176, 265, 310
on Burr, 222
on death of Marshall, John, 317
on impeachment, 215–216, 228, 231–232
War of 1812 peace negotiations by, 277, 280
Adams, Samuel, 16
Adet, Pierre-Auguste, 122
Agricola pseudonym, 95–96
Alien and Sedition Acts, 192, 210
Callender and, 168, 230
Constitution breached by, 145, 147–148
Federalists and, 145–148, 176
Marshall, John, against, 147–148
Ambler, Eliza, 33–34, 36, 45
Ambler, Jacquelin, 32–33, 113
Ambler, Polly. See Marshall, Mary “Polly” Ambler
Amelia, 193–194
Amendments
Eleventh, 324
First, 145, 230
process of adding, 58, 68, 303
Sixth, 253
Tenth, 299
Twelfth, 185
American constitutional law foundation of, 294, 321
legal and political issues in, 162
as pillar of legal system, 269
American Revolutionary War. See Revolutionary War
Antifederalists
Burr, 120–121
Henry, 52, 56, 59–60, 67–68
Madison’s argument against ratification, 67–68
moderate, 71
Monroe, 104
Appellate court, 197, 208, 287, 293
Arbitrary confiscation, protection against, 295
Aristides pseudonym, 96
Arnold, Benedict, 36, 276
Articles of Confederation, 52, 55–56
Aurora, 122–124, 264
Bache, Benjamin Franklin, 122–123
Bank of the United States, 296–297, 300
Barbecue Club. See Quoits Club
Barras, Paul, 125–128, 133–134
Battle at New Orleans, 280–282
Battle of Brandywine, 11, 21–22, 26, 95
Battle of Germantown, 21–23, 26
Battle of Iron Hill, 21
Battle of Long Island, 19
Battle of Monmouth Courthouse. See Monmouth Courthouse, Battle of
Battle of Saratoga, 24
Battle of Stony Point, 29, 31
Battle of Trenton, 2, 20, 61, 87
Battle of Yorktown, 38, 107
Batture lands case, 267–269
Bayard, James, 189–190, 199, 217
Bellamy, Pierre, 135, 140–141
Bentham, Jeremy, 257
Bicameral legislature, 58–59
Bill of Rights
failure to include, 60
First Amendment, 145, 230
Madison and, 71
Sixth Amendment, 253
stripped from Constitution, 2
Tenth Amendment, 299
Black cockade, 141–142
Black robes, worn by Marshall, John, 184–185
Blackstone, William, 14–15
Boston Gazette, 93
Boston Tea Party, 15
Bradford, William, 103, 106, 108
Brandywine, Battle of, 11, 21–22, 26, 95
Breckenridge, John, 200, 237
British Debts Case. See Ware v. Hylton
Bryce, Lord, 4, 183
Buchanan, John, 79–80
Burr, Aaron, Jr.
accused of expedition against Spain, 249–255
accused of treason, 238–250, 254
Adams, John, supporting, 243
Adams, John Quincy, on, 222
as antifederalist, 120–121
at Chase’s impeachment trial, 221–222, 227–228, 231–233
death of, 318
death of family and, 258
death of Washington, George, and, 1–2
farewell to Senate by, 234–235, 240
in France, 257
Giles and, 246–247, 250
in Great Britain, 257
Hamilton no longer friends with, 163–164
Hamilton’s duel with, 120–121, 222–227, 242
Jackson honoring, 241–242, 244
Judiciary Act of 1802 and, 198
Louisiana Purchase and, 214
Marshall, John, on, 245, 249–250, 253–255
in New Orleans, 242
in Ohio, 244, 247–248, 252
in presidential election of 1800, 3, 163–165, 186–192, 223
in Revolutionary War, 18–19, 27–28, 85
secession and, 238–244
in United States v. Burr, 251–255
Caldwell, Elias Boudinot, 278, 282–283
Callender, James, 120, 180
Alien and Sedition Acts and, 168, 230
Chase presiding over trial of, 168, 228–230
Jefferson and, 119, 168, 201–202
The Prospect Before Us by, 168
Campbell, Archibald, 13–14
Capitol, of Richmond, 168–169
Capitol, U.S.
burning of, 273, 278, 289–290
construction of, 171–172, 183, 282
Supreme Court’s new quarters at, 265–267
Case law, 269–270, 303
Chase, Samuel, 184, 211
at Callender’s trial, 168, 228–230
death of, 268
Declaration of Independence attacked by, 218
at Fries trial, 159, 228, 230
impeachment trial of, 217–222, 227–234
Jefferson and, 205, 218–220, 233
Marshall, John, supporting, 219–221, 228, 233
Cheetham, James, 226
Cherokee Acts, in Georgia, 309–313, 325
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 310–313
Chesapeake, 259
Chief Justice, Marshall, John, as
Adams, John, appointing, 4–5, 180–182
black robes worn by, 184–185
Bryce on, 4, 183
on Burr, 245, 249–250, 253–255
case law rendered by, 269–270, 303
Chase supported by, 219–221, 228, 233
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and, 310–313
circuit court ridden by, 201, 203–205, 241, 249
Civil War influenced by, 5, 10, 182, 286, 296, 311
coach accident of, 270
Cohens v. Virginia and, 294–295, 301–302, 324
on Constitution not lasting, 293, 312, 318–319
Dartmouth College v. Woodward and, 295–297, 323
effigy of, 255, 258
on Embargo Act, 260–261
in Era of Good Feeling
s, 291
federal government stabilized by, 298
Fletcher v. Peck and, 265, 294–295, 322
Frank on, 4, 183
gall-bladder operation of, 313–314
Gibbons v. Ogden and, 304–306, 324
inalienable rights defined by, 295
Jackson’s oath of office administered by, 314
Jefferson’s oath of office administered by, 191–192, 234
Livingston, Brockhorst, friends with, 236–237
as longest-serving Chief Justice, 294
Louisiana Purchase and, 214
Madison’s oath of office administered by, 262–263
Marbury v. Madison and, 196, 206–212, 217, 322
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee and, 286–287, 323
McCulloch v. Maryland and, 294, 296–301, 323–324
Monroe’s death influencing, 309
Monroe’s oath of office administered by, 288–290
on Negro Seamen Act, 304
on Nereide seizure, 284
oath of office taken by, 183–184
official portrait of, 182
presidential candidacy turned down by, 274–275
Talbot case and, 193–195
total decisions of, 4, 321
United States v. Peters and, 261–264, 287, 322
at Virginia state constitution reform convention, 308
against War of 1812, 275
Worcester v. Georgia and, 294, 311, 316, 325
writs of habeas corpus issued by, 246–247
Childhood home, of Marshall, John, 11–12
Church, John Barker, 120
Cipher letter, 246, 254
Circuit courts
as Court of Appeals, 197
Marshall, John, riding, 201, 203–205, 241, 249
number of, 149, 178, 196
Richmond, 249, 268–269
Supreme Court riding, 149, 178, 196, 203–205
Citizenship rights, 58, 301, 324
Civil War, 199, 307, 319
decisions of Marshall, John, influencing, 5, 10, 182, 286, 296, 311
Henry on, 78
Jefferson and, 10, 164, 182, 188, 190
Knox on, 54
South Carolina in, 286, 315–316, 318
Claxton, Thomas, 175
Clay, Henry, 245, 272, 280
Clinton, George, 223
Code of Laws, 269
Cohen, Mendes, 301
Cohen, Philip, 301
Cohens v. Virginia
inalienable rights ensured by, 295, 301–302
jurisdiction in, 301–302, 324
Marshall, John, and, 294–295, 301–302, 324
in new foundation for constitutional law, 294
College of William and Mary, 20
Marshall, John, and, 35, 72, 95, 147, 174, 184
Wythe at, 13, 35–36, 174, 184
Commentaries on the Laws of England (Blackstone), 14–15
Commerce
interstate, 57, 305–306, 324
off-shore, 54, 57, 67, 135, 259
river, 212, 275–276
Commonwealth v. Randolph, 75–76
Compact theory, 145, 287, 297, 312
Confederation Congress, 39
Confederation of American States, 65–67
Confiscation law, 286
Congress, 68, 92
in Article I, 57, 298, 306
First, 71, 299–300
interstate commerce regulated by, 57, 305–306, 324
Marbury v. Madison restraining, 207, 210
quasi-coups by, 210
See also House of Representatives; Senate
Constitution
Alien and Sedition Acts breaching, 145, 147–148
all citizens protected by, 58, 301, 324
Article I
Congressional powers in, 57, 298, 306
contracts and, 265, 296, 322–323
Article II, 57, 197
Article III
federal judiciary and Supreme Court in, 58, 198, 207
on treason witnesses, 246–247
Article IV, 58
Article V, 58, 68, 303
Article VII, 58
Bill of Rights stripped from, 2
breaches of, justified, 300
as compact between states, 145, 287, 297, 312
creation of, 56–60
declarations of war and, 91–92
Hamilton on, 60–61
Henry despising, 61–62
Jefferson violating, 203, 206–208, 210
Judiciary Act of 1802 and, 196–199
lasting, 293, 312, 318–319
liberty and, 63–64
necessary and proper clause, 57, 66, 177, 298
political war over meaning of, 182
proclamations and, 91–92, 299
as proposal, 298
Supreme Court changing, 207–210, 294
as supreme law of the land, 4, 58, 324
Webster on, 312–313
Wythe and, 56, 65
See also Amendments; Article I; Article III; Bill of Rights; Ratification, of Constitution
Constitutional Convention, 56–59, 62, 67, 130
Constitutional law. See American constitutional law
Continental Army
sufferings of, 38–39
supplies for, 23–25
Washington, George, leading, 16, 18, 21, 48, 125
Continental Congress, 16–17, 20, 24
Continental Prize Court, 261, 322
Contract law
Article I and, 265, 296, 322–323
in Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 295–296, 323
in Fletcher v. Peck, 265, 295, 322
inviolability of, 322–323
Cornwallis, Lord, 21, 36, 38
Courts
appellate, 197, 208, 287, 293
Continental Prize, 261, 322
district, 149, 178, 196, 249, 261
supremacy of, 322
Supreme Court jurisdiction over, 301–302
See also Circuit courts; Supreme Court
Cushing, William, 184, 211, 267
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
contracts and, 295–296, 323
inalienable rights ensured by, 295
Marshall, John, and, 295–297, 323
in new foundation for constitutional law, 294
Daveiss, Joseph Hamilton, 244–245
Davie, William R., 153–154
Dayton, Jonathan, 216
Declaration of Independence
Chase attacking, 218
Jefferson coauthoring, 17, 83
signing of, 17, 23–24, 35–36
Declaration of Paris, 284
Delaware, 150
Democratic Societies, 88, 94, 105–106
Democrat-Republicans, 192
See also Republicans
District court, 149, 178, 196, 249, 261
Dred Scott decision, 300
Duels
as crime, 226, 240–241
between Hamilton and Burr, 120–121, 222–227, 242
between Hamilton and Monroe, 120–121
legality of, 226, 240–241
Dunmore, Lord, 16–17
Duvall, Gabriel, 268, 270, 316
Economic disputes, among states, 53–54
Education, of Marshall, John, 12–15, 35–36
Edwards, Jonathan, 18, 186
Effigy, of Marshall, John, 255, 258
1800, presidential election of
Adams, John, losing, 177, 185
Adams, John, running in, 3, 163–167, 172–174
Burr in, 3, 163–165, 186–192, 223
Federalists and, 163–164, 185–192
Hamilton and, 164–165, 185–186, 189
House of Representatives deciding, 185–190
Jefferson winning, 3, 163–167, 185–192, 223
Marshall, John, and, 186–189
Republicans and, 163–164, 185–192
Election ca
mpaign, of Marshall, John, 149, 153–154
Elections, presidential. See Presidential elections
Electoral College, 163–164, 181
Eleventh Amendment, 324
Ellsworth, Oliver, 153–154, 178, 180
Embargo
Act, 259–263, 275
of British exports, by France, 273
Madison and, 261–263, 273
Eminent domain, 297
England. See Great Britain
Enquirer, 255
Era of Good Feelings, 291
Evidence, withholding, 253–254
Executive orders, 299. See also Proclamations
Fairfax, Denny, 44, 111
Fairfax, Lord, 10–12, 42–44
Fairfax Manor Lands, 109, 111
Marshall, James Markham, and, 44, 112, 131, 133, 286
Marshall, Thomas, Sr., and, 113
See also Hite v. Fairfax
Farmer rebellions, 47–49, 51, 55, 106–107
Farmicola, 41–42
Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, 205–206
Federal Coasting Act, 305
Federal government
Marbury v. Madison restraining, 207, 210, 227
powers of, 294, 298, 299, 324
stabilized, 298
See also State sovereignty
Federal judiciary
Adams, John, packing, 3–4, 177–180, 195
in Article III, 58, 198, 207
creation of, 58, 60
Federalists and, 3–4, 177–180, 195–196
Giles against, 196, 215–216
impeachment of, 215–220, 258, 303
independence of, 263–264
Jefferson against, 179–180, 193–200, 205
Jefferson’s appointments to, 231, 236–238
Republicans against, 206
supremacy of, 294
Federal justice system, Marshall, John, as father of, 4–5
Federal laws
ranking of, 58, 287
Supreme Court voiding, 209, 212, 215, 287, 300, 322
Federal troops, Supreme Court decisions enforced by, 316, 325
Federalist essays, 82–83, 85, 89, 199
Federalists, 88, 121
Alien and Sedition Acts and, 145–148, 176
black cockade of, 141–142
divided, 154–155, 192
federal judiciary and, 3–4, 177–180, 195–196
France and, 144–146
Hamilton’s scandal threatening, 104, 121
in history’s dustbin, 289
Jay Treaty supported by, 115
Louisiana Purchase and, 214
Marshall, John, as, 54, 72, 131, 155–156
presidential election of 1800 and, 163–164, 185–192
on Supreme Court, 268–269
ultra-Federalists, 144, 146, 154–155, 166
Washington, Bushrod, 269
Washington, George, supporting, 148–149
First Amendment, 145, 230
First Congress, 71, 299–300
Fletcher, Robert, 265, 322
Fletcher v. Peck
contracts in, 265, 295, 322
inalienable rights ensured by, 295
Marshall, John, and, 265, 294–295, 322
in new foundation for constitutional law, 294